The Silver Catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the hydrosystem Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného contributes to the socio-economic well-being and food security of local populations. However, this ecosystem is known to be threatened by trace elements contamination. This study aims to assess the human health risk associated with exposure to trace elements via the consumption of Silver Catfish. The study method followed four main steps as described by USEPA after measuring trace element concentrations in C. nigrodigitatus tissues. The results showed that some values greater than 1 were obtained in the dry season, for As in adults (THQ = 1.17) and children (THQ = 1.80) and for Cr in children (THQ = 1.11) and in the rainy season for As in children (THQ = 1.36). Regarding the consumption of whole fish organs analyzed, the THQ recorded in the dry season for Cd, Pb, Cr and As in adults and children and for Hg in children are all greater than 1. In addition, in the rainy season, the THQ obtained for Cd and As in adults and Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg and As in children, are also greater than 1. The total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) are all greater than 1 for muscles and for all the combined fish organs studied. The CR values of Cr and As obtained in the muscles and the combined fish organs are all unacceptable (CR > 10-4) in both adults and children during both seasons. Children are more exposed than adults and the consumption of all the organs studied is found to be more dangerous than muscles alone. Therefore, the consumption of vital fish organs such as gills, kidneys and liver should be avoided since they are the favorite sites for most pollutant concentration.

This paper deals with triple challenges confronted by Guinea- Conakry versus the Western Capitalist and Eastern Communist Struggles in the context of colonial and neo-colonial interests in a strategic African country with full accessibilities in the Atlantic Ocean. The principle actors in such an exploitative operations includes the British, French, Americans and the Soviet Union. In fact, lucrative commercial activities conducted in this region of West Africa acted as one of the most important factor which attracted Whites immigrants into the country which later witnessed serious challenges in the hands of French diplomatic agents in the wake of African Nationalism and the desired for self-determination whose independence was declared by its famous political elite known as Sékou Touré in 1958 as the first President of the Republic of Guinea. This was not the end of Western manipulation and hiding operations in the peak of the Cold War conflicts with targeted interests which once more set the new leader into mixing Capitalist-Communist ideologies while gaining much international recognition as one of African despot until his death in 1984.The scrutiny of specialized sources and government documents online pertaining to those challenges enable us to use a historical analytical approach to come out with our findings. That the geo-strategic and geo-political position of the country and its natural resources kept both camps in the Cold War busy to make their presence felt by the 26 year pioneer President after the pre-mature departure of the French colonial agents with the famous “No” of Touré.

Panoramic radiographs are the first and most efficient method, used to examine and evaluate the heights of residual alveolar ridges of edentulous patients. After tooth extraction, wound healing of the extraction socket is associated with modeling processes leading to dimensional alterations of the residual ridge. Besides, alterations in the size and shape of the jawbones have been observed to occur throughout adult life and it continues further. Most of the bone loss occurs in the early stage of the atrophic process. The rate and the amount of bone loss may be influenced by various factors such as gender, hormones, metabolism, and parafunction. This study aimed to determine and compare differences in the vertical measurements of jawbones in both edentulous and dentate subjects. The study sample included the diagnostic panoramic radiographs of 53 randomly selected edentulous and dentate patients without systemic diseases affecting bone. -The radiographic selection criteria included the absence of obvious facial asymmetry, clearly visible anatomic structure, neither surgical nor fracture history. -The sample was divided into 3 groups: Groupe1: 29 edentulous patients Groupe2: 14 edentulous upper maxilla patients Groupe 3: 10 mandibular edentulous patients The height of the residual bone was measured at 18 predetermined sites. Results: The differences between elderly men and women in percentages of reductions in heights of the maxilla were not significant. The reduction of the anterior ridge height was greater in the maxilla than in the mandible for both sexes. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between age and bone height in both genders. Conclusion: The outcomes in the present study would contribute to better understanding of RRR in dentate and edentulous subjects.

Fibrous epulis or peripheral fibroma and ossifying fibrous epulis or Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF) belong to reactive fibrous overgrowth gingiva results from a long-standing chronic local irritation. They resemble clinically similar but with different histological and radiological presentations. In this paper, two case reports of reactive fibrous overgrowths are discussed along with their management. The first case is a 27-year-old female patient who had a growth in the labial aspect of the gingiva of the upper incisors. The second case was a 37-year-old male patient who had a growth in the gingiva's buccal aspect about the right canine and first premolar.

Rhinoplasty considers one of the most common cosmetic surgeries done in Saudi Arabia, the purpose of this study is to survey the quality of work among Saudi adults before & after Rhinoplasty. A retrospective record-based approach was applied in this research on 100 patients. The results indicate no significant statistically impactions on any measured variables in this article (Gender, confidence, education level or social life) on our patients. The researcher used the retrospective record based approach. The medical files of 100 patients underwent rhinoplasty in the last five years included in this study. Most of the study sample gender is female with an overall of (68) respondent which equivalent to (68%) and (34) are male which equivalent to (32%) of the overall sample. Sample Do you feel more confidence after rhinoplasty shows that the answered Yes with a total of (82) respondents, which equivalent to (82%), and No with a total of (18) respondents, which equivalent to (18%). Sample Job performance after rhinoplasty? shows that the answered Better with a total of (22) respondents, which equivalent to (64.7%), and Same with a total of (12) respondents, which equivalent to (35.3%). Sample Does your education level and willing of learning differ? shows that the answered Better with a total of (63) respondents, which equivalent to (63%), and Same with a total of (37) respondents, which equivalent to (37%). Sample How do you look to your social condition after rhinoplasty? shows that the answered Happy with a total of (81) respondents, which equivalent to (81%), and Feeling non confident with a total of (19) respondents, which equivalent to (19%). Result shows no statistically significant impact occupation before rhinoplasty on any variables (Gender, feel confidence after rhinoplasty, Education level and social life) of patients, this result was consistent with the results of multiple studies.

Introduction: Induction of labor is an artificial initiation of uterine activity before the spontaneous onset of labor with the aim of achieving vaginal delivery. To assess the effectiveness of extra amniotic saline infusion and prostaglandin E2 gel for induction of labour. Methods: A randomized, comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayaan Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of 6 month. 260 patients at term with a Bishop's score ≤5 with various indications for induction were randomly allocated to group E (extra amniotic normal saline) and group P (PGE2 gel) with 130 women included in each group. Results: 61.5% of Primi delivered within 12 hrs in the extra amniotic saline infusion group compared to only 44.4% in the PGE2 gel group. 96% of Multi delivered within 12 hrs in extra amniotic saline infusion group compared to only 55.6% in the PGE2 gel. The mean Induction delivery interval in Primi with Extra amniotic saline infusion was 12.34 hrs. The mean Induction to delivery interval in Primi with PGE2 gel was 14.43 hrs. The mean Induction to delivery interval in Multi with Extra amniotic saline infusion was 10.54 hrs. The mean Induction to delivery interval in Multi with PGE2 gel was 13.64 hrs. The difference between the two group is statistically significant. Conclusions: Cervical ripening was more effective in the Extra amniotic saline infusion group when compared to PGE2 group. Oxytocin usage was lower in the Extra amniotic saline infusion group when compared to PGE2 gel group.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the frequency of consuming selected groups of food products among Polish handball players depending on their sports experience and level of generalised self-efficacy. Methods: The research was conducted among a group of 142 men aged 20-36, using an author-designed questionnaire regarding the frequency of consuming selected food groups and the Generalised Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Statistical analysis of the results was carried by estimating Spearman's signed rank correlation coefficients. Results: The examined handball players usually included the following in their diet: vegetables and fruits, and several times a week: refined and whole grain cereal products, milk and dairy products, eggs, poultry and pork meat, processed meats, sweets and confectionery products. Typically, once a week, they ate: sea fish, vegetable oils, nuts, fast food products, and sweetened carbonated beverages. It was shown that along with the experience in competition, the consumption of fruit and vegetables (p=0.045) and vegetable oils (p<0.001) increased, while consuming eggs (p<0.001) and fast food products became less frequent (p=0.001). A positive correlation was also found between the level of self-efficacy and the frequency of consuming vegetables (p<0.001) as well as milk and dairy products (p=0.004), and a negative correlation with the frequency of consuming eggs (p=0.049) and alcoholic beverages (p=0.007). Conclusions: In the studied group of Polish handball players, nutritional errors related to the low frequency of consuming whole grain cereals, dairy products and nuts, as well as a tendency towards more rational nutritional choices along with longer professional experience and a more intense sense of self-efficacy, were demonstrated.

Bilateral breast tumors can be either synchronous or metachronous. Synchronous breast tumors account for 0.2-2% of all breast cancers and have a poorer prognosis when compared to metachronous and unilateral tumors. Phyllodes tumor, benign or malignant, may be rarely associated with ductal/lobular carcinoma in-situ and less often with invasive lesions. Here we report a rare case of synchronous malignant phyllodes tumor in left breast and invasive ductal carcinoma in right breast, which were diagnosed on routine mammogram and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Extensive literature search showed two case reports of co-existence of benign phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma as synchronous tumors in contralateral breasts. No case reports of malignant phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma as synchronous tumors in distinct breasts was found and our case is the first one to be reported. Such synchronous co-existence warrants a strict follow up of the patient with further investigations to rule out another primary cancer and also screening of other family members.

Computational linguistics is a subject closely related to contemporary science and technology. The research results of computational linguistics have been applied in machine translation, information retrieval, natural language man-machine interface, and other important fields. At the same time, with the development of machine translation, problems have also emerged. This paper find out some deficiencies of machine translation and post-editing strategies from the comparison between Youdao translation and manual translation of Report on the Work of the Government 2021. Machine translation is ultimately a linguistic problem. In post-editing, translators should pay attention to context, logical relationships, four-word phrases, and so on.

Physical activity plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Hayes and Kriska, 2008). During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity is shown to be imperative in helping support a strong immune system (Chastin et al., 2021) and patients with COVID-19 who have been consistently physically inactive have a significantly higher risk of severe outcomes than patients who were doing some activity (Sallis et al., 2021). Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate the sufferer’s perception of physical inactivity and its social determinants among people with diabetes. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants with diabetes aged 40-60 years old living in the UAE in June-July 2021. The barriers of physical activity were explored through in-depth, semi-structured, audio-taped interviews. Barriers for physical inactivity were grouped around five themes: (1)Life-altering COVID-19: the pandemic that changed the world (2)Social and cultural norms: Islamic faith and family are the two most important influences among Arabs (3)Fatigue: prolonged sitting (due to long commute and sedentary jobs) and in some participants post-viral fatigue syndrome due to COVID-19 infection (4)Fear of illness: due to hyperthermia and comorbidities (5)Impact of lockdown. The prevalence of physical inactivity is high among Arabs. Weather restrictions and cultural obligations may lead to reduction in physical activity levels. Therefore, meeting physical activity guidelines can reduce the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes among infected adults and is likely to prevent increases in diabetes incidence in this population.

A descriptive survey approach was used in this study to investigate preservice teachers' gender-stereotyped beliefs and perceptions of gender-stereotyped classroom practices. Participants included 422 preservice teachers (196 males and 125 females) from Tumu College of Education in Ghana. The participants were chosen using a convenience sampling technique. The Teacher's Gender Stereotype Questionnaire, adapted from Ifegbesan (2010), was completed online by participants. To answer the questions asked, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. According to the findings of the study, pre-service teachers have positive gender stereotypes beliefs, and perceptions of gender-stereotyped classroom behaviors. There were also significant differences in gender-stereotype beliefs among pre-service teachers based on sex, age, and academic level. Correlation analyses demonstrate significant relationships among age, sex and academic level, and gender-stereotyped belief. Multiple regression analysis found that gender, academic level, and age are all predictors of perceptions of gender stereotype beliefs. The study's implication is the need of educating pre-service teachers about gender stereotypes. There is also a need for gender-sensitive knowledge and pedagogies to be integrated into teacher education curricula.

Background: Cesarean sections have been a part of human history from the beginning of time. There are legends from both western and eastern civilizations of this technique leading to live mothers and children. In today's obstetrics practice, pregnant women who have had cesarean sections in the past are becoming more commonplace. There are proven hazards to the mother's health following a cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies, such as placenta praevia or rupture of the uterine scar. Premature birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality have also been linked to it. Because of the risk of harm to the surrounding structures, repeat cesarean sections are extremely difficult to perform. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) of patients admitted into a tertiary level hospital. Methods: It was prospective, non-randomized, and observational, which involved interviewing all pregnant patients admitted in Gynae and Obstetric Department of RMCH with a history of one or more cesarean sections were included in this study. Results: Out of 50 cases mean age of the study population was 26.92±4.67. Eighty-four percent of study subjects received a regular antenatal check-up during their present pregnancy. A maximum number of 29 patients (58%) had BMI < 20. Before VBAC 40% of subjects had previous vaginal delivery followed by cesarean section, 4% of subjects had previous cesarean section followed by vaginal delivery, and 56% of subjects had only one delivery by caesarean section. All the caesarean sections were done due to nonrecurrent causes. Bishop's scoring during admission for present pregnancy was the highest number i.e., 30(60%) had dilatation ≥4 cm, 60% of the subjects had ≥80% effacement. Women presenting with established labor had a greater chance of successful VBAC. Most of the patients 39 had spontaneous onset of labor while in 11 cases were induced. Eighty-six percent underwent VBAC successfully, and 14% of cases failed to undergo VBAC. Six subjects (12%) had undergone caesarean section. During caesarean section, peritoneal adhesion (83.33%), bladder adhesion with lower segment (66.67%), liquor-stained amniotic fluid (66.67%), cord around the neck (33.33%) were found. It was observed that the majority (76%) of the neonates were born with a birth weight between 2.5 to 3 kg, and 92% of the neonates had an APGAR score 7 at 1 min and 10 at 5 min. Only 2 neonates died after VBAC, but they died a few hours after admission in the Neonatal ward. The mother of these two neonates was in a prolonged 2nd stage of labor on admission. Peripartum hysterectomy was done in one case due to extension of cervical tear up to the body of the uterus following precipitate labor. The average length of hospital stay was about 24 hours. after delivery for most (86%) of the mothers (after VBAC), whereas only 2% stayed for more than 5 days (who underwent peripartum hysterectomy). Conclusion: From the Study, it could be concluded that if a mother fulfilled the criteria, VBAC could be attempted as it has a few maternal and fetal complications. If risk factors are identified and proper antenatal care is given, VBAC could be successfully undertaken without any grave maternal and fetal outcomes.

The application of various Sukuk enhances infrastructural, financial, and economic development. Therefore, the usage and growth of Sukuk (A Shariah Compliant Islamic Bond) as a capital market instrument has shown impressive progress over the past few decades across Muslim as well as non-Muslim countries. Moreover, Sukuk based on profit sharing contract is much more beneficial than the interest-based bond, which dampens inequality, suppression, and speculation in the economy. However, the adoption of Sukuk depends much more on the country’s investor philosophy, infrastructural, and economic situation. Possibly, the capital market of Bangladesh with lack of Shariah-compliant instruments as well as majority investors from Islamic background is in severe need of Sukuk to overcome and satisfy the investment comfortability. Unfortunately, the system is not ready to accept such inception in terms of legal, regulatory, and human capital perspective. Therefore, this paper critically evaluates those challenges, prospects of Sukuk in Bangladesh and propose a Sukuk structure to be applied in Bangladesh considering its jurisdictions, investors, and economic circumstances.

The diagnosis of genetic conditions leads to the identification of at-risk family members. However, communicating genetic conditions can be abstract and difficult to comprehend. Therefore, it is important that those who were diagnosed with genetic conditions need to be supported and encouraged to communicate their conditions to their family. The objective of the study is to summarize and examine the effects of complex interventions to increase the communication of genetic conditions to their family members. In searching for relevant studies, various bibliographic databases and Cochrane Library were used. Hand search and additional electronic searches were conducted from 1 January 2000 to 5 March 2017. Data extraction was based on the PRISMA recommendation. Included studies were critically appraised using evidence-based tools and systematically synthesized. Lastly, meta-analysis and sub-analysis were performed. The seven studies included in this review used a complex intervention to increase communication of those diagnosed with genetic conditions. The meta-analysis's overall result (ORs=1.468, 95% CI=1.173-1.837, p<0.001) was statistically significant. This study provided evidence regarding the complex intervention's effectiveness to encourage those diagnosed with a genetic condition to communicate this information to their family members or at-risk relatives.

Background: Placenta praevia is one of the leading causes of antepartum haemorrhage usually responsible for significant maternal & fetal morbidity & mortality. Now a day, there is rising trend of caesarean section with parallel rise in placenta praevia specially the major variety where placenta lies in the lower uterine segment partially or completely covering the cervical os. Objective: To see the maternal and perinatal outcome of ultrasonographically diagnosed cases of major variety of placenta praevia with previous caesarean section. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive type of observational study conducted in the Obs & Gynae Department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh over the period of six months from July, 2017 to December, 2017. Total 50 patients were selected for this study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and diagnosed as major types of placenta praevia by ultrasonography. A purposive sampling technique was applied for selecting the patient with previous caesarean section. Data analysis was implemented using SPSS version 22. Results: The study result shows that 36% cases were Type III placenta praevia and 52% were central placenta praevia. Among 50 patients 54% patients were presented with history of previous one caesarean section & 32% had previous two caesarean section. 50.0% cases of type III & 80.8% cases of central placenta praevia with previous caesarean section needed peripartum hysterectomy. Out of 50 patients, 11 patients were complicated with urinary bladder injury, PPH occurred in 4 patients & 2 patients needed ICU support. That patient who needed hysterectomy massive blood transfusion was required. In this study no maternal mortality was observed. Regarding fetal outcome, 88% babies were alive & 12% were stillborn. Almost two third (66%) neonates were deliverd before term & 08 neonates were transferred to NICU. Conclusion: Placenta praevia is a matter of concern for the obstetrician due to devastating haemorrhage & adverse maternal & fetal outcome. Patients with major variety of placenta praevia with history of caesarean section are regarded as high risk pregnancy & these patients should be managed in the tertiary level hospital by multidisciplinary approach in presence of skilled obstetrician, expert anaesthesiologist, neonatologist, urologist along with all logistical support.