Lycium Barbarum (wolfberry, goji berry, gouqizi, 枸杞) is a Chinese herbal drug located in Asia and South east Europe. The fruits of Lycium Barbarum are 1 to 2 cm long and are bright orange red in color. The speedy increase in the occurrence diseases has led to more research which contributes in the prevention and treatment. Goji berries contain many nutrients and bioactive compounds which allowed classifying them as superfruits. A short description of the fruits is presented together with cultivation requirements. The chemical composition of the berries and their health-promoting properties are described later in this literature review. There are potentially, very beneficial in dietary prevention of diseases, and affluence, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Lycium Barbarum is beneficial in all aspects including hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-aging, immunological, neuroprotection, and ant fatigue, control of glucose, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant properties. Lycium Barbarum juice is beneficial in many aspects including cardiovascular effects, blood pressure and pulse rate, neurological and psychological effects and musculoskeletal complaints. Goji ingredients that is potentially beneficial, and harmful for the human health, show allergic reactions and the interactions with other substances. High dietary fat intake has been shown to be associated with the development of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and other physically degenerative disease.

Introduction: The burden of managing malaria is lowering worldwide but it is still a threat in the African region. Understanding the current practices for malaria management can help to determine the gaps that need to be filled in order to achieve effective malaria management in Africa. This systematic review focuses on the actions implemented for malaria management in Africa. These include identification of the current malaria management practices, availability of antimalarial drugs, and evaluation of the affordability and quality of the available drugs. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken on online scientific databases such as PubMed and Cochrane. The following search terms were utilised - ‘malaria’, ‘management’, ‘Africa’, ‘antimalarial drugs’, ‘antimalarial’, and ‘quality’. The studies were limited by years of publication (2015-2020), and stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-specified to screen for and select the most relevant research articles. The quality of the data available was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. The PRISMA guidelines were adhered to for this systematic review. Results: The findings of this systematic review address four main themes - the quality of management of malaria in the African region, the management of malaria in pregnancy in the African region, the assessment of diagnostic tests for malaria in the African region, the effectiveness of specific interventions as regards the incidence and management of malaria, and the availability of, and adherence to anti-malarial drugs in the African region. Conclusion: There is a lack of standardisation and harmonization of the indicators and metrics of health quality where the management of malaria is concerned. There are variations in what is construed to be the full malaria case management pathway, the importance of counselling during the prescription process is inappropriately understated. There is a lack of knowledge when it comes to managing malaria in pregnancy, and pregnant patients are not acknowledged as high-risk patients. There is also inconsistency regarding the intermittent preventive treatment policy for malaria in pregnancy; only 39 out of 47 African countries have such a policy. Although RDTs have a moderate performance vis-à-vis the gold standard microscopy test, their cost-effectiveness has not yet been definitively determined. While antimalarials are widely available in both public and private sectors, their price mark-up remains a financial barrier to the community, especially in hard-to-reach rural areas. Finally, an increasing mobile phone penetration throughout the African region suggests that mobile health solutions could address the top reasons for non-adherence to anti-malarial therapy; namely, forgetfulness and a lack of health literacy.

Moringa oleifera is a fast growing well-known cultivated species of plant belonging to the family Moringaceae, genus Moringa, common name of Moringa oleifera (MO) is (also known as “drumstick”) horseradish and ben oil tree. Moringa products have a wide range of applications in agricultural, nutritional, industrial and pharmaceutical processes. Moringa leaves have a relatively high crude protein content which varies from 25% to 32%. A high proportion of this protein ,amino acids is potentially available for digestion due to a high proportion of pepsin soluble nitrogen (82-91 %) and low proportion (1-2%) of acid detergent insoluble protein. chemical composition was evaluated in Moringa Leaves then Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental broiler diets were formulated as MOL0%, MOL5%, MOL10%, MOL15% and MOL20%, chemical analysis of lipid profile(triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and vLDL), and haematological analysis(Hb, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCHC, Plt, MPV, PCT, PDW, WBC, LYM) were recorded. There was a high correlation between body weight and some blood parameters of the broiler chicken. Age and body weight effect on blood parameters PCV, WBC, RBC, Hb, MCV and MCH. Decrease in the triglycerides level, plasma cholesterol, blood glucose, platelets count, plasma proteins and albumin. There was a significant increase in the body weight. White blood cells (WBCs) and packed cell volume (PCV) increased significantly, but the changes in Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin level. The seed extracts of moringa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid. M. oleifera is an antibiotic that can improve the performance and health status, blood chemistry, increase cholesterol level (HDL, and decrease LDL, VLDL) of chickens.

Purpose: This work was aimed at documenting the anthropometric variations of the lengths of digits in the left and right hands of string players. Materials and methods: A total of 100 subjects were randomly selected on voluntary consent (50 string players and 50 non-string players used as control) irrespective of ethnicity. Vernier caliper was used in measuring the medial four fingers of their left and right hands and documented. Findings: Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science ( SPSS) software version 20.0 and the differences compared using student’s t-test at 95% confidence level, at 0.05 level of significance(P< 0.05). The results showed a difference in the mean digit lengths of the right hand with the control group being greater, this was however only statistically significant (P< 0.05) in the Right Middle Finger (8.13±0.53) as against the string players (7.99±0.69). The mean digits lengths of the left hand was greater in string players with the average difference of 0.32cm, this was however only significant (P<0.05) in the Left Middle Finger (8.14±0.70) when compared to that of the control (8.04±0.49). The mean digits length of the left hand is statistically significantly greater than the right hand in string players (P<0.05). However, the mean digits lengths of the right fingers in every humans are greater as seen in the control though not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Length of digits is greater in the right hand in non-strings players but greater in the left in spring players and could be a useful tool in forensic science especially in identification of individuals in relation to their skills during investigation.

A wood decay fungus is any species of fungus that digest moist wood causing it to rot. The decomposition of coarse woody debris like fallen trunks, branches, stumps, etc was done by wood decaying fungi and releasers of important elements from wood into soils of forest ecosystem. The wood decay fungal samples are collected in the Darapalli and Kondapalli reserve forest of Central Eastern Ghats, during May 2018 to February 2019. Based on the phenotypical or morphological characters the fungal specimen was identified as Artolenzites acuta (Berk) Mossebo & Ambit comb., Cubamyces flavidus (Lév.) Lücking, Cubamyces lactineus (Berk.) Lücking, Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt., Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Cesati & De Notaris, Daldinia childiae J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju,. Funalia aspera (Jungh.) Zmitr. & V. Malysheva, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat, Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk., Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P. Karst. Lenzites eximia Ber. and Curt, Phellinus badius (Cooke) Cunn, Phellinus gilvus (Schw., Fr.) Pat., Phylloporia pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Epicrisis. All the fungal specimens are new records to Darapalli Reserve forest, and Kondapalli reserve forest of Andhra Pradesh, Eastern Ghat, India except G. applanatum and D. concentrica. For the first time Cubamyces flavidus (Lév.) Lücking, is reported from India.

This study examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in Central Asian countries as well as validates or invalidates the consistency of the different estimation results, using data, over the period 1992 to 2020. The study achieved this objective by employing various econometrics techniques such as Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) and Fixed-Effects Regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) Cointegrating Regression, Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, and Dynamic Panel-data estimation, One-Step system GMM. An empirical analysis uses the panel Unit Root tests to test the basics of the data unit based on this information. Following the best econometric practices, the descriptive statistics, Correlation matrix were computed to understand the characteristics of the variables and countries under analysis and to ensure that the necessary conditions for the estimation were fulfilled. The PVAR specification was based on the results of the Lag-order selection criteria, and the stability of the PVAR model was checked through the observation of the Instrumental variables GMM regression. The results of this study indicate that the GMM score supports the EKC hypothesis. This confirms the validity of the assumptions in the two inverse U-shaped EKC models between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Central Asian countries and cereal production and agricultural land use. The results of this study show that the GMM assessment. That suggests that governments in Central Asia need to take the necessary initiatives to conserve agricultural land and encourage farmers to increase their arable land to meet the food needs of a growing population.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and diabetic mellitus (DM) are two public health issues that have a significant financial impact on health-care systems. Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer are all symptoms of HCV infections. They've also been linked to the pathogenesis of extrahepatic symptoms, such as metabolic illnesses like diabetes mellitus. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have found that people with chronic HCV infections had a greater incidence and prevalence of diabetes than those of HBV sufferers. Chronic HCV infections are accelerated histologically and clinically and lead to Diabetes mellitus. With the development of novel treatments like as direct-acting antiviral agents that enhance glycemic control in these individuals, therapy has recently progressed.

The future trends from high technology to automobile components industry are analyzed in detail. Put forward to the implementation of their products and put their possibilities into practice. Specific response measures are pointed out in two respects, indicating that they are urgently needed to run the factory products. In additional the products shall be established in Africa in order to promote new and innovation. It can be acquired through train in and between factories besides the school. Due to its low labour and undeveloped industry many opportunity will await us to mine its countless chance and profit. Like in Africa they can loan with urgent and above two because of their development demand. So if endeavor is imported many new project will be found by us together. Let us continue to pay attention to Africa for better benefit and common development. In this paper the development of technology and innovation in Africa has been discussed trying to find their intrinsic relationship from respects of the urgent, high technology & automobile in bank loan. The privilege to these field capital will benefit their development in advance and rapidly which can create many innovations in the course of making goods. We should exploit more wide field for high technological product to give convenience to make them to proceed more innovation technology for Africa and world human being.

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage(PPH) represents one of the main cause of maternal mortality worldwide, most of which occur in low- and middle- income countries. Easy use of uterotonics, uterine compression sutures, and arterial ligation may be used to control haemorrhage. The aim of the study was to evaluate different types of surgical methods of controlling post-partum haemorrhage in tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study. Total number of deliveries from past 5 years conducted in dept of OBGY, smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General hospital Pune, Maharashtra, India were included in this study. Patients records were retrieved. Data regarding type of delivery need of surgical managment of PPH and method used were recorded. Data collected on proforma and the same was analysed using suitable statistical analysis. Results: Out of total conducted deliveries 19673, 163 cases needed surgical intervention to control PPH and achieve homeostasis.

In the Implementation of the principle of restorative justice in cases of criminal acts or violations involving children, the Government of Indonesia has issued Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The problems in this study are what are the current weaknesses of restorative justice policies in criminal cases with juvenile perpetrators and how is the reconstruction is based on justice. The research method uses the constructivism paradigm, the approach method uses sociological juridical, descriptive-analytical research type, with primary and secondary data types and sources in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Methods of data collection by observation, interviews, and literature study, and analyzed using a Qualitative analysis method. The results of this study are 1) The Weaknesses of restorative justice policies in cases of criminal acts with juvenile perpetrators are: a. Weaknesses of the Legal Substance are the unclear regulation of criminal acts under 7 years of age based on Article 7 paragraph 2 letter a, can only be carried out against criminal acts that are threatened with imprisonment for less than 7 years. The modus operandi which is increasingly widespread is also increasingly varied so that it becomes a challenge for law enforcement, especially if the crime is committed by a child. b. The weakness of the legal structure is that the peace between the victim and the child perpetrator is very different when it comes to the principle of the best interests of the child. If the diversion agreement is not reached, there will be great opportunities for imprisonment for the child. c. The weakness of the legal culture is the weakness of the principle of the best interests of the child, which must obtain the consent of the victim and or the victim's family as well as the willingness of the child and or his family. 2) The Reconstruction of restorative justice policies in cases of criminal acts with juvenile perpetrators based on justice are: Reconstruction in Article 10 by adding a sentence in the second paragraph letter d of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.

Introduction: Oroantral communication (OAC) is an iatrogenic complication that occurs most frequently after the extraction of maxillary posterior teeth. Various techniques have been described in literature for its closure. Nevertheless, regenerative medicine has emerged as a novel strategy utilizing bioactive materials such as Platelet-Rich Fibrin in management of oral and maxillofacial soft and hard tissue wounds including OAC. Case Report: The present report describes a closure of oroantral communication using PRF. The OAC occured after the extraction of the right first maxillary molar in a 68-year-old patient. After one month of follow up, the extraction site showed a good healing process without any local or sinusal complication. Conclusion: the closure of OAC using platelet-rich fibrin membrane is a less invasive procedure than buccal sliding flap or buccal fat-pad techniques. It keeps the vestibular sulcus depth. It is also autogeneous and contains growth factors, which helps to accelerate soft tissue repair.

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an uncommon illness of uncertain aetiology that arises between one month antepartum and five months postpartum in women without preexisting cardiac disease. This condition is associated with certain demographic features. There is no data on PPCM prevalence or risk factors in Bangladesh. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for PPCM are the focus of this investigation. Objective: A description of the symptoms and signs associated with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and to find out the risk factors (advanced age, multiparity, multiple gestation, obesity, preeclampsia and chronic hypertension). Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study, carried out in Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi during the period from 01 June 2015 to 30 November 2015. A total n=30 patients meeting selection criteria were included in this study. Results: Total 30 patients were included, 17(56.7%) primigravida and 13(43.3%) patients were multigravida. Nine patients (30%) presented during pregnancy and 21(70.0%) after delivery. All patients presented with heart failure and three (6.7%) were complicated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) at presentation. LV systolic dysfunction was present in all (100%) patients. Two patients had LV clot, and thromboembolic stroke occurred in another 3 patients. Echocardiography was repeated after 2 months and in 22(73.3%) patients LV functions recovered to near normal. All patients were discharged in stable condition. Conclusion: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a disease in which predominantly left ventricular dysfunction occurs in the peripartum period in previously healthy woman. Advanced maternal age, low socioeconomic status, elderly primi gravida and previous abortion play as major risk factors. The clinical course varies between complete recovery to end stage heart failure. Women presented early with moderate left ventricular dysfunction show a very good outcome.

The future trends from high technology to artificial intelligence industry are analyzed in detail. Put forward to the implementation of high technology and artificial intelligence products and put their possibilities into practice. Specific response measures are pointed out in two respects, indicating that they are urgently needed to run the factory products. In additional the artificial intelligence products shall be established in Africa in order to promote new and innovative energy. Due to its low labour and undeveloped industry many opportunity will await us to mine its countless chance and profit. Like south eastern Africa they can live together with better status because of their development. So if endeavor is imported many new project will be found by us together. Let us continue to pay attention to Africa for better benefit and common development. Scheme design should includes cost control which may be evaluated by relative institution. Once it passes by the construction will proceed relative plan to complete the building work. Only it fits to local status can it be done preparation work. For the purpose of the common development we should enhance the technological communication to construct the beautiful world with high artificial intelligence industries in African continent.

The study area falls within the basement complex of northcentral Nigeria and covers four adjacent quarter degree sheets of 126 (Ririwai), 127 (Kalatu), 147 (Lere) and 148 (Toro) in some parts of Kaduna, Bauchi and Plateau States, Nigeria. This paper is aimed at interpreting the Aeromagnetic data to delineate structures in some parts of the Nigerian younger granite province. This was achieved by determining depth to basement, and developing a 2D model of the shape, location and depth of structures in some parts of the younger granite province. The anomalies on the aeromagnetic map were defined by fitting a first order polynomial to the total fields, by the method of least squares to obtain the residual field data. First vertical derivative and analytic signal computed, defined distinct pattern of the magnetic signatures. Depths to the source of the geologic structures where obtained from Werner and Euler deconvolution solutions which gives an average depths range of 231.2 m to 1040 m, with very few solutions having depths less than 200 m, the most prominent structure particularly the Ririwai ring complex have a depth range of 337.5 m to 465.5 m. The depth to basement for Werner solution ranged from 60 m to 420 m and the depth to basement of the contact model is shallow with depth of (60 to 420m) as compared to the dike model (200 to 420 m).

Agroforestry helpful for maintaining the environmental a balance between soil and degradation of hazardous chemicals. Different ecological factors also playing important role in agricultural forestry. Agroforestry has multidimensional approaches for growing the new varieties of plants, cross breeding, and genetic exchange by developing the new varieties of trees. Agroforestry also playing important role in recycling of waste water through efficient treatment water plants. Cacao agroforestry systems are wieldy important in order to grow the specific number of pants growing the different varieties. Consuming of cacao at the optimum level can help with issues such as depression, stress, blood pressure and heart health. Sometimes, nature of soils able to regenerate into new trees. Poorly drained soils, excessive water or insufficient moisture can cause stunted growth and plant decline. Agroforestry strategies such as taungya system and silvopastoral system are reliable for growing the trees. Biofuel for large production of energy in industrials and commercial level by conserving the sustainable development.