The article substantiates the task of creating and programmatically implementing artificial consciousness (AS), its model and architecture. To solve the problem of creating an automated control system, a platform is proposed that includes ten levels, starting from the basic level of collecting and systematizing information about the outside world and ending with the upper level of human-coordinated impact on it and the level of decision-making. In conclusion, the most important, from the programmer's point of view, properties of the software product characterizing artificial consciousness are given and its model with a fragment of the program code is briefly described.

Heavy metal pollution especially that of cadmium (II), poses serious threats to the environment and human health because of its toxicity and endurance. The synthesis of chitosan from crab shells, a fisheries waste, and its effectiveness as a biosorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions are the subjects of this work. Crab shells were demineralised, deproteinised, and deacetylated to create chitosan, which was then characterised using FTIR to verify the functional groups (-NH₂, -OH) in charge of metal binding. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, beginning Cd2+ concentration, and contact time with adsorption behavior analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models, alongside kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The chitosan exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 714.3 mg/g at pH 8, with 92.5% removal efficiency, as described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.99). Pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.9995) confirmed chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic studies revealed an endothermic (ΔH° = 14.8 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG° = -6.1 to -8.2 kJ/mol) process, with efficiency increasing from 85.3% to 94.7% at 303–333 K. Compared to commercial chitosan, the crab shell-derived chitosan offers a cost-effective, sustainable alternative, aligning with circular economy principles. These results demonstrate its potential for large-scale wastewater treatment in areas affected by heavy metal contamination, and further study is advised to improve chitosan regeneration and modification for industrial use.

The Axillary artery is the primary arterial supply to the upper limb and is classically divided into three parts based on its relationship with pectoralis minor muscle. Variations in its branching pattern are not uncommon and may have significant clinical implications in surgical operative procedures, orthopaedics, anaesthesia, and radiologic practices. Objective: To report a rare anatomical variation in the branching pattern of the third part of the Axillary artery observed during routine cadaveric dissection. Case Discussion: During the routine dissection of an embalmed adult female cadaver, an unusual branching pattern of the third part of Axillary artery was observed in the right upper limb just proximal to the convergence of lateral and medial roots of the median nerve. The third part of the Axillary artery divided into a superficial and deep branch. The deep branch gave rise to subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex humeral artery and then continued as profunda brachii artery. The superficial branch followed the course of brachial artery; entered the cubital fossa and divided into radial and ulnar artery. The left upper limb showed a normal arterial pattern Conclusion: The variations may not have affected the functioning of the upper limb in this female, but this rare variation highlights the need for awareness and knowledge of arterial anomalies in surgical planning, regional anesthesia, trauma management and imaging interpretation. Hence detailed anatomical knowledge can help to avoid iatrogenic injuries and improve outcomes.

The protection of customary intellectual property rights, particularly those relating to traditional knowledge and associated practices, has gained increasing attention in global intellectual property discourse. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization was designed to ensure that indigenous peoples and local communities receive equitable benefits from the use of their knowledge. Cameroon ratified the Protocol on the 30th of November 2016 and has since adopted various legal and policy measures, including the Environmental Management Law and regulations on access to genetic resources. Despite these efforts, holders of customary intellectual property rights in Cameroon such as practitioners of traditional medicine, agricultural innovators, and custodians of cultural heritage rarely experience tangible benefits when their knowledge is accessed or commercialised. This article critically examines the disconnect between the legal recognition of these rights and the practical realization of benefit-sharing. It analyses the institutional weaknesses, legal ambiguities, low levels of community awareness, and ineffective contract enforcement that undermine implementation. Drawing on international standards, particularly the Nagoya Protocol, and relevant national legislation, the study argues that Cameroon’s current framework is insufficient to safeguard the interests of customary intellectual property right holders. It concludes with recommendations for strengthening institutional capacity, harmonising statutory and customary law, enhancing community awareness, and creating effective enforcement mechanisms to bridge the gap between paper-based recognition and the lived realities of indigenous communities.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Despite its severity, the pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains poorly understood, and early diagnosis is a significant challenge. This prospective case-control study aimed to investigate the potential of serum endoglin (sEng), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as diagnostic biomarkers for preeclampsia. The study was conducted at Asaba Specialist Hospital, a tertiary hospital with Antenatal Clinic in Delta State, Nigeria. Sixty participants (30 preeclamptic (on set) and 30 healthy pregnant controls (during clinic) was determined using G*Power Software and were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after approval was obtained from the Ethical and Research committee of the hospital and informed consent taken from participants. Blood samples were collected and stored at above -20°C until analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. The main findings of this study were that sEng, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in women with preeclampsia compared to controls (p < 0.05). The ratio of sEng, IL-6, and IFN-γ between preeclamptic patients and healthy controls was 4:1, 2:1, and 2:1, respectively. The ROC analysis reveals an excellent diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99 for sEng, IL-6, and IFN-γ respectively. This demonstrates the potential of serum endoglin, IL-6, and IFN-γ as diagnostic biomarkers for preeclampsia. The findings support their use in clinical practice to improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of preeclampsia with regards to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and immune dysregulation and may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for preeclampsia, providing avenues for the prevention and treatment of the condition.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly observed in lean individuals, particularly in non-Western populations. In this prospective Moroccan study, 100 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD were divided into two groups: lean (n=50) and non-lean (n=50). Lean patients were older and displayed a lower prevalence of classical cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, they more frequently presented with autoimmune comorbidities, suggesting a distinct immuno-inflammatory background. In contrast, advanced fibrosis was significantly more prevalent in non-lean patients. These findings support the notion that lean MASLD constitutes a separate clinical entity with unique risk profiles, highlighting the need for individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major global health burden characterized by chronic pain, inflammation, and psychosocial stress. While pharmacological approaches like hydroxyurea offer partial relief, integrative therapies including Ayurveda based sound and mantra therapy provide supportive, culturally appropriate options. This paper reviews the evidence and principles behind the use of sound healing, mantra chanting, and music-based interventions in SCD management, highlighting their roles in pain relief, stress reduction, emotional stability, and quality of life improvement.

The Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) has played a pivotal role in transforming Kabaddi from a traditional sport into a highly popular professional league format, attracting mass viewership across India and abroad. The sport’s visibility has further risen with the recent victories of both the men’s and women’s national teams at the Asian Games, which have significantly boosted public interest and fan following. Against this backdrop, the present study focused on examining the performance of the Gujarat Giants (GG) team across five PKL seasons, specifically from Season 5 to Season 9. A total of 166 matches were analyzed, and performance indicators such as Total Points, Total Raids, Total Raid Points, Total Tackles, and Total Tackle Points were taken into consideration. To determine whether performance varied between seasons, an ANOVA test with LSD Post-Hoc analysis was employed. The results revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in all key performance areas across the seasons, highlighting the dynamic nature of team performance. This type of performance analysis is crucial for Kabaddi, as it offers insights that can inform team strategies, enhance player development, and support data-driven decision-making for coaches, analysts, and management. Ultimately, it strengthens competitive preparation in an evolving professional sports landscape.

The main objective of this study is to identify the measurable difference in acoustic behaviour of street cows (Bos indicus) in different conditions. This study analyzes acoustic differences in animal vocalizations, focusing on call duration, pitch, formants, and pulse. Significant variations were observed in call duration, particularly for Low-Frequency Calls (LFC), which differed from all other types. Pitch also varied notably between LFC and High-Frequency Calls (HFC). Formant analysis revealed differences in the first and fourth formants, especially between HFC and calf calls. Pulse rates showed further variation across vocalization types. These findings highlight call duration and pitch as key features distinguishing different behavioural and emotional vocalizations.

This study examines the forensic analysis of a staged vehicle accident, which was ultimately determined to be a case of premeditated murder. Using descriptive and exploratory case study methodology, the research reconstructs the sequence of events using physical evidence, digital forensics and medico-legal analysis. Data was collected from the crime scene, forensic laboratory reports and digital sources including call detail records (CDRs) and mobile tracking. The findings revealed clear signs of manipulation: the victim was dragged and trampled multiple times by a Mahindra Bolero vehicle in an attempt to stage an accident, followed by a fatal blow with a stone. Evidence including blood-stained material, torn clothes and vehicle marks were carefully documented and analyzed. The study concludes that forensic science, through systematic reconstruction and interdisciplinary methods, plays a vital role in detecting and exposing deceptive practices in staged accidents, thereby aiding in the delivery of justice.

Production of biodiesel represents a way to attain economic growth by increasing and securing energy supply for the developing countries, and it can also create job opportunities and an attractive source for the farmers. The research aims to utilize the Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) plant as a valuable alternative for producing biodiesel. The attention was drawn to the Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) due to the plant having the advantage of needing less water compared to other plants. Also, the Citrullus colocynthis plant can be planted in different climate conditions, so it has a good impact on the production capacity. Furthermore, the use of p-p-toluene-4-sulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) as an acid catalyst for pretreatment of Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) is the first time to use the acid as a catalyst with Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) oil to produce biodiesel. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) plant seeds were collected from western and northern Sudan; the oil was extracted through screw press extraction using an oil extractor; and the Citrullus colocynthis oil (CCO) was treated to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) contents before starting the transesterification reaction using 0.3% p-toluene-4-sulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) as an acid catalyst. FFA was reduced to 0.3%, and FFA conversion was 91.76%. The final biodiesel produced was found to be 98.51%. The physiochemical properties of biodiesel were flash point 228°C, measured by the Seta Multiflash Cleveland Flash Point Tester; kinematic viscosity at 40°C, 5.094 cSt, measured by the viscometer (Petro Test Instrument Model TV400); pour point, -30°C, measured by the Cloud and Pour Point Test Cabinet (Norma Lab Analysis Instrument Model P592-France); and density at 150°C, 0.878 gm/cm³, measured by the Digital Density Meter (Petro Instrument Model DMA4500). The results attained in this study conformed to the international standard specifications for biodiesel fuel. The results of this study show that the Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) oil has the potential for use as an industrial feedstock for biodiesel production. PTSA can be used as a catalyst in the pretreatment of CCO via esterification reaction, where it showed very high catalytic activity to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) content in the CCO; also, it has less environmental impact due to its ease of recoverability and reusability.

Introduction: Neonatal lupus (NL) is a transient disease linked to the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies, mainly anti-SSA/Ro and sometimes anti-SSB/La. It manifests mainly by predominantly cutaneous forms and a prognosis dependent on cardiac involvement. Observation: We report the case of a four-week-old girl, born at term (37 weeks + 4 days, weight 2.9 kg), who presented since birth with hypopigmented periorbital macules in a vespertilio pattern. Her 36-year-old mother presented with bilateral inflammatory arthralgias with synovitis of the wrists that had been developing for six months. The infant's clinical examination was normal, the electrocardiogram and echocardiography showed no abnormalities, and neonatal laboratory tests were non-contributory. Maternal ANA was 1/800, anti-SSA/Ro were positive in both mother and child, while anti-SSB/La and anti-U1RNP were negative. The diagnosis was neonatal cutaneous lupus erythematosus in the child and systemic lupus with isolated articular expression in the mother. The treatment combined photoprotection and topical hydrocortisone for the infant, and low-dose prednisone and hydroxychloroquine for the mother. At 1 month, the infant's skin lesions completely regressed without sequelae, the ECG remained normal, and the maternal pain had disappeared. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic interest of photosensitive facial eruptions and the importance of joint management of the mother and child, as well as systematic cardiovascular monitoring of newborns exposed to anti-SSA/Ro.

Thrombocytopenia is the second most common haematological finding in pregnancy next to anaemia. Platelet count below 1.5 lakh/cu mm. It carries a risk for both the mother and the fetus, associated with substantial maternal or neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, a specific therapy, if instituted promptly, improves the outcome for affected patients and their offspring. In patients in India, thrombocytopenia during pregnancy is an under explored condition. After taking consent from patients detailed history of period of gestation, high risk factors, past history, complications-during present and past pregnancy. History of petechiae, bruising, drug usage, viral infection, thrombocytopenia in previous pregnancy will be taken. General, systemic and obstetric examination will be done. All women platelet count estimation at the time of enrollment. Platelet count assessment will be done through automated blood count analyzer with routine antenatal hematological evaluation of the patient. In this study, there were 53.3% cases of mild thrombocytopenia, 33.4% of moderate thrombocytopenia and13.3%with severe thrombocytopenia. Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common etiology .60 % of cases delivered at term, those delivered before term were mostly due to abruption or pregnancy was terminated for obstetric indications like severe preeclampsia, antepartum eclampsia, abruption or medical causes. Mode of delivery is not influenced. GT is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy (70%).

Access to safe and clean water is a major challenge in many rural communities of Abia State, Nigeria. Due to the absence of adequate water treatment facilities, residents in these areas depend largely on untreated surface water from rivers, streams, and ponds for domestic, agricultural, and sometimes industrial purposes. This study investigates the environmental effects of untreated surface water in selected rural areas of Abia State, with emphasis on its physical, chemical, and microbiological qualities, and their implications for public health and the ecosystem. Field sampling and laboratory analyses were conducted on multiple surface water sources in rural communities. The results reveal that these waters contain significant levels of turbidity, suspended solids, and colouration exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. Chemical analyses indicated the presence of undesirable mineral concentrations, including high nitrate and phosphate levels from agricultural runoff, and traces of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. Microbiological tests confirmed the presence of Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and other pathogenic organisms, indicating faecal contamination. These findings suggest that the continued use of untreated surface water poses a dual threat: increased risk of waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid, and environmental degradation including eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and soil contamination. The study concludes that urgent interventions—including community-level treatment systems, stricter water protection policies, and sustained public health education—are necessary to mitigate the negative impacts and promote sustainable water management in rural Abia State.

This study investigated the effect of interlocking board membership on financial performance of publicly quoted companies in sub-Saharan Africa. Ex-post facto research design was adopted and secondary data were obtained from yearly audited annual reports and accounts of publicly listed companies. The study was conducted using sixty (60) publicly listed companies drawn from all sectors in three (3) countries of sub-Saharan Africa namely; Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa, from 2013–2023. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive, post-estimation, and inferential statistical techniques. The estimation technique was the generalized method of moment and the results revealed that interlocking board membership insignificantly influence financial performance proxied by return on assets of the publicly listed companies in sub-Saharan Africa. The implication of the finding is that board interlocking board membership is not a major driver of performance of quoted companies in sub-Saharan Africa. The study recommends among others that interlocking board membership should not be encouraged as the study found it insignificant in explaining financial performance.