There’s an old saying, “A robber demands your money or your life, but a quack demands your money and your life!” Quackery is a community-wide public health problem that should be precise and clearly defined. Health professionals have a duty to take action when the public is being abused in an area due to unethical practices performed by a quack. The failure to take collective and co-ordinated actions against quackery sends an unprofessional message. Quackery should be penalized under the law. As with any other public health problem, an epidemiologic strategy is needed to develop information on casual agents and aspects that favor or discourage the proliferation of quackery. This case reports one such case caused due to the menace of a dental quack.

This study examined the relationship between job security and organizational citizenship behaviour in Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional research survey design. Primary source was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The population of the study was 202 employees of 21 Deposit Money Banks in Port Harcourt. The sample size of 134 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70 to be selected. Data generated was analyzed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics. The finding revealed that there is a significant relationship between job security and organizational citizenship behaviour in Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. The study thus concludes that job security significantly influences organizational citizenship behaviour in Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. The study recommends that Deposit Money Banks should strive to provide job security to their employees as it has a positive and significant impact on organizational citizenship behaviour.

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder in reproductive age women. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance. Some of the PCOS women also have thyroid dysfunction. There are variable and controversial findings regarding the association of thyroid stimulating hormone with insulin resistance. The objective of our study was to analyze the relation between thyroid stimulation hormone with insulin resistance in patients with PCOS. Methods: The case control study was carried out on 216 reproductive age women with PCOS. Insulin resistance was measured by Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and those with HOMA-IR more than 1.9 were defined as having insulin resistance. PCOS women with insulin resistance were cases (n=108) and those without insulin resistance were controls (n=108). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was assessed in both groups.Association of thyroid stimulating hormone with insulin resistance was analyzed. Result: The mean serum TSH level was significantly more in insulin resistant PCOS women (3.87±3.44 mIU/L) than those without insulin resistance (2.29±1.66 mIU/L). Hypothyroidism (TSH >2.5 mIU/L) were present in 63.9% of insulin resistant PCOS women compared to 31.3% of those without insulin resistance. The odds of hypothyroidism (TSH level >2.5 mIU/L) was 4.19 times more in insulin resistant PCOS women. Conclusion: There is significant positive association of hypothyroidism with insulin resistance in PCOS.

By the year 2022, the Constitutive Act of the African Union (AU) would have been in operation for twenty years. One of the major bases for cooperation under the new institutional framework of the AU was that all member States of the union had to observe some fundamental norms, values and standards including but not limited to, respect for human rights, democratic governance and the total condemnation of unconstitutional change of government. If a member state fails to observe this standard, she could be subjected to political, economic and social sanction. The Constitutive Act of the AU in its Article 4(h) states that the AU has the right of intervention in a member State pursuant to a decision of the Assembly in respect of grave circumstances, namely; war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity and by the Article 4(j) of the same Act, a member State can even request for intervention from the union in order to restore peace and security. In the light of these provisions, the AU has intervened in some countries e.g. Burundi, Comoros and Mali among others through peacekeeping operations. This article will therefore critically analyze the challenges and emerging issues faced by contingents to these peacekeeping mission fields.

Background: Sertraline is an antidepressant drug from the family of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and is used in the treatment of depression. Aim: The aim of this work was to develop a sensitive, precise, accurate, and specific analytical method for quantitative estimation of sertraline in pharmaceutical product for the purpose of using it as a quality control tool for testing sertraline products pre and post-market distribution, ensuring the presence of claimed drug amount in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: Sertraline estimation in commercial drug products administered in hospitals and community drugstores and prescribed to patients through the development of an in-house High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method to contribute with a validated, specific and sensitive method to literature methodologies. Results: The method is sensitive, specific, and selective, and showed linearity R2>0.999 within concentration range of 2.5 to 100 µg/mL for dissolution medium USP (pH 4.5), pH1.2, and 6.8. Accuracy results within the range of 98% - 102%, precision CV% less than 2%. The assayed tablets mean recovery is 100.676%. Moreover, the dissolution results meet the required 80 percent dissolution limit within 30 minutes for the USP dissolution medium (pH 4.5). Conclusion: The analytical method developed is very sensitive and totally validated for use in the quantitative analysis of sertraline.

The study outcome measure was, to find out the relationship between the Drug interactions and polypharmacy and other factors such as age, gender, hospital stay. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in general medicine department of tertiary care teaching hospital, Ongole, over a period 6 months. All the patients admitted to the general medicine department were included using appropriate criteria and analyzed for Drug–Drug Interactions (DDIs). These drug interactions in the study were analyzed using the Micromedex Drug Interactions. 905 cases were screened for DDIs, among them 45% of cases with more than 1DDIs. With a total of 848 interactions, aspirin + clopidogrel is the most common interaction pair and is reported by 10.81%, while atorvastatin + clopidogrel is the second most common interaction pair with 9.03% prevalence. 5% of the incidence of interaction was observed in the cases of 408 cases. The regression analysis results the significance level at 95% Confidence Interval (p≤0.05) of DDIs and polypharmacy. This study concludes that there is a significant association between prescription drugs and DDIs. This type of study helps improve the quality of life. Estimating the most common DDIs can assistance the medical practitioner to recommend the minimal risk prescriptions and the combination of drugs.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from either a deficit in insulin secretion (type 1) or a function (type 2) that results in an increased level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for developing many serious complications including microvascular, macrovascular, decreased reproductive activity, and frequent infections. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness level regarding DM risk factors, symptoms, signs, management, and complications in both the diabetic and the nondiabetic population. Method: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among the general population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2019. A total of 24 questions from a pre-piloted questionnaire were interpreted into Arabic. The questionnaire contained a series of questions arranged in four parts: Assessing DM general knowledge, risk factors, symptoms, and complications. Result: This study included 1324 participants; 52.5% were female. The largest age range among the participants (41.5%) was 15–23 years, followed by the 44–53 (18.8%) year age group. Regarding the questions answered correctly: a total mean score achieved by the whole population was 13.9 ± 3.6 out of 19 points (73.9 ± 19.3%). The diabetic participants achieved higher scores than the nondiabetics in each category. Conclusion: The study found that the largest gap in knowledge regarding DM is in the knowledge of its complications. The role of health education needs emphasis at all levels starting with schools and universities. This is in addition to general public health education, distributing knowledge through brochures and social media.

Carbon nanotubes were introduced in the 21st century into biomedicine for the delivery of therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging agents. CNTs are unique one-dimensional structures having fascinating physical, mechanical and chemical properties and also drug loading properties. Ease in cellular uptake allows them to be explored for a wide range of applications in biology and medicine. This current review is an informative compiling of the origin of CNTs, and how CNTs are used in different aspects of biomedicine including drug delivery and cancer treatment, bio-sensing, biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. The current review also focuses on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and metabolism of CNTs and discusses the potential advantages and obstacles associated with biomedical applications.

With the further development of cultural diversification, cultural conflict and integration has become a major issue of worldwide concern. This paper selects the representative characters from The Joy Luck Club, and analyzes the cultural differences from three perspectives: conflicts between mother and daughter, husband and wife, and between friends. By comparing the cultural differences between China and the West, the paper also gives suggestions on the strategies of intercultural communication.

Background: Patients suffering from Lateral Epicondylitis experience restriction in their daily activities due to the pain and dysfunction. Though the condition does not lead to disability, it limits functionality. The condition can be treated effectively in a primary health care environment. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the functional outcome of lateral epicondylitis patients after 6 weeks of physiotherapy interventions. Methodology: A quantitative quasi-experimental study design was chosen for this study. A total of 18 participants were selected by hospital based convenient sampling technique and by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients received treatment sessions for 18 sessions within the study period. The assessment was done again on a post-test on the same group using the same scales and the changes between pre and post-test of the same groups were compared. Pain and dysfunction were measured by Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE). Result: The result shows significant reduction of pain between baseline assessment and posttest. Overall pain in affected arm shows (p=0.001), specific activities (p=0.000) and usual activities (p=0.000). Distribution of pain during pretest found 6 (30%), specific activities 4 (20%) and in usual activities 3(17%) which was comparatively reduced after 6 months physiotherapy treatment found in posttest distribution was in affected arm 1 (2%), specific and usual activities was same in each 2 (9%) which proved that the physiotherapy treatment was more effective for reduction of pain of the Lateral Epicondylities. Conclusion: After 6 weeks of physiotherapy interventions, patient showed better outcome of the treatment and better recovery from Lateral Epicondylitis. So, the treatment program should be started as early as possible.

Prior to British involvement in the affairs of the geographical area that later became Nigeria, the peoples had interacted through trade, marriage, and cultural exchanges. Thus, there already existed shared values and attitudes which were not broken by colonialism. These pre-colonial common connections were cast into the dustbin of politics, and ethnicity was invoked by the inheritors and successors of British colonialism. In contemporary Nigeria, competitions for economic and political resources have assumed virulently ethnic and regional dimensions which have ignored the enduring legacies of harmonious inter-group relations that existed prior to British colonialism. This paper, therefore, attempted to interrogate those factors that served to foster harmonious and peaceful coexistence among the various ethnic groups that later came to constitute Nigeria after the 1914 amalgamation. In so doing, it adopted the qualitative research methodology which basically involved reliance mainly on such secondary sources as books, journals, and other documentary materials. It concluded that Nigeria’s search for national integration should not ignore the history of inter-ethnic and inter-group relations in the period before contacts with Europe. By internalising the factors that brought the different groups together before 1914, Nigerians would have learnt from the past in order not to bungle the present and jeopardise the future.

The specialization of dentistry dealing with the replacement of missing teeth is primarily considered as prosthodontics. Prosthodontics maybe divided into two types: fixed prosthodontics and removable prosthodontics. The fixed prosthodontics plays a crucial role in restoring the function and mastication of the teeth, restoring aesthetics of the face, maintaining integrity and health of the dental arch, and support temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Gingivitis, also known as the gum inflammation is a mild symptom reported after fixing of Fixed Denture Prostheses. Untreated gingivitis over the period of time with the development of bacteria can lead to periodontitis. Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that can damage the soft tissue and bone that can cause tooth loss. To search the online databases like MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PubMed. All the articles in English language were selected to review. It was designed in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. About 10 articles were finalized manually by the investigators for full analysis based on their eligibility to the present topic of study. Various studies have accounted for the association between fixed prostheses and the gingival problem. The health of the gingiva can be determined by using the diagnostic tools like Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI). While reviewing all the articles related to the gingival problems associated with the fixed prostheses, we found that there is lack of knowledge given to the patient related to maintaining the prostheses.

Transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing malignancies, which are an important cause of mortality. Many risk factors are linked to the increased incidence of malignancies after transplantation including type, intensity, and duration of immunosuppression, viral infections and sun exposure. The occurrence of angiosarcoma in the Arterio-venous Fistula (AVF) site in a post-transplant patient is a rare phenomenon. It is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence and systemic metastasis. There are no specific guidelines for the treatment. They are treated with a multimodality approach of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We present a case of Epithelioid Angiosarcoma developed at AVF site in a patient with dual Pancreas-Renal Transplant who also had lung metastasis at the time of histologic diagnosis. The presenting symptoms were very non-specific and careful evaluation with histopathological assessment and imaging findings helped in early diagnosis and management.

diabetes, smoking, nutritional deficiency and hormonal changes are also responsible. For the prevention and treatment of this disease, a proper knowledge on diagnosis and treatment plan, as well as, attitude about timely referral of the patient to a periodontist is important. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the perception about diagnosing and referring periodontal patients by general dentists in Taif to ensure proper treatment outcome. Materials and methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 100 general dentists practicing in Taif. Data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using the computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS 16. Results: About 78% of the general dentists are aware of the signs and symptoms of the periodontal disease. Majority of the general dentists choose oral hygiene instructions, scaling and polishing as the preferred treatment method. 39% general dentists feel that the increased life span of the teeth is resulted from a good surgical periodontal therapy, and majority of general dentists (75%) have a positive attitude to refer the patients to a periodontist for surgical procedures as evident in our study. Conclusion: As, a certain number of general dentists are not motivated in referring patients to a periodontist, this result is suggestive of the indication of upgrading the referral criteria of the patients to the periodontist to be implemented by the general dentists.

COVID-19 associated infection is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, the virus is single stranded positive sense binds with greater affinity to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 present in human cells it is 30 kb pair long RNA genome which take over the host cell machinery, immune system of host cell with the help of accessory proteins leads widespread infection. COVID-19 contains structural protein spike, membrane, Nucleocapsid, and envelope. The epidemiology of COVID-19 is based on dynamics of RdRp, N, and E genes for diagnosis of COVID-19 and knowing the exact understanding of this infection. The protein RNA dependent polymerase (RdRp) is responsible which performs replication of virus in host cell. As there is not any homolog of RdRp is seen till now, so it can be a promising gene for COVID-19 associated diagnosis. There are mainly two techniques responsible for detection of COVID-19 associated infection one is immunological assay performed through antigen and antibody and other is molecular technique based of genome analysis real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Among both of them more reliable is RT-PCR which is based on diagnosis of RdRp gene, N-gene, E gene. Envelope protein is involved in assembly, budding and pathogenesis of virus also perform viroporin and interacts with host cell and CoV proteins. Nucleocapsid protein is involved in forming complexes membrane of virus and its assembly this protein is also involved in increasing the transcription efficiency of virus, recent studies had revealed that N-proteins are the multifunctional protein. This review article aim is to reveal the functioning of all the three genes (N, E and RdRp) associated SARS-CoV-2 infection.