The performance of the fuels blends and emission levels were investigated under various operating conditions of the engine. Performance parameters like torque, brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were studied. Also, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulfur (SOx) emissions and exhaust gas temperature were investigated. The tests were carried out on a horizontal single-cylinder, 4-stroke, air-cooled, 4.00 kW engine, TD115 model. The results showed that blend of diesel and eugenyl acetate (BDEA 1.0%, 0.6% and 0.2%) gave the best performance in terms of reduced exhaust emission. The test results showed that, with decreasing speed, the torque of the engine fueled with both diesel and the blends increased with the maximum torque was recorded at 1680 rpm engine speed for BDE 0.2%. Also, there was a considerable increase in exhaust temperature with the blends compared to the diesel. The exhaust gas temperature of BDC 0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0%, BDEA 0.2% and BDEA 1.0% appeared to be similar to that of the diesel at all speed conditions. The research reveals that for a constant load of 1000 g, brake power increases with the increase in engine speed, thus a maximum brake power of 1.9 kW was obtained at 1680 rpm for BDEA 0.2%, this confirmed the results reported by researchers. There was an increase in the engine’s brake thermal efficiency when run on diesel and all the fuel blends at all speed conditions; however, BDEA 0.2% and BDEA 0.6% exhibited better combustion quality than diesel. The BSFC of the blends varied with the engine power and speed; therefore, for all the blends and diesel, consumption was high at low speed and vice-versa. The results also showed that the blends gave less CO compared to diesel. The minimum and maximum reduction of CO were 1.0 % and 1.5 % respectively of the blends, as compared to diesel. The emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2 decrease with increase in clove oil, eugenol and eugenyl acetate in the blends. All the findings compared favorably with the results of other researchers.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with endocrine disturbances including male infertility. Vitamin D receptor and metabolizing enzymes are found in the male reproductive system. Expression of Vitamin D inactivating enzyme in spermatozoa may be responsible for sperm motility and vitamin D responsiveness. Vitamin D supplementation may help in improvement of asthenozoospermic infertile males who are vitamin D deficient. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on sperm motility in vitamin D-deficient asthenozoospermic infertile males. Methods: A total of 110 infertile males who had asthenozoospermia and vitamin D- deficiency were included in this study. Vitamin D supplementation was given 40000 IU weekly for six weeks and 2000 IU daily for another six weeks and follow up semen analysis was done after 3 months to analyze the changes in sperm motility. Statistical analyses were carried out by paired t test. Result: The mean age was 33.19±5.81 years (range from 25 to 45 years).The mean vitamin D level was 16.19±3.19 ng/ml before and 32.93±7.74 ng/ml after supplementation, the increase being statistically significant (p<0.05). There was significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm motility (%), 23.58±9.51 before treatment versus 35.29±14.76 after treatment. The changes in progressive motility (18.20±8.15 % vs 28.94±13.06 %) and total motile count (17.10±16.78 % vs 28.52±25.89 %) were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D improves sperm motility in infertile males with asthenozoospermia and vitamin D-deficiency.

The global relevance of policing and the police institution has been duly recognized. However, the Nigerian society witnessed a massive increase in crime which has called for a review of the existing paradigm of crime management. This paper makes a case for the adoption of intelligence-led policing. The paper explores the role of the Nigerian Police in crime management and further details some of the challenges limiting the effectiveness of the police force from adequately achieving their primary responsibility of protecting life and property. The paper operationally clarified the concepts of crime management and intelligence-led policy before adopting the functionalist perspective as the theoretical framework for the paper. Conclusively, the paper argues for adoption of an intelligence-led policing system to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Nigerian police in fighting crime in Nigeria.

The study examined the usefulness of exudates/resin extrudes from tree trunk as inhibitive material against corrosion attacks to reinforcing steel embedded in concrete structures and exposed to high levels of salt in coastal marine areas. The maximum recorded average and percentile values are controlled 45.546% against corroded and coated values of 36.881% and 78.747% and with differentially potential values of the bond strength controlled 1.409MPa and 19.437% against corroded values of 0.276MPa and 7.174% and coated values 1.409MPa and 20.317%. The lower load failure characteristic has been attributed to the effect of corrosion attack resulting in rib-less (smooth) and surface modification, the effect of corrosion resulted to the swollen surface with peeled off fibre while coated samples exhibited highly resistive characteristics to corrosion attacks showing the effectiveness of exudates/resin as an anti-corrosive material in curbing the scourge and menace faced by reinforced concrete structures built in the coastal the marine region with unique and severe characteristics of high salinity. Comparatively, obtained results showed decreased slippage failure load exhibition by the corroded samples over the controlled and coated samples with a highly lower value range to the reference with coated samples exhibiting higher slippage failure load with increased values over-controlled. From the result of average values and percentile values difference, the failure bond load, bond strength, and maximum slip all failed at low load applications with decreased percentile values compared to controlled and coated concrete cube samples. This reduction in rebar diameter and the cross-sectional area has resulted in higher failure bond loads, lower bond strengths, and lower slippages, and these characteristics revealed the effects of corrosion on the reinforcing steel that resulted from surface modification, reduction of rebar fibre, and high yield to load applications. From the results obtained and presented in the figures, the effect of corrosion on uncoated and coated reinforcing steel are enumerated, in figures 3 and 6b on the diameter of rebar, it can be seen that the diameter of uncoated decreased by the maximum value of -0.841% and coated increased by 0.922%, for the cross-sectional area, corroded has maximum reduction value -20.649% and coated increased by and 26.022%, weight loss, and gain are corroded -19.905% decreased (loss) and coated 36.334% increase (gain).

The sheltering execution plan of a 3D printed shelter is planned to demonstrate the design of an existing camp, but it is built using printable sheltering units rather than tents and prefabricated cabins. The Zaatari Refugee camp in Jordan is selected as a case study for multiple reasons. The Zaatari Camp is located in Jordan, and was established on a large scale within short notice. The camp is built in a country ranked as one of the most expensive in the Middle East. The economy of the country and the needs of refugees make it an attractive case study to implement printable sheltering units, allowing for the investigation of the performance of a printable camp against existing sheltering camps covering aspects of time, cost, occupancy, and implementation perspectives. Achieving positive performances of a printable camp in Jordan will ensure that camps will be suitable and affordable in other countries with stronger economies, along with cheaper construction rates. The 3DP shelter is found to be a cost-effective solution in Jordan, which means that the printed shelters can achieve higher cost efficiency measures in less expensive countries in the Middle East, such as Turkey.

Corrosion of reinforcement embedded in concrete is considered as one of the main reasons for the degradation and deterioration of many existing reinforced concrete structures and this degradation effects has been seen as major challenges in structures founded in region with high concentration of salt as in the case of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study involves the coating of ficus sycomorus exudates/resin paste of plant trunks extract known as inhibitors directly on the reinforcing steel. The experiment aimed at determining the effectiveness in the use of eco-friendly and abundantly available materials in curbing the negative effect of corrosion attacks on reinforcing steel embedded in concrete structures and immersed in Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solutions by coating steel reinforcement with different thicknesses and experimentally tested to prevent corrosion attacks in the laboratory. The test specimens reflect the acute acidic level indicating the sea salt concentration level of the marine environment on reinforced concrete structures. The result showed that the decreased value in uncoated (corroded) represent the degree of corrosion that has to affect the bonding interaction between concrete and reinforcing steel, also, the negative values obtained in bond strength versus maximum slip showed that the reduction in slip was due to the effect of corrosion. The higher values obtained from coated members showed the potential and the effective interaction process in steel and concrete, results showed that the values of coated members are similar to that of controlled indicating the virtuous bonding characteristics. The result of weight loss for controlled samples are 100% indicating no weight loss, uncoated (corroded) samples negative values showed tremendous weight loss resulting from corrosion presence, and for coated samples, there are weight gain resulting from coating materials. Also, the effect of corrosive medial reduces the diameter of reinforcing steel after corrosion, the effect of corrosion formed pits which resulted to swollen rebar surface whereas coated and controlled maintained perfect diameter with an increasing diameter from coating thicknesses. Reduction in cross–sectional properties, weight loss was all seen in corroded samples resulting from damaging and destructive effect from corrosion manifestation while coated gained weight and as well as increased in cross-sectional properties. Clear examinations on the study and investigations, coated exudate/resin has demonstrated and shown to be good inhibitive material against corrosion.

The paper discusses the concept of E-learning which is research, learning, and teaching in the digital environment and how Nigerian Academic Libraries can support it in the COVI-19 global pandemic period. It primarily focused on the transition of academic libraries from mainly analogue to hybrid. The paper traces the outbreak of Covid-19 from Wuhan to Nigeria and the subsequent disruption of academic activities in Nigerian Universities and Libraries. It went further to discuss E-learning in the Academic Library, its benefits and the expectation of the e-learner on the academic Librarian. E-learning plat forms such as CMS, MLearning, Library Websites, YouTube, Pinterest, Podcasts, Instant Messaging (IM), Rich Site Summary (RSS), LinkedIn, Skype, and Google+, MySpace, Library thing, Ning were highlighted. The paper concludes that librarians and academicians ought to work together to assess and give links to legitimate web assets identified with projects and courses of instruction, and the Library should conduct online tutorials for improving the information searching skills of the e-learners and, by so doing, contributing greatly to improving e-learning in Nigeria.

There is a lot of disagreement surrounding the management of femoral fractures in the elderly. Currently, the alternatives accessible to an orthopedic surgeon include cannulated cancellous screw fixation, unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and complete hip arthroplasty for treating such fractures in the elderly. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty is one of the most popular treatments for Garden type II & III femoral neck fractures in the elderly in developing countries. This study was carried out to assess the functional results of cemented versus uncemented femoral neck fracture hemiarthroplasty. Compare the practical results of cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty in the future. Materials and Methods: Multicentered non-randomized quasi-experimental prospective study has been conducted in Islami Bank Medical College in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and tertiary-level hospitals. From July 2016 until July 2018. Cemented bipolar femoral prostheses were used to treat 269 patients with 274 displaced femoral neck fractures. Results: At the end of the three-year post-surgery period, all data was collected in an ACCESS (Microsoft Co) database and exported for analysis into SPSS-14 vs. (SPSS, Inc.) All patients were aged 50-85 years. Males and females averaged 62.09 years, and women 69.42 years. 48 percent of patients had radiological sub-capital fractures, whereas 52 percent had transcervical. In 68% of instances, the manner of injury was minor. The complications noted were surface surgery site infection (1%), moderate side-hip discomfort (15%), L.L.D. < 1.25%, and postoperative dislocation in another patient within 3 months. There were outstanding outcomes of 64%, decent results of 28%, and fair results of 8%. There have been no abnormal findings in our investigation. Anesthesiologists' grade, operating time, anesthetic duration, use of peri-operative b-blockers, blood loss estimations, and intraoperative fracture ratios are all examples of preoperative or intraoperative characteristics. Hemoglobin level, transfusion rate, discharge, and acute complication rate did not change post-operatively. There were no clinically or statistically significant changes with 30-day, 60-day, and 1-year follow-up in mortality, disposal, ambulatory relief needs, older resources, and daily living service activities subscales. Conclusions: Cemented and uncemented femoral components are also used and linked with equivalent working results for 1 year when no pathologic femoral neck fractures are treated. Practitioners can use these similarly good results to inform their clinical selection.

Background: -Ocular complications are common in diabetes and cataract becomes the major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Objective: Oxidative stress was assessed by estimating lipid peroxidation product (LPO) in the form of MDA and non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamins C in the serum. Methodology: A number of 100 cases of diabetic cataract in the age group of 45-70 years, compared with 100 healthy controls. Results: Serum levels of MDA and Vitamin C between cataract cases and control groups were found to be statistically significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that low levels of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress may have a role to play in the etiopathogenesis of the diabetic cataract.

Environmental conditions include chloride penetration (eg de-icing salt or seawater) and carbonization of concrete. This protective effect may fail, but the provisional quantification of this process to assess the service life of reinforced concrete structures is an important task both in the planning stages of new buildings and in the context of renovation of existing buildings. The application of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch extruded viscous gummy paste (exudate/resin) obtained from the tree was studied in the research exudate/resin. Its utility as an inhibitive material in the curbing of corrosion effect on reinforcing steel built within the coastal region of high salinity. Extracted exudate/rein was coated to reinforcing steel and embedded into the concrete slab, exposed to corrosive media with a high concentration of salt. The experimental data of corrosion potential Ecorr, mV and concrete resistivity, kΩcm of maximum percentile value calculated from the concrete resistivity of the controlled sample concrete is 134.14% compared to the corroded and coated value of -31.11% and 88.07% and the maximum value of the percentile differential from the control is 49.97% compared to the corroded and coated value of 15.72% and 42.9%. The results of the controlled and coated concrete resistivity samples obtained of the maximum average values are 15.05kΩcm and 12.09kΩcm with a description of the value 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to the corrosion value of 8.15kΩcm with Specifications 5 <𝜌 <10 ( high) and with a reference range of dependence between concrete resistivity and corrosion probability significant corrosion probability (𝜌 < 5, 5 < 𝜌 < 10, 10 < 𝜌 < 20, 𝜌 > 20) for very high, high, low to medium and low, for possible corrosion. The maximum calculated controlled percentile value was -66.02% compared to the corroded and coated values 171.66% and -62.28% and the controlled potential differential value was 1.7%, corroded 6.56% and coateded 0.91%. The maximum half-cell potential yields of controlled and coated samples were -107.1mV and -121.98 mV, which showed the relationship between corrosion potential and probability as a 𝐸corr > −200mV as a reference range. The results of this corrosion potential Ecorr, mV result show that the controlled sample values and exudates/resin coated are low with a 90% probability that no corrosion of the reinforcement is observed at the time of measurement (10% corrosion risk, 10% or shows an uncertain corrosion probability for samples that uncoated, the maximum calculated value is -328.22mV, the result is within the reference value of the dependence between the corrosion potential and probability of the value −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicates a high range of values, which is a corrosion probability of 10% or uncertain of the reference range (controlled) shows that the corrosion samples show corrosion as a result of accelerated corrosion induced as compared to the coated samples which show no corrosion. The maximum percentile calculated from the ultimate tensile strength is controlled by 2.99% in terms of corrosion and coating values are - 2.97% and 3 0.01% respectively and the potential differential value of 0.14% is controlled, 0.12% is corroded and 0.09% is coated. The calculated maximum percentile of the controlled yield strength is 9.08% relative to corrosion and coated values are -7.83% and 8.61% and the possible differential values are 1.42% controlled, 0.09% corroded and 4.29% coated. The maximum percentile value calculated to compare the strain ratio was checked at -7.21% against corroded 5.36% and coated -7.23%, and the maximum differential was checked for 0.08%, corroded 0.2% and coated 0.1%. The comparative results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the uncoated (corroded) elements, which damage the reinforcing steel fibers, ribs and passive formation and surface modification. The observed mean values for the coated samples were associated with the corrosion resistivity potential to penetrate the reinforcing steel with the formation of a protective membrane; This attribute indicates the effectiveness of the exudate / resin as an inhibitor against corrosive effects of reinforced concrete structures exposed to heavy marine areas with high salt content. The maximum calculated percentile diameter of the reinforcement after corrosion was controlled 0.368% versus corroded - 0.903% and coated 0.796%, with a different percentile of corroded 0.011% versus 0.007% coated. For comparative, the results of the corroded samples showed a reduction and reduction value compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after the induction accelerated corrosion test with a percentile decrease in value from 0.368% to -0.903% and an average value in the range from 11.98mm to 11.94mm. The cross-sectional area differential in mean values and relative percentiles between coated and corroded samples ranged from 39.02% to -28.07%. ......

The Ugamo Malim is one of the religious minorities in Indonesia. Although most Batak people today are adherents of Christianity and Islam, certain Batak people sought to maintain their own religious beliefs and practices. However, most Batak people have abandoned it and converted to the imported religions such as Christian and Islam. Accordingly, Ugamo Malim rejected the western notion of God; they prefer the term "spirits" or "divinities" (Mula Jadi Nabolon). Due to the Indonesian state legal definition and category of religion, Ugamo Malim loses the opportunity to gain legal status, identity, and recognition, including their employment opportunities in public offices. For example, the No. 1 PNPS 1965 on Blasphemy Law includes the Ugamo Malim as an unofficial religious group, except Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Although Indonesia's legal framework guarantees freedom of religion and belief, however, these fundamental rights do not guarantee the right of Ugamo Malim. Therefore, many minority groups, like Ugamo Malim, suffered from various forms of discrimination by the State of Indonesia. The study would help the Indonesian government to have a better comprehension regarding the framework they can introduce which would help in protecting the identity of the Ugamo Malim Minority religion.

Bortezomib is an anticancer agent used for multiple myeloma in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Pneumonitis and pulmonary toxicity associated with bortezomib application has been reported in a series of cases associated with multiple myeloma. A 59-year-old male patient received 16 weeks of CyBorD regimen followed by first phase of RVD regimen and bortezomib biweekly resulted in partial remission. During the second phase of RVD regimen developed cough and whitish sputum. On high resolution computed tomography showed opacities on the lungs and diagnosed as bortezomib induced interstetial lung disease. He responded to the cortecosteroid therapy and respiratory symptoms subsided. This is a clinically proven bortezomib induced interstetial lung disease on retreatment with bortezomib for a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma.

Drug-induced Galactorrhea associated with Hyperprolactinemia has been rarely reported with agents such as antidopaminergic, antiemetics, antidepressants etc. Galactorrhea related with Hyperprolactinemia is an unwanted consequence of the treatment in which there is an increased serum prolactin levels usually associated with an abnormal whitish fluid like secretion from the breast. We report a case of expressible Galactorrhea at multiple occasions in a 44-year-old female patient with Fibromyalgia and Vascular headache related to Fluoxetine, Amitriptyline, Flunarizine, Domperidone used at different intervals of treatment. This report highlights the mechanism of these drugs which induces galactorrhea and subsequent reduction in the side effect when the active drugs are withdrawn.

This study investigates the diachronic developments of 2749 instances of shang in historical texts from Chinese corpora. We use Tyler and Evans (2003)’s Principled Polysemy Model to test the various senses associated with shang. It has been shown that there are close relations between the semantic change and polysemy of Chinese spatial word shang in which new meanings of shang occurred based on existing meanings and both old and newer meanings can coexist for a long period of time. Our research also displays how spatial concepts are coded linguistically by Chinese speakers based on various mechanisms including conceptual metaphor, invited inference, constructional change, causative morphology and word-class shift. By displaying the way shang ‘above’ evolved throughout the history of written Chinese to result in the current polysemy network, this study contributes to studies on semantic change in Chinese and reveals why we use spatial words as the way we do.

The 2020 report of the Global Terrorism Index ranks Nigeria third among 163 countries on the scale of key global security trends and patterns of terrorism. This paper examines the impact of terrorism, banditry and kidnapping on human security in Nigeria. The paper posits that Nigeria continues to experience increasing insecurity and violence through frequent attacks by terrorist, bandits and kidnappers. These criminals continue to attack, rape and kill unarmed civilians, especially women, across the country, which has impacted negatively on human security in Nigeria. The paper then gives the primary purpose of government, which is to protect lives and property, our ranking on the global terrorism index 2020, the conceptual clarifications of human security, terrorism, banditry and kidnapping; factors that are responsible for such social ills and their impact on Nigeria and Nigerians. The documentary research method was used in gathering and analyzing data for this work. The paper asserts that between terrorists, bandits, and kidnappers, there is very little differences as one set of activities apparently service the other. The paper concludes that the indices that point to national security in which human security is the chief has been challenged seriously by terrorism, banditry and kidnapping.