The work of Christian missionaries in penetrating Africa with the Gospel was expanded as natives responded to the call of God in evangelising the continent. The native agents, through their sweat, blood, and tears immensely contributed to the rooting of Christianity in Africa communities. The contributions of these unsung heroes and heroines deserve attention in contemporary African scholarship. In church growth, charismatic leadership is a cardinal factor as everything rises and falls on the leader. This study traced the emergence of charismatic movements in the Anglican Church in Urhobo of Western Delta (Ijaw) of Niger Delta region, Nigeria. It adopted the participant observation and historical methods; and data were drawn from primary and secondary sources. The paper applied the Craven’s theory of domestication of Christianity which is based on the hypothesis that Christianity could best be expressed in a cultural framework and championed by Africans. This could be done by appreciating the cultural elements for enhanced acceptance and expansion of the Christian mission. Charismatic seed was sown in the area by Bishop James Johnson who organised the Anglican churches in 1901. Between 1929 and 1984, the church witnessed the activities of three charismatic movements namely; Ishoshi Erhi (Spirit movement), Anglican Adam Preaching Society, and Anglican Fasting and Prayer Society. The dynamic response of the church leadership to these movements positioned Anglican churches in Urhobo for growth and relevance to the people. The paper recommended unbiased interaction between church leadership and charismatic movements as to harness the various gifting of members for development of the Church of God.

A significant number of nations around the world have enacted cybercrime laws for the purpose of controlling the occurrence of cybercrimes and mitigating its ill effects. However, in spite of enacting such cybercrime laws, available data show that the incidence of cybercrime is rapidly increasing. There are many factors that contribute to the failure of criminal law to fully control cybercrime. These factors include anonymity related issues, jurisdictional issues, extradition related challenges, problems associated with the law enforcement machinery, non-availability of data relating to cybercrime including non-reporting of cybercrimes, difficulties to identify, locate and arrest the cybercriminal, lack of experts, technology related issues, problems posed by international law etc. Since, at present, criminal law is not able to fully tackle cybercrime, there is a need to focus on cybercrime prevention strategies.

The era of globalization has tremendously affected the banking industry in Cameroon. In this light, this paper after making clarifications of key concepts, seeks to appraise the legal provisions and mechanisms currently governing the banking industry in Cameroon, with particular focus on the regulatory parameters of the banking industry. As a result, the paper recommends salient measures in order to blend theory and practice for effective implementation in the banking industry in Cameroon.

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen worldwide. This clinicopathological study aims to determine the negative appendectomy rates of the surgically removed appendix in our centre and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis by considering HPE as the gold standard. Method: A retrospective study was undertaken to review the histopathology reports of all the emergency appendicectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology Government medical college and Hospital, Jammu; from 30th June 2020 to 1st July 2021. Patient’s biodata, clinical signs and symptoms were extracted from the request forms. Result: A total of 250 appendices were received during the 1-year study period. The male to female ratio was 3.1:1 with age ranging from 5 to 75 years of age. Acute appendicitis was found in 50.4%, followed by suppurative appendicitis (20%), perforated appendix (15.2), gangrenous appendix (6.4%), acute on chronic appendicitis (8%) and 2 cases of carcinoid tumor (0.8%). NAR was calculated as 4.8%. The diagnostic sensitivity was calculated to be 95.2%. Conclusion: HPE is the gold standard test and helps to determine the negative appendectomy rates which is regarded as the quality indicator of the treating centre.

Background: Among several treatment options for the management of infected nonunion tibia, Illizarov technique is a newer one.Illizarov technic has many good advantages and features. But in Bangladesh we have very few research-based information regarding the effectiveness and outcomes applyingIllizarov principle in treatinginfected nonunion tibia. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes Illizarov principle in treating infected nonunion tibia. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. In total 27 patients with infected nonunion tibia were selected as the study population. Illizarov technic was applied for all of the patients. Before starting data collectionproper written consentsfrom all the participants were taken. A pre-designed semi-structured questioner was used in collecting necessary patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20.0 as per need. Results: In this study, as postoperative complications, local pain with motion, local oedema, painful tenting of skin and pin tract infection were found in 3.705, 7.41%, 14.81% and 18.51% participants respectively. There was not a single case of deep infection or unacceptable malunion or non-union. As the final outcomes of this technic as per the Karlstrom and Olerud criteria, the highest 59% patients got ‘excellent’ result. Then 30%, 7% and the rest 4% patients got ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’ result respectively. Conclusion: For the management of infected nonunion tibia,Illizarov technic opened a new era. Considering the god features of this technic like less blood loss, lower complication rate, shorter duration of hospital staying and prompt healing physicians can take this principle as the method of choice in treating infected nonunion tibia.

The study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of endophytic bacteria extracts isolated from Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae), a plant traditionally used in the treatment of many pathologies such as diarrheal diseases. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done on supplemented and non-supplemented nutrient media. The extracts of these endophytes were obtained after fermentation in Muller Hinton Broth (MHB). An antibacterial screening of the extracts was carried out on 04 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). The strains having demonstrated activity were retained for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The cytotoxicity tests of the extracts were carried out on healthy macrophage cells (Raw 264.7) and healthy kidney cells (Vero). A total of 41 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from S. torvum. The antibacterial screening made it possible to retain 08 extracts which demonstrated antibacterial activity on the S. aureus and S. flexneri strains with MICs ranging from 100 to 200 μg/ml. All extracts exhibited weak cytotoxic activity except for one extract. Extracts of endophytic bacteria isolated from S. torvum showed antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity on the pathogenic strains tested. This study shows that the endophytic bacteria of S. torvum are a source of antibacterial compounds to be explored to enrich the therapeutic arsenal against bacterial infections.

Background: Urinary retention in females are rare. Ureterocoeles are uncommon causes of acute urinary retention in females. There are a wide variety and presentations of ureterocoeles with potentially diverse treatments. Open and endoscopic options have been described. We present a case of a 38-year-old female with acute urinary retention from a prolapsed ureterocoele associated with a stone. Objectives: To highlight caeco-ureterocoele as a rare cause of Acute Urinary Retention in females. A 38-year-old female presented with a history of severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) along with a urethral protrusion of a few weeks’ duration. Examination showed she was in retention with a tender irreducible and inflamed mass covered with mucosa protruding from the urethra. A urethral catheter was passed beside the mass to relieve the retention. A calculus was palpated in prolapsing mucosa consistent with a prolapsing caeco-ureterocoele. Under local anesthesia, the mucosa was incised and 1.5x1.5cm spherical calculus was extracted. Urine was observed flowing out of the ureterocoele. The patient improved significantly from her symptoms and a follow-up ultrasound scan did not show hydronephrosis. Conclusion: Prolapse caeco-ureterocoele with stone could cause acute urinary retention in females. A heightened index of suspicion is needed when a female presents with an associated urethral protrusion.

The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is based on imaging, but it is recommended to use serological test to support imaging in inconclusive cases. We performed a retrospective analysis of serology results of patients with CE lesions, seen from January 2016 to March 2020, to evaluate the contribution of the serology in the diagnosis accuracy and sensitivity of CE. Sera from eligible patients, including 86 patients with probable CE lesion, were used, with 2 commercial seroassays (NovaLisaTM Echinococcus IgG; NovaTec Immunodiagnostica, Germany and Western Blot; ECHINOCOCCUS Western Blot (WB) IgG from LDBIO diagnostics). Sensitivity of seroassays to liver cyst wasn’t significantly higher than lung cyst, but a statically significant correlation has been found between positive CE serology and complicated cysts (82% versus 55% p<0.001). Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of ELISA test combined to Western blot (WB) were higher than those obtained with ELISA test alone (65% versus 82% p= 0,001). Combining a first level seroassays as ELISA test with a high specific test as WB provide the best diagnosis accuracy for CE.

This study examined the role of English instruction on students' willingness to communicate (WTC) in Oman's English foreign language (EFL) context. WTC in a second language (L2) is a multi-faceted construct that integrates psychological, linguistic, and communicative variables to describe, explain, and predict students' communicative behaviour in an L2. This quantitative study employed a survey to assess L2 WTC key variables of informants from Year 1 (116) and Year 4 (88) English major students in higher education. A t-test analysis revealed that Year 4 students had higher WTC in English than Year 1 students, and they also had less communication anxiety than Year 1 students. Conversely, Year 1 students had higher self-perceived communication competence and tended to communicate more frequently than Year 4 students. They also tended to be more motivated than Year 4 students and had higher positive attitudes toward their learning situation, English- speaking community, and interest in foreign language learning. Surprisingly, the data revealed no significant differences in all those variables between Year 1 and Year 4 students.

The purpose of study was to find out the effect of two modes of circuit training on muscular endurance in term of upper body of school boys. To achieve the purpose of the study, thirty school boys from different schools from of Alagappa Sports Foundation at Karaikudi, were selected as subject at random. Their age group range between 11 to 14 years. The study was formulated as pre and post test random group design, in which thirty subject were divided into three equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=10, CT-SAD) underwent circuit training combined with speed agility quickness drills, the experimental group-2 (n=10, CT-JRD) underwent through circuit training combined with Jump Rope Drills and group 3 served as a control group (n=10, CG) did not undergo any specific training. In this study, two training programme were adopted as independent variable, i.e., circuit training combined with speed agility quickens and circuit training combined with jump rope drills. The physical fitness variable muscular endurance in term of upper body was selected as dependent variable. It was measured by push-up measured in counts. The selected two treatment groups namely circuit training combined with speed agility quickens drills and circuit training combined with jump rope drills were performed five days in a week for the period of six weeks, as per the stipulated training program. The muscular endurance in term of upper body was collected before and after the training period. The collected pre and post test data was critically analyzed with apt statistical tool of analysis of co-variance, for observed the significant adjusted post-test mean difference of three groups. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out pair-wise comparisons between groups. To test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significant was fixed. The performance of the muscular endurance in term of upper body is similar in circuit training combined with the jump rope drills and the circuit training combined with speed agility and quickness drills.

Gamification in learning and instruction is thought to appeal to a wide range of learners by increasing motivation, learner engagement, and social impact. This study aims to give a synthesis of the empirical findings of state-of-the-art literature in the burgeoning topic of gamification in the learning and teaching domain. It presents the most recent scientific evidence on developing trends in technology education and gamification plugins, but also extending the possibilities for future research directions in using gamification to transform instruction and learning. The adoption of gamification in learning and instruction is perceived to have mass appeal among the learners in stimulating motivation, learner engagement and social influence. Various responses and observation were made from employees to study the behavior in a controlled environment in order to understand the level of competency, social relatedness, meaning full task and there decision making freedom.

Background: The importance and usefulness of dermatoglyphics in crime investigation, anthropology and disease prediction have been stressed wide published. However, there is dearth of information on the use of palmar creases as an adjunct tool in the prediction of tribe/ethnicity and ancestral relationship among populations. Hence, this study was aimed at predicting ancestry and tribal/ethnic relationship and genetic link among the Urhobo, Isoko and Ogoni ethnic groups using palmar creases. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational and analytical study, 360 subjects- 180, 105 and 75 Urhobo, Ogoni and Isoko subjects were sampled via a multi-stage sampling technique to ensure randomization. Palm print was obtained using Oghenemavwe and Osaat (2015) dermatoglyphic capture method. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS IBM version 23.0). Results and Discussions: Using the Ogoni as a reference tribe, the study (Table 1) showed Pearson's Chi-square Analysis for tribe-associated differences in the distribution of pattern based on type/pattern of head of origin of the major palmar creases on the right and left palms, and this was not statistically significant on both palms. But in Table 2a (tribe-associated differences in the distribution of the general shape/appearance of palmar creases on the right and left palms) was observed to be statistically significant (X2 = 73.283, P = 0.001 for right; X2 = 47.786, P = 0.001 for left) and Table 3a showed that tribe-associated differences in the distribution of Middle longitudinal crease on the right and left palms was statistically significant (X2 = 18.135, P = 0.001 for right; X2 = 36.401, P = 0.001 for left). Conclusion: Middle longitudinal crease in particular and general shape/appearance of palmar creases are discriminatory in distribution amongst the tribe studied and thus suggest a tribal/ethnic relationship and genetic link and common ancestry between the Isoko and Urhobo tribes.

In this study, the asymmetric relationship between oil rents and human development in Nigeria was examined between 1981 and 2020. Specifically, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model was employed to ascertain how the partial sums of positive and negative changes in oil and gas rents contributed to the human development index (HDI) with time-series data obtained from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report and World Development Indicators (WDI). In addition, unit root and bounds cointegration tests were employed to determine the stationary properties and long-run relationships among the variables. It was found from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated. It is also evident from the bounds cointegration results that HDI has a long-run relationship with oil and gas rents. The findings revealed that oil rent has not yielded the intended and desired positive benefits in terms of improving human development given its insignificant positive contribution to HDI. On the other hand, HDI responded positively to positive changes in natural gas rents and this finding was statistically significant at a 5 per cent level. This implies that an increase in natural gas rents plays a significant role in improving human development. Given the findings, this paper recommends proper management and accountability of the oil rents to create better opportunities for human development. It is also recommended for government to mitigate gas flaring and create enabling environment for more investments in gas resources to provide a roadmap for more investments in human development.

Demand of fuel cells have been increased due to the high potential and incredibly efficient power sources. They have been wide range of applications such as portable fuel cells in laptops, up to huge stationary installations to power data centers. Ordinary cells are not providing good reliability and quality of power while on the other hand, fuel cells with efficient metal body allows the good reliability and quality of power provided does not degrade over time. Fuels cell that comprised of carbon nanotubes have been efficiently used for the fabrication process due to fine catalysis of adoption major barrier to many applications for power generation for commercial, industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas. The carbon-nanotubes are made up of smaller particles of carbon with allow the network of fine fibers while on the other hand, ordinary cells can be designed in storing hydrogen, as per the requirements. Porous Platinum nanotubes nanoporous have been designed to adopt the porosity and flow of the carbon particles for generation of energy. Different oxidants can be employed for fuel adjustments and other site reactions but oxygen is preferable due to their availability. It is easy to maintain the fuel cells adjustment through the use of nanotechnology to the industrials processes for manufacturing of variety of new materials.

SARS CoV-2 is a pandemic infection that is associated with a significant mortality rate in elderly patients due to severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. When compared to adults, children had a lesser vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a milder severity. This could be due to the large number of vaccines. This study was aimed to investigate whether the influenza vaccine may reduce the susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 79 inmates and workers at the Al-Wafa House for the Care of the Infirm and the Elderly in the Massa region was enrolled from November 15th to December first, 2020, and were test for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR on an oropharyngeal swab and presence of antibodies IgG/IgM against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical data, outcomes, BCG and influenza vaccination status were collected from the medical records. 3% of all subjects were positive for IgG and 16.7% were positive for both IgM and IgG at the same time. While 16.7% were negative for both antibodies. Only 17 workers were vaccinated against influenza on November 1st, all workers had received the BCG vaccination. 78.4% of all workers were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and 16.2% were positive for both SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Results from the present study found that 87% of all subjects had BCG vaccination, and this might offer at least partial protection against SARS-CoV-2. Results were also found that a relationship between vaccination against influenza and asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe symptoms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 were found at 13.54, 25.64, and 20.14 respectively, at a significant level. However, the relationship between vaccination against influenza and moderate symptoms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection was not significant. According to a current study, influenza immunization could lower SARS-CoV-2 mortality. Prospective investigations are required to verify this conclusion.