Impaction of maxillary permanent central incisors is not a frequently reported case in dental practice, but its treatment is challenging because of its importance to facial esthetics. Early detection of such teeth is most important if complications are to be avoided. We report a case of a 14-year-old male with impacted maxillary central incisors. After correct planning of the case, the impacted central incisors were pulled using a combined approach with surgical exposure and the application of an orthodontic force, restoring the patient's function and aesthetics, with good preservation of the supporting structures.

Glomus tumor is a rare hamartoma, most often seen in young females, typically in the subungual region. Extradigital sites like the middle ear are uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific presentation. Glomus tumor is a rare (7%) benign neoplasm arising from the glomus body, a neuromyoarterial structure involved in thermoregulation. We present a rare case of glomus tumor in the middle ear.

Alopecia, defined as thinning or loss of hair, is a condition affecting the hair follicle. Traction alopecia, which is traumatic in nature, mainly results from common hairstyling practices among black women. Conventional treatments, such as minoxidil, have many limitations. This study aimed to formulate hair gels based on pectin extracted from mango and coconut oil, in order to offer a natural alternative for the treatment of traction alopecia. The extracted raw materials were characterized. The pectin gel was prepared at 95°C under agitation at 800 rpm, then dispersed in the lipophilic phase under constant agitation at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain two formulations, B and B'. These homogeneous gels showed instability under centrifugation. Microscopic examination revealed coarse emulsions. Over 28 days, control showed a slight variation in pH, indicating satisfactory microbiological stability. In stability tests at different temperatures, gel B proved stable at 6 ± 2°C, 25 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2°C, while gel B' remained stable only at cold and room temperatures. In terms of rheology, gel B exhibited shear thinning behavior, thixotropic behavior and viscoelastic properties, unlike gel B', which showed predominantly elastic behavior. These results are part of the development of innovative phytocosmetics for the management of traction alopecia in black women.

Sustainable management of fisheries plays a key role in ensuring food security, ecological stability, and socioeconomic sustainability of the world. The conventional methods of monitoring and evaluation are not always sufficient because of the inability to achieve high accuracy, time, and species-specificity. The recent development of molecular and genomic technology has revolutionized the ability to measure, monitor, and preserve aquatic biodiversity in a more precise manner than ever before. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have become the central activities in the dissection of the genetic architecture of fish populations, which has made it possible to identify adaptive traits, as well as population structures, that are important in the management of stocks. The DNA barcoding and environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have transformed the concept of species identification and biodiversity monitoring that enabling non-invasive detection of rare, cryptic, or endangered species. The application of population genetics and genomic selection can again assist in defining the management unit and informing breeding programs that will improve resilience and productivity. Having all these molecular advancements leads to the creation of ecosystem-based management that incorporates genetic information into policy frameworks that enhance conservation, traceability, and sustainability. Fisheries genomics continues to be extended with the integration of the multi-omics platform with the advanced bioinformatics and artificial intelligence that allows predictive and adaptive management strategies to respond to environmental change. All molecular and genomic technologies are a revolutionary direction of sustainable, information-driven fisheries management, which combines the preservation of the ecological environment with human nutritional requirements.

Teacher productivity is a critical determinant of educational quality and student success in public secondary schools, yet Baringo North and Kesses sub-counties face notable challenges in this area, as evidenced by multiple reports of teacher underperformance in various sub-counties. This situation not only impairs the learning experiences of students but also undermines broader educational goals and national development initiatives. As the backbone of educational systems, teachers shape knowledge acquisition and significantly influence student outcomes. Higher teacher productivity is widely recognized to correlate with improved student learning achievements. However, numerous reports highlight instances of teacher underperformance in Baringo north and Kesses sub-counties. The study objective was to investigate the selected factors influencing teacher productivity. The theory which guided the study was the job demand resource theory framework. The study used the concurrent mixed method research design (QUANT + qual). The accessible population of the study was teachers, heads of departments, and principals of the selected schools in Kesses and Baringo North sub-counties. The researcher used Nassiuma's (2000) formula to get the sample size. A sample of 125 participants was selected using simple random sampling, and five key informants were selected purposively. The researcher's supervisors and experts from the Department of Educational Foundations assisted in validating the research instruments (questionnaire and interview schedule) by checking the research instrument against the study objectives. Questionnaire piloting was done in Moiben sub-county to test the reliability. A coefficient of .787 was obtained, indicating the reliability of the instruments. Questionnaires were administered to teachers and heads of departments, and key informant interviews (KII) were conducted among principals. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) and inferential statistics (simple linear regression) were used, while qualitative data was analysed using QDA Miner software. A simple regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of selected parameters on teacher productivity. The results obtained were Y=4.199-.0.049. From the regression model, for every unit change in selected factors, teacher productivity changes by -.0449. This shows that increased selected factors lead to decreased teacher productivity. The results were Y=1.590+.666. From the regression model, for every unit change in the factors affecting teacher productivity teacher productivity changes by .666s. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should work to mitigate the factors affecting teacher productivity in both areas. This will significantly contribute to improving the productivity of teachers.

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are abnormal, epithelialized communications between the posterior vaginal wall and the anterior rectal wall, most commonly resulting from obstetric trauma. They can lead to significant physical and psychological morbidity. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, management strategies, outcomes, and preventive measures in patients with obstetric RVFs treated at HMA Hospital, Marrakech. Methods: A retrospective study of 10 patients with obstetric RVFs managed over a one-year period (November 2023 – November 2024). Data collected included patient demographics, obstetric history, clinical features, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes. All patients underwent transperineal repair using Musset’s technique, with colostomy performed when indicated. Results: Obstetric RVFs accounted for 66.6% of all RVFs operated on in the department. Mean patient age was 29 years; six patients were primiparous. Deliveries occurred at home (3), in maternity centers (3), and hospitals (4). Surgical repair was performed in all patients using Musset’s technique; nine patients received a left iliac colostomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in nine patients. One recurrence occurred in a patient who initially refused colostomy; she was successfully reoperated. Conclusion: Obstetric RVFs predominantly affect the lower two-thirds of the vagina. Surgical repair is highly effective, preventing major complications and facilitating patient reintegration. Prevention through patient education, prenatal care, and improved obstetric services remains essential.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence applications – especially the general public availability of tools produced by Open AI, Google, Anthropic and Meta – have sparked widespread interest and controversy in both academic and popular discourse. Opinion is divided between optimists and pessimists – boomers and doomers – on the potential benefits and harms of the new technology, but there is general agreement that AI tools will have a substantial impact on work, education, science, medicine, entertainment, and general society and culture. In relation to the climate crisis and the need for responses in terms of sustainability changes, AI clearly has the potential to revolutionize efforts in this field, enhancing efficiency and optimizing resource use. However, on the debit side, the huge energy demand of AI development may exacerbate the current state of affairs and result in a disastrous downward spiral of energy overload and environmental degradation. Given these potential dangers, there is a need to locate AI developments within a framework of measures informed by de-growth philosophy which posits that sustainable futures require a re-evaluation of growth metrics, advocating for systems that support ecological balance and social equity. Education at all levels can play a crucial role in integrating AI with a robust and viable sustainability agenda through the fostering of critical thinking and awareness of the sustainability challenges. This article will explore the threats and promises of the new AI developments against the background of sustainability requirements and informed by de-growth strategies before examining ways in which teaching, learning and curriculum may support efforts in this domain.

Postoperative peritonitis (POP) is a serious complication of abdominal surgery, associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome aspects of POP in the visceral surgery department of Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. A retrospective study was conducted on 30 cases collected between January 2020 and December 2024. All patients included had undergone reoperation for confirmed peritonitis following abdominal surgery. The mean age was 47.9 years, with a balanced sex ratio. Major comorbidities included diabetes, obesity, and neoplastic diseases. The predominant causes were anastomotic leakage (43.3%) and visceral perforation (30%). Diagnosis was based on abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and computed tomography (CT). Treatment involved early surgical reintervention, peritoneal lavage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Observed mortality remained significant, influenced by the timing of diagnosis, multiorgan failure, and patient condition. POP remains a major medico-surgical emergency requiring a multidisciplinary approach, early detection, and optimized treatment to improve survival.

Background: Non-medical oocyte cryopreservation (NMOC), also known as elective egg freezing, has become an established reproductive option that enables women to preserve fertility for social or personal reasons. Assessing women’s knowledge and attitudes toward NMOC is critical for enhancing awareness, supporting informed decision-making, and refining counseling practices. Objective: This literature review synthesizes current evidence regarding women’s knowledge, attitudes, and influencing factors related to NMOC, with particular emphasis on gaps identified among Saudi women. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Medline Plus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2020 to 2024. Of the 260 articles initially identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Each study was analysed based on its aim, setting, sample size, and key findings. Thematic synthesis was used to organize results into four main areas: knowledge and attitudes toward NMOC, factors influencing women’s decision-making, factors affecting attitudes, and sources of information. Results: The findings indicate that most women possess limited knowledge of NMOC, particularly concerning optimal age, success rates, and medical procedures. However, attitudes toward NMOC are generally positive, especially among highly educated, employed, and medically trained women. Variables such as age, marital status, education, income, fertility awareness, and cultural or religious beliefs significantly influence both knowledge and attitudes. Online resources and healthcare professionals are the primary sources of information shaping women’s understanding. Conclusion: Although global awareness of NMOC is increasing, significant gaps remain, particularly among Saudi women. Future research and culturally tailored educational initiatives are necessary to improve women’s reproductive literacy, facilitate informed choices, and support equitable access to fertility preservation counselling.

The Amitābha Sūtra, one of the central scriptures of Mahāyāna Buddhism, presents a profound vision of reality grounded in both metaphysical and soteriological insight. From a philosophical perspective, the Pure Land (Sukhāvatī) is not merely a transcendent realm but a symbolic manifestation of pure consciousness, where being and awakening coincide. This paper explores the metaphysical structure of the Amitābha Sūtra through the lenses of Buddhist ontology and phenomenology, emphasizing the dialectical relationship between emptiness (śūnyatā) and luminous awareness (prakṛti-prabhāsvara). It further examines the soteriological implications of faith, vow, and practice (śraddhā, praṇidhāna, caryā) as modes of transformation leading from conditioned existence to the realization of the unconditioned. By situating the Amitābha Sūtra within a comparative philosophical framework, this study argues that its vision of “pure consciousness” contributes not only to Buddhist metaphysics but also to a universal philosophy of transcendence and liberation. The inquiry thereby bridges textual exegesis and philosophical reasoning, revealing the enduring relevance of Pure Land thought to contemporary reflections on being, mind, and salvation.

In Ngandajika (Democratic Republic of Congo), farmers still prefer to grow local varieties, accusing improved varieties of being susceptible to disease, demanding nutrients, and requiring excessive labor. They also criticize these varieties for having large rachises and few grains, requiring labor-intensive shelling, without considering several advantages offered by different improved varieties, such as earliness, yield, and the quality of by-products, including flour consistency. Local varieties are less productive (yield less than 1 ton of maize grain/ha) than improved varieties, whose production exceeds 1.9t/ha when manually weeded and hoeed three times, namely 15, 30, and 45 days after sowing. In the strategy to increase the yield of maize cultivation, the Musangana variety, which is one of the most cultivated varieties, was chosen and the impact of the frequency of manual weeding on the growth and dry grain yield of maize during the 2021-2022 growing season was evaluated; the trial was conducted in the open field at the MPOYI group under a Latin square design comprising four complete random blocks and comprising 4 elementary plots representing the experimental treatments. The treatments consisted of (T0) treatment not receiving weeding, (T1) treatment receiving weeding once, (T2) treatment receiving weeding twice and (T3) treatment receiving weeding three times. The results show a higher yield (1.9t/ha) of dry grains of maize with manual weeding having received weeding three times during the entire growing cycle, followed by 1.5t/ha obtained with those of manual weeding having received weeding twice during the entire growing cycle and 1.1t/ha with manual weeding having received weeding once during the growing cycle. The lowest average is 0.3t/ha on the manual weeding not having received weeding during the entire growing cycle.

Nepal's revised building codes NBC 105:2020 (Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal) and NBC 205:2024 (Ready-to-use Detailing Guideline for low rise RC Building without masonry infill) represent critical advances in seismic safety following the devastating 2015 Gorkha earthquake. This study provides the first comprehensive multi-municipal assessment of implementation barriers and socio-economic impacts across five municipalities in Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) 0.35g zones. Using mixed-method research combining surveys of 245 construction professionals, cost analysis of 30 building projects, and quality assessments, we quantify implementation challenges and their economic implications. Our findings reveal substantial technical expertise gaps, with only 31.83% of respondents demonstrating adequate code awareness. Construction costs increased by 10.98% (NPR 3,160 to NPR 3,505 per sq ft), while training quality directly correlates with compliance rates (90% for comprehensive training vs. 50% for minimal training). We recommend differentiated regulatory frameworks distinguishing residential and commercial construction requirements, coupled with targeted capacity building programs. These evidence-based insights inform policy interventions to balance seismic safety enhancement with construction sector viability in earthquake-prone developing regions.

Manufar wannan takarda ita ce nazartan yadda ‘yan siyasa suke amfani da abubuwa na ɓatanci ga abokan hamayyarsu na siyasa. Tunanin wannan takarda ya taso ne duba da yadda ‘yan siyasa suka mayar da wannan abu tamkar in babu shi to siyasar ma ba za ta yiwu ba. Wannan ya sa aka ga dacewar a shiga cikin ayyukan adabi na rubutaccen zube a gani shin ‘yarfe’ yana da asali ne tun kafuwar siyasar jam’iyyu ko kuwa bai daɗe da samuwa ba? An yi nazarin yarfe a cikin tarihin siyasa da aka kundace a cikin ayyukan rubutaccen zube. An ɗora binciken kan ra’in ‘Tarihanci’ inda ya yi jagorancin zaƙulo tarihin yarfe a harkokin siyasar ƙasar Hausa. Takardar ta gano cewa, yarfe abu ne da ya ginu a cikin siyasar jam’iyyu tun daga farkon lamari. Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu ana amfani da shi domin neman ƙarin mabiya da kuma shafa wa abokan hamayyar siyasa kashin kaji, wanda hakan kan taimaka ga samun nasara ko faɗuwa a zaɓe.

The act of forging seals and documents of state agencies and organizations for the purpose of fraudulent appropriation of property constitutes a serious form of crime, simultaneously infringing upon administrative management order and threatening the security of property relations. In Vietnam, this conduct is primarily governed by Article 341 of the Penal Code in conjunction with provisions on the offense of fraud. However, practical challenges remain in delineating the boundary between forgery and fraud, particularly when forged documents are employed as instruments of misappropriation. This article examines the Vietnamese criminal law framework and contrasts it with the experiences of selected jurisdictions such as the United States, China, and Singapore, thereby identifying both commonalities and differences in the constituent elements of offenses and applicable sanctions. On this basis, the study proposes orientations for improving criminal legislation and judicial practice in Vietnam.

Background: Alpha-feto-protein producing gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive subtype of gastric cancer, associated with poor prognosis. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and hypothyroidism who presented with severe anemia and abdominal pain. Initial imaging revealed a gastric lesion. Serum Alfa-Fetoprotein (AFP) was requested due to a suspicious lesion seen on initial liver imaging, and it was markedly elevated (>9000 ng/mL), raising suspicion for AFP-producing gastric cancer versus liver infarction due to venous thrombosis. Endoscopic biopsy of the gastric lesion confirmed Enteroblastic gastric adenocarcinoma. Subsequent MRI abdomen demonstrated hypermetabolic activity in the gastric lesion and in the abdominal lymph nodes without distant metastasis. Given her frailty and reluctance to undergo intravenous chemotherapy, she was offered oral chemotherapy (Capecitabine). Conclusion: Here, we present a case of AFP- producing gastric adenocarcinoma, a rare tumor that has not previously been reported from the Middle Eastern region, to the best of our current knowledge.