Despite growing awareness of diversity deficits in the media and entertainment industries, women remain significantly underrepresented in technical and creative leadership roles within the visual effects industry. This paper investigates the systemic barriers and gendered career pathways that shape women’s experiences in roles such as compositors and supervisors drawing exclusively on secondary literature embedded within qualitative and quantitative studies. The findings reveal persistent patterns of occupational segregation, pipeline leakage, and symbolic marginalization. Women face challenges in attaining leadership legitimacy due to role incongruity, lack of sponsorship, and crediting practices that systematically obscure their contributions. Additionally, women of color remain virtually invisible in supervisory positions, underscoring the compounded exclusions at the intersection of race and gender. Through thematic synthesis and representation analysis, the study highlights four major barriers: role incongruity, work-life strain, professional leakage, and recognition deficits. It also outlines coping strategies employed by women to navigate institutional constraints, including behavioral adaptation, informal leadership, and horizontal mobility. Two analytic tables summarize disparities in gender representation and the structural barriers women confront across VFX roles. The paper concludes with targeted policy recommendations emphasizing mentorship infrastructure, inclusive credit systems, and reform of recognition practices. These interventions are critical to fostering equitable career advancement and institutional visibility for women in this male-dominated industry.

A cocktail made with the extract of three medicinal plants (Spondias mombin, Vernonia amygdalina and Momordica charantia) is widely used in the traditional Ivorian pharmacopeia for the treatment of various illnesses and brain disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible preventive effect of the hydroethanolic extract of the cocktail on anxiety and depression as well as memory disorders related to abrupt withdrawal from chronic alcoholism using a Mice model. Adult mice were either with vehicle (phosphate buffer saline, 1 ml/100 g, p.o.) or 20% of alcohol drink (2g/kg, p.o) for 28 days. Some alcoholic mice were concomitantly treated with cocktail extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o). Twenty-four hours later, anxiety and depression-like behavior, and memory abilities were assessed with behavioral tests. The level of oxidative stress markers such as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-protein-thiol (NP-SH) were assayed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The results showed that the cocktail extract significantly prevented at dose-dependent manner the abrupt alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior. In addition, the cocktail extract significantly improved the spatial learning and reference memory deficits observed in alcoholic mice. The results also revealed that the cocktail extract significantly mitigated the MDA and NO content, but in same time increased the level of NP-SH in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex when compared to chronic alcoholic mice. Our finding provides evidence that the cocktail of the three medicinal plants has neuroprotective effects against alcohol withdrawal symptoms and confirms its traditional use to relieve cognitive-affective disorders.

Thyroid benign nodules (TBNs) are the most common lesions of this endocrine gland and are prevalent diseases around the world. Among TBNs the colloid goiter (CG) and thyroid adenoma (TA) are very frequent diseases. An evaluation of the variant of TBNs is clinically important for subsequent therapeutic interventions, as well as for more clear understanding the etiology of these disorders. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine differences in the content of silver (Ag), bromine (Br), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), iodine (I), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), rubidium (Rb), ammonium (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) in tissues of CG, TA, and T. Thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) were prospectively evaluated in 46 patients with CG, 19 patients with TA, and 12 patients with T. Measurements were performed using non-destructive energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescent analysis combined with instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short- and long-lived radionuclides. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChE analysis. It was observed that in CG, TA and T tissues content of Ag, Br, and Hg was significantly higher, while level of I was lower than in normal thyroid tissue. In addition to these ChE, in CG and TA samples content of Cl, Cr, and Na was higher than in normal gland. ChE composition of T tissue differed from CG and TA tissues by elevated Rb level and reduced Se and Zn levels. The abnormal increase in Ag, Br, Hg level and decrease in I level in all TBNs might demonstrate an involvement of these ChE in etiology and pathogenesis of TBNs. In addition, elevated levels of such ChE as Cl, Cr, and Na can be also important for goitrous and adenomatous transformation of thyroid. It was supposed that elevated level of Rb and reduced levels of Se and Zn content in thyroid with T could possibly be explored for differencial diagnosis of T among other TBNs.

Vegetable oil-based fuels are promising alternative fuels for diesel and light fuel engines because of their environmental and economic strategic advantages. In this study, we prepared the biodiesel from Congolese underutilized, nonedible Oleaginous Plant A. floribunda Oliv, and we determined its physicochemical properties according to the international standards for biodiesels and petro-diesels. A. floribunda oil was extracted and transesterified by alkali-catalyst using methanol with KOH as catalyst. The maximum yield of the obtained fatty acid methyl ester FAME (biodiesel) was 87.23%. The GC-MS Chromatography of the obtained fatty acid methyl ester FAME (biodiesel) showed the presence of Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid in the quantity of 61.68, 35.20, 1.15, 1.27 and 0.68%, respectively. Physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, flash, cloud and pour point; ash, water and sulfur contents; and corrosion on copper) values of Biodiesel (B100), and B20 (FAME blend in Gasoil), were within the range of values set by the international standards specifications of Petro-diesel and biodiesel (American Standard: ASTM D-6751 and European Standard- EN 14214). Thus, these two types of biodiesel (B100 and B20) could be used in a diesel engine in substitution of the Petro-diesel (Gasoil).

Tobacco smoke is complex mixture, which is major source of toxic chemicals. Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. According to WHO estimations, 5.4 million premature deaths are derivative to tobacco smoking. The most frequent causes of tobacco-related death are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease and several types of cancer. Smoking negatively associated with the bone mineral density of the entire hip and femoral neck, and the exposure time was negatively associated with the bone mineral density of the total hip, femoral neck, spine, lumbar and the whole body. Smoking decreases the mechanical strength of the regenerating bone and postpones the mineralization, Indirect actions on adrenocortical hormones, sex, intestinal calcium absorption, vessels, oxygen supply, vitamin D, increased incidence of fractures and the loss of bone mineral content.

The grains of guar are dehusked mechanically, milled, hydrated and screened according to their use. The guar gum has many industrial applications. It is self-pollinated annual plant having 14 (2n) chromosomes number and belongs to family Fabace. Genus Cyamopsis belongs to sub-family ‘‘Papilionaceae’’ and the tribe ‘‘Indigofereae’’. In the textile industry, it is used in sizing, printing and in finishing. In the paper industry, enhances the sheets formation, folding and gives denser surface for the printing. In the explosion industry, it is used as a waterproofing agent. In milk products it is used as a binding agent. Their genetic diversity can be used as an active tool to predict the association between various characters in genetically different population for improvement of crop enhancement practices. Its yield with different chemical compound trait and is recognized to be related with a number of constituent traits and is extremely affected by environmental deviations. These traits are themselves consistent. The correlation is very significant in plant breeding for its consideration in dependency among two or more characters.

Fibro osseous lesions are poorly defined group of lesions, characterized by replacement of normal bone by a benign connective tissue matrix. Fibro osseous lesions of jaws such as Fibrous Dysplasia, Osseous Dysplasia and Ossifying Fibroma. Theses lesions have common characteristics that include common clinical, radiographic and microscopic features. Clinicians and pathologist experience difficulty in diagnosis and differentiation due to its significant overlapping of clinical and histological features. Many diagnostic terms have been used for these lesions in the literature. Therefore, proper categorization requires good correlation of the history, clinical findings, radiographic characteristics, operative findings and histologic appearance. Theses lesions have undergone frequent renaming and reclassification due to its varied features. This revies article is an attempt to simplify the understanding of this diverse group of lesions.

Nanotechnology as multidisciplinary branch helpful in designing of variety of semiconductor such as transistors, switches depending upon the nature of particular materials composed of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction is also used for measuring the different properties of nanoparticles also used for characterization of nanosacle materials. Silver and gold nanoparticles formulations can be easily accessed through the different methods such as lithographic and vacuum deposition of metal, but expensive techniques. There are many other techniques for instrumental manufacturing leads to accurate determination of thickness, roughness, and density of nanoparticles. X-ray reflectometry determines layer thickness, roughness, and density while on the other hand; high-resolution diffraction can measure the lattices properties and dimensions of nanoparticles. LEDs, different types of diodes, solar cells synthesized based on nancapsules and quantum computing. Photovoltaic cells can be synthesized through nanotechnology by employing high quality materials due to thermal and mechanical properties. Nanotechnology in electronics in designing of electronics devices by increase the shelf life of memory chips.

The educational environment is the general atmosphere of a learning space. A safe valued, participatory education environment supports autonomy and influences learning, achievement, and satisfaction. Education institutions aspire to provide a positive educational environment and quite often, seek feedback from learners to assess the quality of the education environment. Gender segregation is a norm in the Saudi Arabian education system. Educational institutions in Saudi Arabia do make efforts to establish a similar education environment across male and female campuses. Using a cross-sectional survey approach, learners' perceptions of the educational environment at one of the public Universities in the Asir region in Saudi Arabia were assessed with a purpose to generate a profile of the institution’s strengths and limitations. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM), a generic tool was administered to learners enrolled in twelve undergraduate health professional programs, in the year 2017-2018. A total of 646 learners responded to the survey. The majority of the learners perceived the education environment as 'more positive than negative'. None of the items had a mean score of 3.5 and above, indicating 'no strengths'. Fourteen 'problem areas' were identified. Gender differences in the perceived education environment were noted in the Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Physiotherapy, and Doctor of Pharmacy programs. Male learners perceived the educational environment across programs alike. However, female learners did not. DREEM was useful to identify the priorities in planning appropriate measures to improve the education environment.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, life-threatening, autosomal-recessive disorder among Caucasians. Some of the mutations are very rare, and some represent individual sequence changes in the gene. In this case report, we present the dental treatment of CF in a 5 years old Saudi female. She has poor oral hygiene, poor dietary intake, generalized mild plaque induced gingivitis, multiple carious teeth, and a negative behavior. In addition, clinical and radiographic examinations indicated the presence of taurodontism and congenital absence of lingual frenum. We discuss the effect of the disease process on dental and oral health and management in the dental setting.

The Nb was the most effective alloy elements of Ti3Al alloy on RT plasticity in the late 1970’s. The effects of Nb content in as cast α2 based Ti-25at.%Al-(11-16)at.%Nb alloys made by plasma arc melting on structures and mechanical properties were studied in this paper. The Prior /α2 grain boundaries were found to increase both ductility and strength. The size of α2 plates resulted in finer α2 cleavage facet which would be fine when Nb content was increased. They would cause high fracture strain and strength in high Nb content alloys. The lattice ratio of 2 phase will be decreased when the Nb was increased. It was supposed that the Nb could substitute for the Ti so that the distance of a axis between atoms would be increased. According to Hall-Petch formula with σ=σ0+kD-1/ the grain boundary int these three alloys was calculated and knew that σ0 is 168MPa, K is 10.8MPam-1/2. The effective turn of four respects is lattice constant c> c/a> V> lattice a in terms of variance method with the deviation in these three alloys that means that lattice c is the best one and then c/a& V and finally lattice a in terms of deviation.. It was found the calculated value c/a is 0.81 meantime volume of unit has been 0.42nm3 and their standard deviation is about 0.16% and 0.32% respectively. It expresses that the later volume is not preciser than the former c/a.

Proportional equalance in all dimensions i.e transverse, vertical and sagittal, is the foundation for a well-balanced face. In a broader perspective, the vertical dimension is important in determining the harmony and esthetics of the face. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dental arch dimensions and vertical facial morphology in Class II Div 1 subjects as determined by the Jarabak ratio and examine the differences in dental arch dimensions between untreated male and female adults. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 60 Indian patients in the age group 18-26 years were taken, The Jarabak ratio was measured on cephalograms of each patient. Based on the measured values, the subjects were divided into three groups – hypodivergent, normodivergent, hyperdivergent growth pattern. Study models were used for measuring the arch dimension. After using One Way ANOVA test, Student’s t-test, Post Hoc Tukey test we obtained the results. All statistical analysis done using the software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows - Version 20.0): Results: After analysing the observations, the following results were obtained: 1)Arch perimeter is highest in normodivergent groups. 2)Intercanine, first intermolar is highest in normodivergent male groups. 3)First intermolar, arch length is highest in normodivergent female. 4)Overbite is highest in hypodivergent groups. 6)Palatal height and Jarabak’s ratio is highest in hypodivergent females. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that the vertical face morphology and gender is associated with dental arch dimension. Thus, customization of archwires and using individualized arch wires according to each patient’s pre-treatment arch form and arch width is beneficial during orthodontic treatment.

Background: While the association between perceived stress and non odontogenic conditions are well document, little is known as regard association between odontogenic conditions and perceived stress. This study therefore aimed to assess determine relationship between odontogenic conditions and perceived stress among dental patients in the University of Benin Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study on randomly selected samples of patients aged above 18years from April to September 2019. The data collected were age, gender, smoking habit, socioeconomic status, and the levels of stress perceived. The result of continuous data was presented as ranges and mean±SD while that of categorical data was presented as frequency and percentages. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done using SPSS Version 20. A P-Value less than 0.005 was taken as significant. Results: All the 79 respondents approached agreed to participate in the present study giving a response rate of 100%. The age ranged from 17 to 79 years with a mean age of 36.1±16.9 years. There were 50.6% males and 49.4% females. There was no patients that had high level of stress, however, over half of the patients (60.8%) perceived moderate level of stress. The mean PSS score for the study sample was 5.09±2.79, with a range of 0.00 - 10.0. In the univariate analysis, the age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking habit, and dental conditions was observed not to be statistically significant with the PSS score (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Most patients that present with dental conditions in our study were moderately stressed with none seen to be highly stressed. The level of stress was not associated with age, gender, socio-economic status as well as the dental condition in the present study.

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics has become a global phenomenon. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is recognized as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding to antibiotic use among Libya population. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done online through Google forms from April to December 2020. Questionnaire was sent to general population across Libya by sharing link through popular social media groups. Results: A total of 1600 responses were received from different cities across Libya. The average age of respondents were 30.53 years and 71.4% of respondents were female. The study revealed that only 68.7% (n = 1099) of the response had high knowledge; on the other hand, about 31.3% (n = 501) of the response had low knowledge about the antibiotics. This study showed that 57.6% (n= 922) of the response had correct practice using antibiotics, and 42.4% (n= 678) of the response had incorrect practice using antibiotics. Only 32.1% (n = 513) of the response was found to have a good attitude; in contrast, 67.9% (n = 1087) of the response had a bad attitude toward antibiotics used. The majority of the participants 68.7% consumed antibiotics during the past year, 35% of participants consumed antibiotics without a medical prescription. The most common reason for usage was the common cold. Conclusion: This study provides a baseline of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding antibiotics among the Libya community. Our population has sufficiency level in their knowledge toward antibiotic uses; expressed poor attitudes, as well as many had bad practices of antibiotics use. This finding will be useful in designing effective and targeted interventions to decrease misconceptions about antibiotic use and to increase awareness about the risks of inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community.

The study explored the psychosocial challenges and their effect on the academic pursuit of 196 Senior High School students in the Nanumba North Municipality of Ghana using the concurrent mixed method design. Structured questionnaire and an interview guide were employed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Stratified random sampling technique was used to enrol 196 respondents for the study. Quantitative data was analysed using independent samples t-test and simple linear regression while the interview data was analysed thematically with verbatim quotes to buttress issues as they emerged. Findings revealed that stress, depression, anxiety, aggression, bullying and hyperactive behaviours, poor self-concept, poor self-esteem and lack of confidence were psychosocial challenges confronting Senior High School students in the said district. No significant gender difference, in terms of psychosocial challenges among students, was found. However, psychosocial challenges significantly affected the academic pursuit of these students. It was recommended that management of Senior High Schools, in collaboration with counsellors in the Municipality, should be proactive in identifying students who are faced with psychosocial challenges and offer them the necessary counselling they need in order to facilitate their maximum adjustment in school.