Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose. The raised blood glucose level if not properly managed can results in damage and failure of several vital organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-administration of melatonin and magnesium on blood glucose level of streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this aim sixty-four Wistar rats were used in the study. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce chemical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after two weeks acclimatization period in fifty-eight Wistar rats. Fifty-three rats were diabetic and fourty-eight diabetic rats were randomly distributed in eight groups and six normal normoglycaemic rats were used as control. The animals were assigned into nine groups as follows, Normal control group (NC), Diabetic control (DC) group, Melatonin Low dose group of 10 mg/kgb (MLD), magnesium low dose group of 240 mg/kgbw (MgLD), melatonin and magnesium combined low dose group of 10mg/kgbw+240mg/kgbw (MMgLD), melatonin high dose group of 20mg/kgbw (MHD), magnesium high dose group of 480mg/kgbw (MgHD), melatonin and magnesium high dose combined group of 20mg/kgbw+480mg/kgbw (MMgHD) and insulin at 500mg/kgbw group (IN). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections (IP) while magnesium was by oral administration. The control groups were given placebo and all group treatment was for twenty-one days. Blood glucose was measured weekly in all groups by day 8, day 15 and day 22. At the end of the evaluation Day 22, the blood glucose levels showed a highly significant decrease (p˂0.05) in melatonin treatment group at low dose (MLD), melatonin and magnesium combined group at low doses (MMgLD), melatonin treatment group at high doses (MHD) and insulin treated group (IN) when compared with normoglycaemic group (NC) while groups treated with Magnesium at low doses (MgLD), magnesium treated group at high doses and melatonin and magnesium treatment group at high doses (MMgHD) showed no significant decrease (p˂0.05) in blood glucose levels as compared with diabetic control (DC). Melatonin and magnesium co-administration has hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose levels in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic Wistar rats.

Vertical electrical sounding was conducted using Schlumberger array at Ahmadu Bello University site II with the aim to determine seasonal changes in subsurface resistivity. A maximum current electrode spacing of 200 m was used for this survey and measurements were taken twice a month for one year. The acquired data was processed using IPI2win software and subsequently used to determine geoelectric sections. Five geoelectric layers were obtained from the interpretations. The first two geoelectric sections form the overburden with thicknesses ranging from 0 – 11 m and resistivity ranging from 122 to 200 Ωm. The third and the fourth geoelectric layers were interpreted as the weathered basement with thicknesses ranging from 11 – 24 m and resistivity ranging from 178 to 363 Ωm while the last layer was interpreted as the fresh basement with resistivity ranging from 422 to 1574 Ωm. Comparing the depth of interpretation of data in both seasons, the wet season data shows more depth probing which is fairly stable; this could be because the earth subsurface was more saturated and hence more conductive. The dry season data interpretation shows more stability compared to that of the wet data depth interpretation. A strong correlation was obtained from the statistical analysis between depth interpretations of the dry and wet season. A linear regression equation was obtained as y=1.0684x-0.2188 and about 99.97% dependence which show that we can use the wet season depth information to determine that of dry. The wet season is more appropriate for more depth probing with the exception of searching for water table since it rises up during the wet season and that may not be the true water table, while the dry season is appropriate for stability in data acquisition when required in a survey.

Background: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPPT) or Frantz's tumor is a rare exocrine pancreatic tumor, it generally occurs among females within the second or third decade of life. The clinical symptomatology is non-specific, frequently presenting as a slowly growing abdominal mass without any biological abnormalities. The imaging usually shows a well-limited mass with little vascularity. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle aspiration (FNA) helps the diagnosis. The treatment of these tumors is surgical, and the prognosis is excellent after complete resection. We report two new cases of Frantz tumor, detailing the clinicopathological features of this rare neoplasm. Case presentation: Case 1: A 19-year-old woman presented with middle upper abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a solitary encapsulated mass in the pancreatic body. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a regular, well-defined, heterogenous lesion, measuring 50 × 46 cm, in the pancreatic body. endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration was then performed with cytopathological analysis compatible with SPPT. Body computed tomography confirmed the absence of metastases and she underwent a central pancreatectomy. 12 months after the diagnosis, she remains asymptomatic, continuing regular follow-up. Case 2: A 22-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain and weight loss. CT scan revealed a single 5 cm well defined mass in the pancreatic head. EUS showed a well-defined heterogenous hypoechoic encapsulated mass in the pancreatic head, measuring 64 × 44 mm; EUS-FNA was performed and cytopathological analysis was suggestive of SPPT. She underwent conventional cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. She presented septic postoperative complications, with a favorable outcome after medical and surgical therapy. she remains asymptomatic, after 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: Solid pseudo papillary pancreatic tumor is a rare exocrine low-grade neoplasm. EUS is a sensitive tool in the diagnosis of SPPT, identifying and characterizing the pathologic lesions, and allowing EUS-FNA with cytomorphological recognition, making it an invaluable tool for establishing diagnosis, helping clinical management and surgical planning.

POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplasic syndrome associated to a plasma cell proliferative disorder, which is characterized by the presence of peripheral neuropathy (P), organomegaly (O), endocrinopathy (E), monoclonal gammopathy (M) and skin change (S). Because of the rarity of this disease, the small number of cases described in the literature and the polymorphism of the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome remains difficult. The prognosis of the disease is related to the early onset of specific treatment. We hereby present a clinical case of POEMS syndrome in a 41-year-old woman revealed by a polyneuropathy, in order to highlight the diagnostic problems and to raise awareness of this syndrome.

Human T cell Lymphotrophic Virus (HTLV-I/II) is an oncogenic retrovirus known to cause adult T cell leukemia which is transmitted vertically from mother to child and sexually by infected lymphocytes. Studies suggest that the onset of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in patients infected with HTLV-I/II occurs significantly earlier when the subjects are coinfected with S. stercoralis. This study was aimed at detecting antibodies to HTLV-I/II and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae among pregnant women on antenatal visits to selected hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. A total of 188 blood samples and 136 stool samples were collected for study. Five milliliters (5ml) of venous blood was collected and transferred into a screw capped plastic tube without anticoagulant and sera extracted from each participant’s sample and later analyzed for antibodies to HTLV-I/II using double-antigen sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Stool samples were also analyzed using direct stool microscopy and Baemanns technique. Questionnaires were administered for participants’ demographics and assessment of risk factors. Data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS version 17. Human T cell Lymphotrophic Virus –I/II prevalence of 2.13% (4/188) was detected following the ELISA procedures with 1.06% (2/188) indeterminate results. Risk factors assessed had no statistical association with HTLV-I/II infection except for history of cancer in a family. Five parasite species were detected on stool examination with 2.2% prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis. Keeping of pet dogs and having itching around legs were statistically associated with Strongyloidiasis (P< 0.05). Routine monitoring of HTLV-I/II and dewormming of pregnant women on antenatal should be a matter of priority.

Heavy metal ions present in the groundwater are toxic pollutants which contaminated of water is a world-wide environmental problem. This paper studies that an attempt made to adsorption kinetics of Indigo carmine dye from dye effluents onto activated carbon modified with metal chlorides is keen interest. The results show that activated carbon modified with metal chlorides such as FeCl2, SrCl2, and BaCl2 can be used as effective adsorbents for the removal Indigo carmine dye from dye effluents was observed. The kinetics of indigo carmine dye was adsorbed onto activated carbon modified metal chlorides were analyzed using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Results were found to follow pseudo-second order equation.

The middle income trap is a spectre looming up in front of countries who have performed well to rise up to middle income level from the lower income level, and are hoping for a quick admission to upper income echelons. Unfortunately, the trap seems unavoidable for many middle income nations, as seen poignantly in the case of Argentina and even Brazil. This paper tries to pinpoint the performance parameters that distinguish countries such as Malaysia and Chile who have been successful in avoiding getting mired in the trap – and may be now even viewing it nonchalantly as just a mirage appearing during the development process. The parameters identified as probable positive forces include the pillars of the Global Competitive Index, in addition to the usual suspects appearing in economic growth theory and estimations. Estimation of coefficients was carried by cross-country regressions using a sample of seventy upper and lower income nations. ICT adaptation, innovative capabilities, health standards, and openness as represented by FDI and export ratios to GDP were identified as parameters identified as important in closing the per capita income gap towards high income nations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of kinematic variables between two. Back handspring and Forward Handspring performance of 05 male gymnasts of L.N.I.P.E, Gwalior was recorded. They aged between 19 to 25 years. Purposive sampling technique was used for choosing highly skilled gymnast. These gymnasts had 7 to 12 years training experience and were technically sound on the stated skills. Videography technique was employed in order to register the performance of the subjects in Back Handspring and Forward Handspring. The Canon – 70D camera was used with the frequency of 24 frames per second and the subjects were video graphed in horizontal plane (sagittal plane) from the left side. Each subject was given three trails and the best trail was used for analysis. The selected phases were taken out from the video by using snipping tool software. From the photographic sequence, the stick figures of the selected movements and there angles were located by kinovea software. The data was analyzed by using Independent T-Test. There were two skills that were Back handspring and Forward handspring which was further divided into two phases, Initial Phase and Ground Touch Phase and Shoulder joint, Elbow Joint and wrist joint were selected as the angular kinematics variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed that all selected angular kinematic variables at all the phase had shown insignificant deference with the Back Handspring and Forward Handspring. On the basis of results it is concluded that that the performance of any games and sports depending upon the multidimensional factors such as physical factors, physiological factors, psychological factors and so many other factors.

This research aims to find out what economic sectors have the potential to be prioritized for development in Tasikmalaya City. This research uses descriptive and quantitative analysis. While the quantitative analysis used the Location Quotient (LQ) Model, Growth Ratio Model (MRP), and Overlay Analysis. should be a development priority by the local government of Tasikmalaya City, which is expected to increase the rate of regional economic growth in Tasikmalaya City.

Effect of solvent, temperature, pH and time on extraction process of anti-thiamine factor present in Bergenia ciliate leaves was studied. Results showed that extraction of the leaf-extract with ethanol at 40º C for 15 minutes at pH 3.0 had maximum anti-thiamine activity in in vitro experiments.

employee performance with work motivation as a mediating variable for PT Panggung Jaya Indah employees. Quantitative research method with an associative approach was used as research method. All of permanent employees of PT Panggung Jaya Indah were used as a population. Based on the structural equation modeling or SEM model, this research sample was using 235 permanent employees with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The research data was collected through the dissemination of questionnaires. The analytical techniques using Partial Least Square or PLS. The results showed that job insecurity has negative and significant effect on work motivation and employee performance. Otherwise, Covid-19 health protocols and compensation have positive and significant impact on work motivation and employee performance.

This study's purpose is to analyze the impact of world oil prices, world gold prices, inflation, and USD/IDR exchange rates on the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Secondary data was obtained from the London Financial Market Association (LBMA), Bank Indonesia, and investing.com. The variables used in this study are world oil prices, world gold prices, USD/IDR exchange rates, and inflation as independent variables—also, the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) as the dependent variable. This study was conducted using secondary data per month in 2015-2019, non-participant observation with a saturated sampling method of 60 months. The analysis used in this research is Least Square and Autoregressive Moving Average (LS&ARMA) regression analysis. Simultaneous research results show that world oil prices, gold prices, USD/IDR exchange rates, and inflation significantly affect the Composite Stock Price Index (JCI). The study results partially show that world gold prices and inflation have an important adverse effect on the JCI, while world oil prices significantly positively impact the JCI. It is different from the USD/IDR exchange rate, which does not influence the JCI. The practical conclusion of this research is to afford information to investors that world gold prices, world oil prices, and inflation should be considered in making investment decisions in the capital market.

Plants are rich in phytochemical compounds that offer a source of dietary ingredients used to treat various ailments and problems. Among medicinal plants, mint (Mentha species) exhibits multiple health beneficial properties, such as prevention from cancer development and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective effects, as a result of its antioxidant potential, combined with low toxicity and high efficacy. Essential oils from mint have also been found to exert antibacterial activities. Using fresh mint and other herbs and spices in cooking can help a person add flavor while reducing their sodium and sugar intake.

This paper analyzes the three elements of the structure of legal English (conditional sentence, logical connector and and or, modified limit components), and proposes how these three elements can be used in Chinese and English legal translation to avoid ambiguity or error in a long sentence.

This study purposed to determine the impact of the microenvironment on firm value with the macro environment as the moderator variable. This research population is the pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in terms 2015-2020. Samples that suit the criteria are eight companies. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with a multiplication interaction structure so that there were 48 observations. The results showed that the Fixed Effect is the best model. The study results simultaneously show that the microenvironment is measured using investment decision variables, market penetration, and inventory turnover. The macro-environment, as measured using the GDP variable, has a significant and positive effect on firm value. Partly, investment decisions and inventory turnover have a positive and significant effect on firm value, while market penetration has no impact on firm value. Meanwhile, GDP can only moderate investment decisions and inventory turnover and not moderate market penetration.