Leadership is referred to the competencies of a manager or senior to influence the subordinates to achieve a goal set by an organization. Effective leadership helps in developing associations between the employees, resolving conflicts between the team members, and ensures that a constructive environment is maintained within the organization. The adoption of the right leadership style helps in mitigating the crisis and risks that are affected by the organization in the competitive markets. It includes the adoption of situational leadership as a situational leader understands the needs of the employees and makes adjustments in his/her management approach to meet the needs of the employees. The situational leader seamlessly switches between different leadership styles to suit the organizational needs and develop trust and confidence among the followers. It encourages the employees to reach the leader and seek guidance regarding the resolution of difficult situations like risk and reduce it considerably. It helps the team to make the rightful decision and mitigate the risk or crisis.

Four samples of Guadua Angustifolia (Colombian Timber Bamboo) bamboo culms were investigated in this study in order to determine the effects of nodes and other physical properties on the compressive strength. The samples were categorized into two groups; samples with nodes (labeled 1M and 1G) and samples between nodes (internode) which were labelled 1J and 1B. The mechanical properties such as moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of the samples were studied in the laboratory. From the results obtained, it was observed that the density of all the bamboo samples was directly proportional to their respective compressive strengths. Bamboo culm samples from the internode part had a compressive strength that is lower than that of those from the node part (1M and 1G). The culm sample from the node part (1M) had the highest compressive strength of 80.5379 N/mm2 while the culm sample from the internode part (1B) had the lowest compressive strength of 60.8930 N/mm2. The culm diameter, wall thickness and length influenced the cross-sectional area over which the stress was determined. Therefore, the mechanical properties of bamboo are dependent on its physical properties to a reasonable extent.

In the beyond few years, there was a number of interests in and use of particulate delivery structures as immune providers each for small and large molecules withinside the area of drug administration. A form of drug molecule has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that adjust and enhance used inclusive of nanoparticles. In vivo, they were used to protect drug entities withinside the systemic circulation, restrict drug gets entry to sure areas, and distribute drugs at a regulated and constant price to the activity site. Various polymers are applied withinside the appearance of nanoparticles for drug delivery evaluation to increase healing benefit while decreasing side effects. This paper discusses an extensive variety of subjects associated with nanoparticle formulation, characterization, structural effects, and applications in drug delivery and therapeutic gene delivery. This study examines several themes relating to the formation of nanoparticles, characterisation, architectural impacts, and drug delivery and medicinal gene therapy application.

The problem in this study is to find weaknesses of the interpretation of detention by law enforcer in the Indonesian criminal justice system and how to reconstruct it based on the value of Pancasila justice. The approach method used in this study is socio-legal research which relies on the data obtained in the field that are compared to relevant literature and existing laws. The conclusion of this study is that the construction of the interpretation of detention by Law Enforcer is currently not based on the value of justice based on Pancasila, namely detention on the one hand is an authority given by law based on the principle of legality to investigators, investigators on orders of investigators, public prosecutors and judges, but on the other hand, it deals with the deprivation of the liberty of the suspect and the accused. The weaknesses of the interpretation of detention by the apparatus are that the detention of suspects or defendants can weaken socio-economic development as it is not mutually exclusive, but overlapping each other, therefore, the Ideal Reconstruction of the Interpretation of Detention by Law Enforcement Officials in a Criminal Justice System Based on Justice Values Based on Pancasila is to add, with amend, add to, or improve the articles that contain rules or provisions regarding detention.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, total protein and globulin in pregnant Sudanese women to assess the presence of anemia and hypoproteinemia in the second and third trimester. Materials and method: A total of 100 pregnant women were attended at Almadina Arab Hospital in Gezira state, Sudan in the period from December 2017 to February 2018. Their ages ranged from 19 to 37 years old, and they were divided into two groups: second trimester and third trimester. Venous blood samples were drawn from each participant to determine hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, globulin, and total protein levels using a Spectrophotometric method by an automated analyzer (Biosystem A25), and globulin was determined by calculation. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 20 was used to analyze data. Result: In both the second and third trimesters, the mean concentration of measured biochemical parameters were decreased, with no significant difference between the two groups however, the means of ferritin levels were normal. Hemoglobin mean levels were (10.784±1.143 and 10.968±1.570), total protein mean levels were (6.632±0.701 and 6.644±0.631), albumin mean levels were (3.204±0.423 and 3.254±0.420), and globulin mean levels were (3.444±0.661 and 3.390±0.611) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. The mean levels of ferritin were (36.900±1.458 and 39.300±1.591) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Conclusion: Pregnant Sudanese women in their second and third trimesters were found to have anemia and hypoprotienemia.

The present study aimed to investigate whether linguistic differences and distance have any influence on spoken English proficiency among Bengali speakers. In particular, this study tried to find some probable areas of influence of vowel from Bengali to English. It was found that the L1 influence was present in the highly proficient English as a second language speaker. It was concluded that the pronunciation errors were mainly due to L1 interference.

Zoonotic diseases are group of those diseases that transmitted from animals to the human in the form of germs categorized from microbial sources. Rabies is characterized by biting the dogs, cats and transmitted by infections from animal’s surfaces to the human body. Psittacosis is the zoonotic disease that is transmitted by bird’s infections that leads to abnormalities in liver functions. Brucellosis also the zoonotic disease characterized by infections particles in the form of food products. Polluted foods lead to food borne disease. Vaccines are used for the treatment of rabies in order to control the rate of transmission of rabies. The main purpose of vaccines is to develop the immunity against virus and provides long life protection against the microbial environments. Different antibiotics such as doxycycline and rifampin are used for Brucella but increasing the resistance against that drugs leads to challenge the mechanisms of resistance of antimicrobial drugs. There is need to synthesize the genome based drugs that can make certain alterations in genomics of the animals.

Infectious diseases are caused by transmission of infections from animals either in the form of biting of different tissues of human. Infectious diseases are also caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites and transmission rate high such as rabies, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and Ebola viruses. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is involved in the immune responses against the pathogenic attack. Natural Killer T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and interleukins are involved in immune responses. Cytokines releases that causes immune responses by releasing the chemicals. Bacterial infections are those caused by salmonella and E.coli are most common in modern environment. Fungal growth on skin causes different fungal infections that leads to borne of many skin diseases, such as ringworm and athlete's foot. Histoplasma capsulatum affects the lungs in two ways either in the form of acute or chronic inflammation. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most infectious disease widespread caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes lungs and respiratory problems. Different types of genes are involved in immune responses when there is attack of coronavirus to the specific immune cells. Genome editing helpful for editing the specific gene in the microbial cells that causes the inhibition of genes causing infectious diseases.

Environmental conditions include chloride penetration (eg de-icing salt or seawater) and carbonization of concrete. This protective effect may fail, but the provisional quantification of this process to assess the service life of reinforced concrete structures is an important task both in the planning stages of new buildings and in the context of renovation of existing buildings. The application of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch extruded viscous gummy paste (exudate/resin) obtained from the tree was studied in the research exudate/resin. Its utility as an inhibitive material in the curbing of corrosion effect on reinforcing steel built within the coastal region of high salinity. Extracted exudate/rein was coated to reinforcing steel and embedded into the concrete slab, exposed to corrosive media with a high concentration of salt. The experimental data of corrosion potential Ecorr, mV and concrete resistivity, kΩcm of maximum percentile value calculated from the concrete resistivity of the controlled sample concrete is 134.14% compared to the corroded and coated value of -31.11% and 88.07% and the maximum value of the percentile differential from the control is 49.97% compared to the corroded and coated value of 15.72% and 42.9%. The results of the controlled and coated concrete resistivity samples obtained of the maximum average values are 15.05kΩcm and 12.09kΩcm with a description of the value 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to the corrosion value of 8.15kΩcm with Specifications 5 <𝜌 <10 ( high) and with a reference range of dependence between concrete resistivity and corrosion probability significant corrosion probability (𝜌 < 5, 5 < 𝜌 < 10, 10 < 𝜌 < 20, 𝜌 > 20) for very high, high, low to medium and low, for possible corrosion. The maximum calculated controlled percentile value was -66.02% compared to the corroded and coated values 171.66% and -62.28% and the controlled potential differential value was 1.7%, corroded 6.56% and coateded 0.91%. The maximum half-cell potential yields of controlled and coated samples were -107.1mV and -121.98 mV, which showed the relationship between corrosion potential and probability as a 𝐸corr > −200mV as a reference range. The results of this corrosion potential Ecorr, mV result show that the controlled sample values and exudates/resin coated are low with a 90% probability that no corrosion of the reinforcement is observed at the time of measurement (10% corrosion risk, 10% or shows an uncertain corrosion probability for samples that uncoated, the maximum calculated value is -328.22mV, the result is within the reference value of the dependence between the corrosion potential and probability of the value −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicates a high range of values, which is a corrosion probability of 10% or uncertain of the reference range (controlled) shows that the corrosion samples show corrosion as a result of accelerated corrosion induced as compared to the coated samples which show no corrosion. The maximum percentile calculated from the ultimate tensile strength is controlled by 2.99% in terms of corrosion and coating values are - 2.97% and 3 0.01% respectively and the potential differential value of 0.14% is controlled, 0.12% is corroded and 0.09% is coated. The calculated maximum percentile of the controlled yield strength is 9.08% relative to corrosion and coated values are -7.83% and 8.61% and the possible differential values are 1.42% controlled, 0.09% corroded and 4.29% coated. The maximum percentile value calculated to compare the strain ratio was checked at -7.21% against corroded 5.36% and coated -7.23%, and the maximum differential was checked for 0.08%, corroded 0.2% and coated 0.1%. The comparative results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the uncoated (corroded) elements, which damage the reinforcing steel fibers, ribs and passive formation and surface modification. The observed mean values for the coated samples were associated with the corrosion resistivity potential to penetrate the reinforcing steel with the formation of a protective membrane; This attribute indicates the effectiveness of the exudate / resin as an inhibitor against corrosive effects of reinforced concrete structures exposed to heavy marine areas with high salt content. The maximum calculated percentile diameter of the reinforcement after corrosion was controlled 0.368% versus corroded - 0.903% and coated 0.796%, with a different percentile of corroded 0.011% versus 0.007% coated. For comparative, the results of the corroded samples showed a reduction and reduction value compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after the induction accelerated corrosion test with a percentile decrease in value from 0.368% to -0.903% and an average value in the range from 11.98mm to 11.94mm. The cross-sectional area differential in mean values and relative percentiles between coated and corroded samples ranged from 39.02% to -28.07%. ......

Background: Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with endocrine disturbances including male infertility. Vitamin D receptor and metabolizing enzymes are found in the male reproductive system. Expression of Vitamin D inactivating enzyme in spermatozoa may be responsible for sperm motility and vitamin D responsiveness. Vitamin D supplementation may help in improvement of asthenozoospermic infertile males who are vitamin D deficient. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on sperm motility in vitamin D-deficient asthenozoospermic infertile males. Methods: A total of 110 infertile males who had asthenozoospermia and vitamin D- deficiency were included in this study. Vitamin D supplementation was given 40000 IU weekly for six weeks and 2000 IU daily for another six weeks and follow up semen analysis was done after 3 months to analyze the changes in sperm motility. Statistical analyses were carried out by paired t test. Result: The mean age was 33.19±5.81 years (range from 25 to 45 years).The mean vitamin D level was 16.19±3.19 ng/ml before and 32.93±7.74 ng/ml after supplementation, the increase being statistically significant (p<0.05). There was significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm motility (%), 23.58±9.51 before treatment versus 35.29±14.76 after treatment. The changes in progressive motility (18.20±8.15 % vs 28.94±13.06 %) and total motile count (17.10±16.78 % vs 28.52±25.89 %) were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D improves sperm motility in infertile males with asthenozoospermia and vitamin D-deficiency.

The performance of reinforced concrete structures, as in other composite members, depends on the bond between the steel and the concrete which ensures that load is transferred safely between the two materials. The research involved the direct application of environmentally and eco-friendly extracted exudates/resins used to control the effect of corrosion attacks by coating steel with varying thicknesses, embedded in concrete structures and immersed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for corrosion accelerated process. Laboratory experimental samples reflected the acid level of sea salt concentration in reinforced concrete cubes. The data for comparison of maximum obtained values are failure bond load are corroded -41.594% against 78.166% and 80.194% controlled and coated, bond strength is -34.227% against 73.201% and 69.943% and maximum slip are -42.731% against 102.034% and 113. The summarized computed and compared results of failure bond load, bond strength and maximum slip of the controlled, corroded and coated samples showed that the effect of sodium chloride as detailed in the "2.2 Experimental procedures" has adversely affected the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel of uncoated (corroded) samples which has resulted to poor performances, low load at failure state, less bond strength and slippage. The coated samples exhibited the potential of sustaining the negative effect of corrosion on reinforcing steel and by forming good contact and interlock between concrete and reinforcing steel by reducing the stress existing in the concrete surroundings. Results showed that the diameter of corroded reinforcement decreases by a maximum of -0.771% and the coated increases by 0.831%, for the cross-sectional area corroded has a maximum reduction value of -13.163% and the coated increases by 20.74%, the weight loss and increase in corroded is -22.887 % decreased (loss) and coated increased by 34.929% (gain). Regarding the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel, the effect of corrosion on reinforcing steel shows a decrease in the cross section of the rebar diameter compared to the nominal diameter before testing, weight reduction is also observed, an increase in the cross-sectional area, an increase in the diameter and minute increase in weight resulting from coating material as compared with the nominal reinforcement, which is due to differences in the thickness of the layered materials. It can be concluded that the exudate / resin studied has shown effective inhibiting properties against corrosion attack and can be used as a corrosion inhibitor

Background: -Ocular complications are common in diabetes and cataract becomes the major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Objective: Oxidative stress was assessed by estimating lipid peroxidation product (LPO) in the form of MDA and non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamins C in the serum. Methodology: A number of 100 cases of diabetic cataract in the age group of 45-70 years, compared with 100 healthy controls. Results: Serum levels of MDA and Vitamin C between cataract cases and control groups were found to be statistically significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that low levels of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress may have a role to play in the etiopathogenesis of the diabetic cataract.

The study examined the usefulness of exudates/resin extrudes from tree trunk as inhibitive material against corrosion attacks to reinforcing steel embedded in concrete structures and exposed to high levels of salt in coastal marine areas. The maximum recorded average and percentile values are controlled 45.546% against corroded and coated values of 36.881% and 78.747% and with differentially potential values of the bond strength controlled 1.409MPa and 19.437% against corroded values of 0.276MPa and 7.174% and coated values 1.409MPa and 20.317%. The lower load failure characteristic has been attributed to the effect of corrosion attack resulting in rib-less (smooth) and surface modification, the effect of corrosion resulted to the swollen surface with peeled off fibre while coated samples exhibited highly resistive characteristics to corrosion attacks showing the effectiveness of exudates/resin as an anti-corrosive material in curbing the scourge and menace faced by reinforced concrete structures built in the coastal the marine region with unique and severe characteristics of high salinity. Comparatively, obtained results showed decreased slippage failure load exhibition by the corroded samples over the controlled and coated samples with a highly lower value range to the reference with coated samples exhibiting higher slippage failure load with increased values over-controlled. From the result of average values and percentile values difference, the failure bond load, bond strength, and maximum slip all failed at low load applications with decreased percentile values compared to controlled and coated concrete cube samples. This reduction in rebar diameter and the cross-sectional area has resulted in higher failure bond loads, lower bond strengths, and lower slippages, and these characteristics revealed the effects of corrosion on the reinforcing steel that resulted from surface modification, reduction of rebar fibre, and high yield to load applications. From the results obtained and presented in the figures, the effect of corrosion on uncoated and coated reinforcing steel are enumerated, in figures 3 and 6b on the diameter of rebar, it can be seen that the diameter of uncoated decreased by the maximum value of -0.841% and coated increased by 0.922%, for the cross-sectional area, corroded has maximum reduction value -20.649% and coated increased by and 26.022%, weight loss, and gain are corroded -19.905% decreased (loss) and coated 36.334% increase (gain).

The global relevance of policing and the police institution has been duly recognized. However, the Nigerian society witnessed a massive increase in crime which has called for a review of the existing paradigm of crime management. This paper makes a case for the adoption of intelligence-led policing. The paper explores the role of the Nigerian Police in crime management and further details some of the challenges limiting the effectiveness of the police force from adequately achieving their primary responsibility of protecting life and property. The paper operationally clarified the concepts of crime management and intelligence-led policy before adopting the functionalist perspective as the theoretical framework for the paper. Conclusively, the paper argues for adoption of an intelligence-led policing system to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Nigerian police in fighting crime in Nigeria.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were used. The bioactive compounds Extracted from M. oleifera leaves by using many solvents, ethanol, ethyl acetate, water and methanol. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera leaves were carried out using standard procedures to identify the constituents of bioactive compounds (Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins and Phenols). The methanol crude leaves extract were used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on E.coli and Klebsiella by using the method of Greenwood as well as the inhibitory zone. Results; this study shown that the extract is active against bacterial isolates, whereas the inhibitory effect of the isolate is dose depending, where higher activity was clear by dose 200 mg/L. Also, the sensitivity of the bacterial isolate to the extract differs whereas Klebsiella is more sensitive to the extract with average zone 3.73 mm while E. coli less sensitive by average zone of inhibition 3.47 mm at a maximum concentration 200mg/Lin comparison with a control.