As populations' life expectancies continue to increase, a major concern is whether this extended lifespan includes healthy years and improves the quality of life associated with health in old age. The disease-preventative, well-being-enhancing, and rehabilitative benefits of physical activity are scientifically established and widely acknowledged. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical activity of adults who regularly participated in individual exercise programs in a gym. The participants consisted of 20 men, aged 41.8±10.8 years and 30 women, aged 43±10.4 years. Participants attended gym exercise programs a minimum of three times a week. The evaluation was completed in one week. The TANITAAM-120E accelerometer was used to assess physical activity. The level of physical activity was assessed based on the daily number of steps. Results indicated that the participants' average number of steps per day was lower than the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended 10,000 steps for adults. Physical activity did not vary significantly by gender, although women exhibited a slightly higher step count. The results suggest that mere involvement in exercise programs does not necessarily contribute to achieving the recommended levels of physical activity.

Financial analytics in emerging economies is evolving rapidly with the increasing deployment of Management Information Systems (MIS). These platforms allow businesses, governments, and financial institutions to integrate diverse financial data, generate real-time insights, and apply predictive models to support strategic decision-making. Emerging economies face unique challenges such as limited infrastructure, fragmented data flows, and insufficient digital literacy that often restrict the efficiency and transparency of financial ecosystems. MIS platforms provide a structured approach to overcoming these barriers by enabling automated reporting, reducing human error, and supporting more reliable financial forecasting. This paper investigates the role of MIS-driven financial analytics in advancing transparency, accountability, and sustainability in developing financial systems. Through a review of existing literature, we examine how MIS supports credit scoring, fraud detection, SME financing, and policy formulation. We also propose a methodology that integrates data collection, predictive modeling, and dashboard visualization to improve financial governance and investor confidence. While challenges related to cost, interoperability, and regulatory alignment persist, the broader implication is clear: MIS platforms can serve as foundational tools for inclusive and sustainable financial growth, positioning emerging economies to align with global financial standards.

The apparel and textile industry faces pervasive opacity along its global supply chains, with fragmented data across disparate systems, limited end-to-end provenance, and rising compliance and ethical concerns. We present a comprehensive framework called Blockchain and ERP-Integrated MIS (BE-IMIS) designed to deliver transparent, auditable, and efficient supply chains for apparel and textiles. BE-IMIS combines a permissioned blockchain layer for immutable provenance, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) core for transactional data, and a management information system (MIS) layer for analytics and decision support. The architecture supports GS1-compliant data exchange, IoT/ RFID-enabled traceability, and smart contracts to enforce business rules and certifications. We detail the reference architecture, data model, governance, integration strategy with ERP (e.g., SAP S/4HANA), and MIS tools, and provide an evaluation plan along with preliminary findings from a lab-based pilot. Our contributions include [1] a layered, interoperable architecture for ERP–MIS–blockchain integration in apparel supply chains, [2] a scalable data model and smart contracts for end-to-end provenance, [3] a practical integration blueprint leveraging industry standards, and [4] an evaluation framework to quantify improvements in traceability, data integrity, and audit readiness.

Background: Pain is a complex phenomenon that has been effectively managed through various interventions, including opioid analgesics. However, rising opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction have become major public health concerns, with significant physiological, psychological, and social consequences for patients. This challenge also places a financial burden on the National Health Service (NHS) through repeated admissions, prolonged hospital stays, and increased pressure on healthcare workers. While awareness of the need for opioid education has grown in recent years, its application within acute care settings has received limited attention. Objective: This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effectiveness of opioid education in reducing opioid misuse. It aims to identify evidence-based strategies and key educational topics relevant to safe opioid use. Methods: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search of EBSCOHOST, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase for studies published between 2012 and 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (five RCTs and one proof-of-concept study), involving a total of 601 participants. Three key themes emerged from the findings. Across studies, patient-centered opioid education improved knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions, which in turn reduced opioid consumption and promoted safe storage and disposal practices. Essential educational content included information on side effects, risks of misuse, addiction and abuse, tapering strategies, non-opioid alternatives, and safe handling of opioids. Multimodal approaches were consistently emphasized. Conclusion: Evidence highlights the value of structured opioid education in promoting safer opioid use and reducing misuse across healthcare settings. Further research is warranted to evaluate its effectiveness in acute care contexts and within the UK.

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a well-recognized vascular lesion that primarily affects the skin, following the course of three stages; patch, plaque and nodules. It is strongly associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nevertheless, it is a rare presentation in immunocompetent individuals. Case presentation: A seronegative middle-aged Saudi man with history of nasal Kaposi sarcoma, presents with a recurrent dusky brown nodular lesion on the thigh. Histopathologic examination showed a spindle cell lesion with intervening slit-like vascular spaces that are immunoreactive to HHV8. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma can occur and recur in the setting of HIV-seronegative healthy individuals, whom they present with a nodular vascular skin lesion. We recommend the assessment of HHV8 status in such lesions, despite seronegative HIV status.

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a growing concern in clinical dentistry, particularly in the management of gingivitis and periodontal diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key periodontal pathogen, has demonstrated increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, partly due to efflux pump mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic evidence of efflux pump-mediated resistance in P. gingivalis isolates obtained from gingivitis patients. A total of 48 P. gingivalis isolates were collected from 150 gingivitis patients and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. High resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (70.8%) and erythromycin (58.3%), while lower resistance was noted for ciprofloxacin (31.3%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (25.0%). Phenotypic detection of efflux pump activity was performed using the ethidium bromide (EtBr) cartwheel assay, revealing that 62.5% (30/48) of isolates exhibited efflux activity. The addition of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in 73.3% of these isolates, confirming efflux-mediated resistance. Genotypic analysis via real-time PCR (qPCR) quantified the expression levels of two major efflux pump gene systems, acrAB-tolC and mexAB-oprM, in resistant isolates. High expression (≥5-fold increase) of acrAB-tolC was detected in 60% of isolates, while 40% exhibited high expression of mexAB-oprM. Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between efflux activity and acrAB-tolC expression (Pearson’s r = 0.82, p < 0.001), and a moderate correlation with mexAB-oprM expression (r = 0.65, p = 0.002). Overexpression of acrAB-tolC was significantly associated with tetracycline (p = 0.003) and erythromycin resistance (p = 0.01), whereas mexAB-oprM overexpression correlated with ciprofloxacin resistance (p = 0.02). These findings underscore the critical role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance among P. gingivalis isolates from gingivitis patients. The study highlights the need for alternative therapeutic strategies, such as efflux pump inhibitors, to combat resistance. Further research should explore the clinical applicability of targeting efflux mechanisms to improve treatment outcomes in periodontal infections.

Introduction: KMC has been documented as a safe and effective alternative method of care of low birth weight (LBW) babies in developing as well as developed countries to meet the baby’s need for warmth, breast feeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love; improving maternal confidence and lactation and promoting early hospital discharge. [1] In terms of cost and impact on neonatal survival, it has comparative advantages over the conventional method of care (CMC). [2] But still KMC is not a widely practiced method of care of LBW babies in India. This study aimed at reviewing the evidence concerning the progress of KMC implementation and its health benefits especially in India. Methods: A prospective cohort study including inborn babies with birth weight <1800g with their mothers/ care givers was conducted at SNCU, Medical College, Kolkata over a period of 1 year from January to December 2023. Babies with hemodynamic instability and major congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. Results: 480 LBW (<1800g) babies were followed till discharge or 40 week post menstrual age, which ever was earlier. The babies having KMC had significant reduction of hypothermia (p value 0.03) and incidence of sepsis (p value 0.003). KMC was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of mortality (RR 0.7). KMC group had earlier initiation of breastfeeding (mean difference 3 days), increased rate of daily weight gain (mean difference 5.61 g/day), earlier regaining of birth weight (mean difference 5.22 days) and decrease in duration of hospital stay (mean difference 2 days). Conclusion: This study supports the use of KMC in LBW (<1800g) as an adjunct to conventional neonatal care mainly in resource limited settings. KMC has significant positive impact on initiation and sustaining breast feeding, growth parameters and mother infant bonding.

The intricate and bidirectional relationship between nutrition and oral health is a cornerstone of modern preventive medicine. Diet is a primary etiological factor in the most prevalent oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental erosion, while compromised oral health status directly impairs nutritional intake and systemic well-being. Despite overwhelming scientific evidence and consensus from global health organizations, a significant gap persists between the recognized importance of nutrition and its integration into dental education curricula worldwide. This review provides an evidence-based analysis of the current state of nutrition education in dental schools, its impact on clinical practice, and the future directions for reform. A comprehensive review of the scientific foundations reveals the specific roles of macro- and micronutrients in oral tissue homeostasis and the pathophysiology of oral diseases. A global analysis of dental curricula indicates a widespread deficiency in dedicated, clinically relevant nutrition instruction, characterized by insufficient hours, a lack of standardized competencies, and a shortage of faculty with expertise in applied nutrition. This educational deficit translates into a dental workforce that, while acknowledging the importance of nutrition, often lacks the confidence and skills to provide effective patient counseling. Clinician, patient, and system-level barriers further impede the implementation of nutritional interventions in practice. This review examines evidence-based pedagogical models poised to address these deficiencies, including competency-based frameworks, spiral curricula, and interprofessional education (IPE) programs that foster collaboration between dentistry, dietetics, and other health disciplines. Technology and artificial intelligence are also emerging as powerful tools to enhance both education and patient communication. Based on this synthesis, a series of actionable recommendations are proposed for educational institutions, accreditation bodies, clinicians, and researchers. The central conclusion is that the effective integration of nutrition into dental curricula is not merely an addition to an existing program but a fundamental paradigm shift necessary to equip future oral health professionals for a role in comprehensive, preventive, and integrated health care.

Background and objective: The present study provides valuable insights into the three-dimensional positioning of impacted maxillary canines and the associated mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary incisors in female patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential correlation between the displacement of impacted maxillary canines and the dimensions of the adjacent incisors. Material and methods: The sample consisted of pretreatment CBCT images of 28 females Yemeni, with palatal canine or buccal canine displacement (PDC or BDC) unilateral or bilateral, females with mean for aged 23.3± 2.1 years. An independent samples t-test was conducted to examine whether there is statistically significant difference between the means of two independent groups on two different variables. Results: The findings indicate that a significant correlation exists between the positioning of impacted canines and the dimensions of adjacent incisors. Specifically, patients with buccally displaced canines (BDC) exhibited larger mesiodistal crown sizes of maxillary incisors, suggesting a potential predictive marker for this type of canine displacement. In contrast, those with palatally displaced canines (PDC) demonstrated a significant reduction in incisor width, indicating a trend towards smaller tooth dimensions. This observation challenges the prevailing notion that spatial limitations are the primary cause of palatal impaction, as these cases often occur in individuals with adequate arch space. Conclusion: The contrasting incisor dimensions between the BDC and PDC groups underscore the importance of early morphological assessments in predicting canine eruption patterns. These insights can enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform individualized treatment planning in orthodontics, particularly for female patients who are more susceptible to canine impaction. Future research should further explore the implications of these findings on treatment outcomes and the underlying biological mechanisms influencing canine eruption.

In this study, an adsorbent ZnO/GO/Zeolite-A nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using standard methods for the removal of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and chromium (Cr) from pharmaceutical effluents. The synthesis involved a multi-step approach comprising hydrothermal synthesis of Zeolite-A, sol-gel formation of ZnO nanoparticles, and incorporation of graphene oxide via ultrasonic dispersion to enhance surface area and functionality. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results confirmed a well-integrated, porous nanostructure with high surface area and active functional groups suitable for sorption. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of contact time, pH, and temperature. The nanocomposite showed rapid and high sorption efficiency, with maximum removal rates observed at pH 5–6 and equilibrium reached within 60 minutes. The composite exhibits a steady increase from 52.6 % to 100 % efficiency removal of Fe, attributed to its superior adsorption capacity and large specific surface area. The zeolite-A/ZnO/GO consistently shows the best performance compared to individual treatments at all temperatures with Cu, Fe and Cr, showing removal efficiencies of 65.15 % at 50 °C, 75.52 % at 60 °C, and 82.15 % at 70 °C, with synergistic effects becoming more pronounced at elevated temperatures. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The integration of ZnO and GO significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of Zeolite-A due to synergistic effects, making ZnO/GO/Zeolite-A a promising candidate for sustainable treatment of heavy metal-laden pharmaceutical wastewater, contributing to environmental protection and public health improvement.

Objectives: The study aimed to develop and evaluate floating tablets of Boerhavia diffusa extract to enhance gastric retention and provide controlled release for effective management of diabetes mellitus. Methods: Floating tablets were prepared using Trigonella foenum-graecum mucilage and HPMC K100M by wet granulation. Pre-formulation studies, FTIR compatibility tests, and phytochemical screening were performed. The tablets were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, in-vitro buoyancy, swelling index, dissolution, kinetic modeling, and stability studies as per ICH guidelines. Results: All formulations showed acceptable micromeritic properties and mechanical strength. The swelling index increased progressively up to 8 h, with formulation F5 exhibiting the highest swelling capacity. In-vitro buoyancy tests confirmed floating lag times of less than 1 min and sustained flotation for more than 10 h. Dissolution studies demonstrated drug release in the range of 70.61–89.56% over 12 h, with F5 showing the most controlled release profile. Kinetic modeling indicated zero-order release with non-Fickian diffusion. Stability testing over three months confirmed no significant changes in hardness, drug content, or release characteristics. Conclusion: The optimized formulation (F5) demonstrated desirable swelling, buoyancy, and sustained release properties, establishing Boerhavia diffusa floating tablets as a promising gastro-retentive delivery system with potential therapeutic benefits in diabetes management.

Background: Stroke stands as a prominent contributor to enduring disability, inflicting motor and functional limitations upon survivors, significantly impacting their quality of life. Mirror therapy, a cost-effective and easy-to-use method, is increasingly employed in stroke rehabilitation to alleviate sensory-motor impairments and expedite limb recovery. This promising technique harnesses visual feedback to enhance neuroplasticity and boost post-stroke motor function. Method s: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among thirty stroke survivors; participants were assigned to either a mirror therapy (MT) group (n=15) or a standard rehabilitation group (n=15). The MT group underwent five 15-minute daily sessions for 14 days. Baseline data, including Barthel Index and Rivermead Mobility assessments, were gathered pre-intervention. Three-week post-intervention assessments targeted to investigate outcomes of MT in motor mobility and daily living activities in functional independence among stroke survivors. Results: A notable age difference was observed between the intervention (59±7.78) and comparison groups (58.8±6.50). The intervention group showed slightly more effects in Gross Function (d=0.162 vs. 0.132), Leg & Trunk (d=0.191 vs. 0.219), and Arm Function (d=0.323 vs. 0.205). Barthel Index effect size increased from small (d=0.261, CI 0.217–1.393) to large (d=0.172, CI 1.850–4.339). ANCOVA indicated no heteroscedasticity (F=0.704, p>0.05). A strong correlation (r=0.98) was found between daily functioning and motor function gains. Conclusion: MT effectively enhances daily activities in stroke survivors. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between groups in Rivermead scores (t = 0.17, p = 0.87). Yet, additional longitudinal studies are needed to thoroughly assess its impact on motor function improvement.

The convergence of nanotechnology and precision agriculture is redefining the future of sustainable food systems. As global agricultural systems face mounting pressures from climate volatility, resource depletion, and population growth, nanosensors engineered at the molecular scale offer a revolutionary toolkit for real-time, high-resolution monitoring of soil nutrients, crop physiological status, and water dynamics. Despite burgeoning research, a critical synthesis of how these nanoscale devices functionally integrate across the agro-ecosystem from rhizosphere to canopy, from lab to field remains absent. This review fills that void by providing a transdisciplinary analysis of nanosensor platforms, deployment architectures, and data ecosystems tailored for precision agriculture. We evaluate cutting-edge materials including plasmonic nanostructures, electrochemical nanowires, enzyme-functionalized quantum dots, and molecularly imprinted polymers for their sensitivity, environmental stability, and field-deployable form factors. Novel insights are presented on overlooked challenges: nanomaterial aging under UV/soil pH, biofouling interference, energy autonomy for remote sensing, and regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions. Beyond technology, we examine socio-technical adoption barriers and propose scalable manufacturing and farmer-engagement models. This review does not merely catalog innovations it constructs a unified framework for evaluating “agricultural nanosensor readiness,” identifying critical gaps and accelerators for real-world impact. By bridging materials science, agronomy, data engineering, and policy, we chart a course toward intelligent, self-regulating farms where nanosensors serve as the nervous system of sustainable agriculture transforming data into decisions, and innovation into resilience.

Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective community-based strategies can significantly mitigate its impact. This review highlights evidence-based interventions for preeclampsia prevention, emphasizing early risk detection, lifestyle and dietary modifications, health education, and the role of local healthcare policies. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates the efforts of healthcare professionals, policy-makers, and communities is essential to reduce the burden of this condition and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Salmonella, major food-borne illness among human and animals where poultry being primary source of infection. Current strategies, vaccination, antibiotics, feed additives, help to reduce the infection in poultry but insufficient for long-term protection. This study's aim to compare the efficacy of three antibiotics used for salmonellosis treatment in poultry. Experimentally, rabbits (n=12) 8 weeks old, were divided into four (4) groups (A, B, C and D), three animals in each group. Animals initially kept for five days in their respective wooden cages, fed on commercial diet. The blood samples from typhoid infected human patients (n=5) were collected from Jinnah hospital Lahore to isolate bacteria by culturing on blood agar media. Culture filtrate (5 mL) of salmonella typhi was injected to experimental rabbits except control group. After 48 hours collected blood samples of three antibiotics treated groups were subjected for genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification of flipC gene. For experiment trail, the experimental groups were subjected on three antibiotics treatments with oral dose (50mg/kg) for ten days. Group-A (control) untreated, group-B (ciprofloxacin), group-C (azithromycin) and group-D (cefotaxime). During drug delivery, feces of rabbits were collected on 1st, 4th, and 7th day for comparative analysis of drug efficacy by calculating CFU/mL grown on blood agar medium. Body weight analysis showed an increase in weight of untreated group while gradual decrease for experimental groups, which indicated the effect of infection and poor absorption of nutrients. Salmonella infection was confirmed through PCR gene mapping test which was observed in all infected animals. Lesser CFU/mL (68.33) with grey-white colonies were observed in animal of group-B, 107 CFU/mL with opaque colored colonies (group-C) and 89 CFU/mL with moist, circular, smooth convex surface colonies (group-D). Thus ciprofloxacin (group-B) revealed as most effective antibiotic against Salmonella infection with more efficacy. These findings would be helpful for the farmers to use this antibiotic at poultry flocks against salmonellosis.