Background: Despite playing an essential role as micronutrients, when exposed to an excess level, heavy metals can augment the risk of potential health diseases among humans and animals. Due to environmental degradation and food adulteration, many people are becoming the victims of those diseases by ingesting heavy metals from those food sources. Eggs are one of the principal sources of proteinaceous food and eggshells are also a good source of calcium, therefore, it is necessary to estimate the frequency of heavy metals as the poultry feeds, nowadays, are contaminated with heavy metals. Materials and Methods: Five types of egg samples were collected from the Jahangirnagar University area including indigenous, white and brown layer chicken eggs, duck eggs, and quail eggs. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn was estimated both for egg contents and eggshells (10 samples) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry compared with the standard curve. Estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI) were also calculated to observe whether egg intake possesses any health hazards or not. Results: Among all the trace elements estimated, the highest concentration was 35.36±0.4 (Zn) in white layer chicken eggs, and for eggshells, the highest concentration was 0.69875±0.082 mg/kg (Fe) in Quail eggshell. Except for Fe, Pb was relatively higher compared to other elements in eggs, the amount of Pb was the highest in Quail eggs (0.486±0.09 mg/kg). All the six elements were also within the acceptable range in eggshells where the amount of Pb was the highest in Brown layer eggshells, and Cu and Zn were the highest in indigenous eggshells. Cd and Cr were below the detection limit for all types of eggshells. Estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values indicated that intake of eggs does not possess any health risk. Conclusion: Interestingly, the heavy metal concentration of our samples belongs within the PTDI and USEPA limit. Therefore, based on our study, all egg samples were safe considering the average egg ingestion in our country. If the average egg consumption rises, people might be at risk for higher Pb consumption through egg intake.

Background: In a gastrointestinal emergency, neonatal surgery is a very challenging and difficult task causing high morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, the frequencies of such emergency management are not very available. For this reason, we do have not enough research-based information regarding the outcomes and effectiveness of major neonatal gastrointestinal emergency management. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes and effectiveness of major neonatal gastrointestinal emergency management. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. In total 35 neonates with gastrointestinal emergency treated in the mentioned hospital were included as the study subjects for this study. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. All data were processed and analyzed and disseminated by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 programs as per need. Results: In this study, as palliative procedures, Sigmoid colostomy, Transverse colostomy, Gastrostomy, Ileostomy were applied in 26%, 17%, 14%, and 6% of participants respectively. Besides these, as definitive surgical procedures Perforation repair and Exploratory lap with release of the band were applied in 20% and 14% of patients respectively which were noticeable. In outcome analysis, we observed, as the incidences of postoperative complication sepsis, wound infection, anopia, and anal stenosis occurred in 14%, 11%, 6%, and 3% respectively. Finally, in this intervention occurrence of death was found at 26%. Conclusion: Now a day, pediatrics surgery has evolved as a specialty within the province of general surgery. But till now, the management of neonatal gastrointestinal emergencies is a very complex and difficult task for any physician or a team of physicians in any part of the world. Prompt patient transportation, earlier primary diagnosis and the arrangement of modern treatment facilities, and arranging high-tech medical equipment can save a lot of babies from such health issues as gastrointestinal emergencies.

Background: Personal identification remains the primary goal of every forensic investigation. In the present study, lip print was considered as a tool in personal identification as well as establishing ethnic differences. Materials and Methods: The study involved 300 randomly selected subjects (72 males and 78 females) from the Ikwerre ethnic group in Rivers State Nigeria. A 500 watts Solar powered HPG 3110 Photo scanner was used to capture the lip print of the subjects. The lip was divided into four (4) quadrants and five (5) lip types were identified in each quadrant (Type I, I’, II, III, IV and V). Descriptive statistics (frequency) was done to determine the distribution of the lip print patterns, while chi-square test was done to determine the association between sex and cheiloscopy. Results and Discussion: In the upper left quadrant; Type I [53 (35.33%)] was the most occurring pattern, followed by II [28 (18.67%)], Type I’ [27 (18.00%)], Type IV [22 (14.67%)] and Type III [20 (13.33%)]. In the upper right quadrant; Type III [44 (29.33%)] was the most occurring pattern, followed by Type II [33 (22.00%)], Type I’ [24 (16.00%)], Type IV [20 (13.33%)], Type I [17 (11.33%)] and Type V [12 (8.00%)]. For the lower left quadrant; Type IV [42 (28.00%)] was predominant, followed by Type I’ [35 (23.33%)], Type II [28 (18.67%)], Type III [24 (16.00%)], Type I [16 (10.67%)] and Type V [5 (3.33%)]. While in the lower right quadrant; Type I [36 (24.00%)] occurred most, followed by Type IV [33 (22.00%)], Type III [30 (20.00%)], Type II [23 (15.33%)], Type I’ [22 (14.67%)] and Type V [6 (4.00%)]. Except in the lower right quadrant, sexual dimorphism was observed in all quadrants; upper right quadrant (X2 = 21.75; P-value = 0.001), upper left quadrant (X2 = 22.60; P = <0.01) and lower left quadrant (X2 = 20.15; P-value = 0.001). The most occurring pattern for the population was type I [122 (20.3%)], followed by III [118 (19.7%)], while the least was type V [23 (3.8%)]. Type III [Male (M) = 64 (22.2%); Female (F) = 54 (17.3%)] and V [M = 13 (4.5%); F = 10 (3.2%)] were predominant in male subjects. While Type I [M = 54 (18.8%); F = 68 (21.8%)], I’ [M = 50 (17.4%); F = 58 (18.6%)], II [M = 51 (17.7%); F = 61 (19.6%)], and IV [M = 56 (19.4%); F = 61 (19.6%)] were predominant in female subjects. Differences in the distribution of various types between male and female subjects were not statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusion: Lip print was observed to be unique among individuals and also sexually dimorphic when considered according to quadrants. This finding will serve as a useful tool in forensic investigations.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor difficulties that affect individuals’ activities of daily living, and pose an increased risk to their health, and psychosocial development. The purpose of the study was to compare abdominal, and hip-flexors muscle strength, and endurance, flexibility of the lower back, and hamstrings muscles, Body Mass Index (BMI) and lower body explosive power between adolescents with motor difficulties and their peers without motor difficulties in a physical education setting. The initial sample consisted of 250 adolescents, 12-15 years old, who were assessed using Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2-Motor Test (MABC-2). Twenty-three adolescents who felt below the 15th percentile, according to the Battery’s Norm, formed the motor difficulties (MD) group. Twenty-three age- and sex-matched peers with MABC-2 scores equal to, or above the 16th percentile were selected randomly, forming the non-motor-difficulties (NMD) group. Adolescents in both groups were measured, individually, in the “sit-up test”, the “sit & reach test”, the “standing long jump test” and the “vertical jump test”. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Independent of gender, the presence of motor difficulties was linked to significantly lower levels of the above examined variables, except BMI. Independent of the occurrence of motor difficulties, boys outperformed girls in all the above variables, except flexibility. Conclusively, results of the current study support previous findings regarding the detrimental effect of motor learning difficulties on adolescents’ physical fitness. Therefore, improving physical fitness should be one of the main goals of any physical education intervention program and future research should focus on this issue.

Nature has given a large source of medicinal agents from plants for the past thousands of years, an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. The plant-based, traditional medicine system continues to play an essential role in health care, with about 80% of the world’s inhabitants relying mainly on traditional medicines for their primary health care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice towards herbal medicine (HM) in Raichur district of Karnataka. A descriptive, validated cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted for a period of six months. The survey was divided into 3 themes and comprised of 30 items that gathered information about the knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents toward herbal medicines. Approximately 50.5% of the respondents believed that herbal medications are better than commercially available prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Majority (72.5%) of them reported that they did not visit physicians for their complementary and alternative medicine use. The most common influences for using this type of treatment were family (65%) followed by the internet (29.6%). The most commonly reported herbal medicines used were tulsi (65.9%) and ginger (54.4%). More than half of the respondents (59.8%) reported that cough/cold is the most common ailment for using HM. The study revealed a high prevalence of HM use among general public of north Karnataka. More awareness and education about risks and complications of HM use are needed for general public.

Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) can provide a technique of fine-grained control. The suggested Enhanced CP-ABE technique includes the use of a proxy to securely communicate the key to users. The Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) Algorithm secures outsourced big data in the cloud by allowing public key encryption to safeguard data transported across an unsecured network like the internet. During decryption, the proposed RSA CP-ABE with Access tree structure for Secure Revocable scheme for Building Trust model successfully identifies the users who decrypt the cipher messages. For Third Party auditing, the Dynamic Attribute Tree approach is proposed to encrypt data based on its attribute. The attributes, together with data and keys, are stored in a tree structure, which aids in improving the dynamic update of data in the cloud. Bilinear mapping is used by the Dynamic Attribute Tree approach to validate the integrity of the data without having to retrieve it from the cloud. The experimental results reveal that for a 256-bit key length, the proposed Scheme achieves encryption and decryption times of 1638 ms and 1102 ms, respectively.

Ectopic pregnancies are rare and represent about 2% of all pregnancies. Unilateral ectopic twin pregnancy is even rarer as it represents only 0.5% of all ectopic pregnancies, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 20 000. It shares the same risk factors as ectopic pregnancies in general (smoking, pelvic infection, history of EP, maternal age, uses of assisted reproduction techniques, etc.). The most common site of implantation is the fallopian tube. Clinically, it presents with the classic triad of symptoms of ectopic pregnancy, namely pelvic pain, metrorrhagia and the notion of amenorrhea. The usual strategy for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, including ectopic twin pregnancy, relies mainly on quantitative beta-HCG level and endo-vaginal ultrasound. We report a case of ectopic twin pregnancy, in a 24-year-old primiparous patient with a history of upper genital infection 2 years ago and whose treatment was a left salpingectomy.

Ovarian ectopic pregnancy is a rare condition that carries an immediate risk of life-threatening hemorrhage and subsequent risks of infertility and recurrence. Clinicians should be well equipped to diagnose and treat this unusual form of ectopic pregnancy at the earliest .The incidence of ovarian pregnancy is increasing due to the rising incidence of infertility and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The diagnosis is often made during surgery and requires histological confirmation. Ultrasound can detect ovarian gestations in unruptured cases but cannot easily differentiate an ovarian pregnancy from another tubal pregnancy in a ruptured state. A conservative surgical approach remains the treatment of choice. In cases of ovarian pregnancy after early surgical treatment of the disease, the success rates of future pregnancies are considered very satisfactory. We report here an unusual case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy. Our patient is a 26-year-old nulliparous woman, with no particular history. Ruptured ovarian pregnancy was suspected by endovaginal echography. A laparotomy was performed urgently, showing a ruptured ovarian ectopic pregnancy, and a wedge-shaped resection of the ovary was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed that it was an ovarian ectopic pregnancy.

Mainstream and dominant global north-influenced social science scholarship in contemporary Nigeria dismisses the class factor in both socio-political engineering and scholarship as non-existent. While the chief priests of this brand of social science scholarship denies its liberal origins, undercurrents and ferments and claim to be neutral in its investigations, the dialectical-historical materialist method of social investigation prioritizes the class question. This study, an interrogation of the place of class in the politics of the Fourth Republic in Nigeria, examines the social forces which shape and direct current politics in the country, and why the country’s socio-economic, cultural and political development continue to fall into bouts of epilepsies and create a number of millions of citizens at the bottom level of society. But the study restates the fact that it may seemingly be unscientific for ultra-left thinking to centralize Nigerian politics mainly on class forces.

The study aimed at establishing the Involvement of government and non-governmental organisations’ (NGOs) Teamwork in the Advancement of quality education in Kisumu West Sub County, Kenya. Despite the efforts put by non-governmental organizations in promoting quality education in the country, there are several challenges that are encountered by NGOs which hinder their support in promoting quality education. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was 19 NGO Leaders, 111 Head Teachers, the SCEO, 111 Community Leaders and SCQAO, totaling to 243. The NGO officials, SCEO, SCQAO, and were purposively selected because they were few. A 30 percent simple random sample was used to get33 Head Teachers and 33 Community Leaders. Data was collected through questionnaires and interview schedules. To ensure face and content validity of the research instruments, 2 experts in the department of Educational Administration Planning and Economics of Kisii University were requested to scrutinize the research instruments so as to validate them. Reliability of the instruments was addressed through piloting in 5 schools and reliability coefficients were obtained by subjecting the instruments to a Split-half Technique and Spearman ―Brown Prophesy formula‖. The co-efficient of reliability obtained was 0.721 which indicated that the instruments were reliable. Data was analyzed qualitatively and SPSS programme was used. The findings of the study reveal that the majority (87) 88.6 percent of all respondents said that training on financial matters in the schools was done quarterly. It was recommended that the government to work closely with NGOs to provide quality education. Informed consent of the respondents were ensured and confidentiality adhered to.

There is no one implant system present that is ideal for every condition. Implant design research has been based on increasing the bone implant contact area or functional surface area in order to increase the implant stability and implant survival in poor density bone. Designing of an implant include both Macroscopic and Microscopic features. Macroscopic features include crest module, implant thread geometry and apical design of implant whereas Microscopic features include surface modificationS. This article reviews elements of various dental implant designs currently in use.

PBL (Project-Based Learning) is a student-centered approach in which learning is organized by means of projects. Students are required to explore problems with their teammates collaboratively and to display their output project. In this study, PBL has been conducted in three classes of North China Electric Power University (Baoding) for one semester to probe whether PBL serves as an effective way to combine explicit teaching content with implicit ideological and political education. Based on a questionnaire and in-depth interview, the results show that PBL enables value education to exert the impact on students’ development.

Introduction: Myocardial infarction is one of the most serious pathological condition in which the heart is irritated, inflamed and influenced by multiple factors to cause high mortality and morbidity in the developed and underdeveloped countries. Objectives: To see correlation between Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and adverse outcome following acute myocardial infarction in hypertensive patient. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional analytical study was carried out at the Department of cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh Bangladesh from March - 2014 to February- 2015. Patients admitted into cardiology department with Acute Myocardial Infarction with hypertension who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Due to time and cost limitation, 65 cases were selected. Results: A total number of sixty five patients were studied of which 56(86.15%) were male and nine (13.84%) were female. The age range was 40 to 70 years. Mean age of male was 52.9±8.4 and female was 56.5±7.5. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of presence of absence of electrocardiograph left ventricular hypertrophy. All patients had myocardial infarction with evidence of hypertension at admission or known case of hypertension. Group A consisted of 38 patients (58.45%) with ECG-LVH and group B with no ECG_LVH consisted of 27 patients (41.55%). The mean age of group A was 54.25 ±8.9 and group B was 52.55 ± 8.15. Majority patients (34) belonged to 40-50 years age group (52.30%). Twenty one patients belonged to 51-60 years group (32.30%). Ten patients belonged to 61-70 years age group (15.4%), male: female ratio was 6.2: 1. Out of total 68 patients, 43 patients (64.42%) had hypertension on admission and 24 cases (35.38%) had normal blood pressure on admission. Of the 38 patients of group A, 24 had anterior myocardial infarction (63.15%) and 14 had inferior myocardial infarction (36.84%) and 7 had both anterior and inferior myocardial infarction (10.76%). The statistical analysis was highly significant in between group A & group B. The incidence of QMI was highly significant (P= <0.01) between Group A & Group B. QMI was for more common in group A, the incidence was higher in presence of ECG –LVH. In group A hospital stay (days) was 6.74±1.53 days, and 14% had mortality. On the other hand, in group B, it was found that hospital stay (days) was 5.28±1.06 days, and 2% had mortality. 30 patients (81.89%) developed arrhythmia and 8 cases (21.05%) did not developed arrhythmia in group A. In Group B 16(51.85%) developed arrhythmia and 13 cases (48.14%) didn’t develop arrhythmia. Statistically, relation between Group A & Group B was significant (p <0.05). Statistical relationship between group A & group B was significant and this signifies the higher possibilities of occurrence of mortality in ECG-LVH due to hypertension with acute myocardial infarction than without ECG. Conclusion: The study concluded that ECG-LVH changes following acute myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension had more adverse in-hospital outcomes.

Retroplacental hematoma constitutes a major medical-obstetrical emergency, of unpredictable occurrence, putting at risk the vital and functional fetomaternal prognosis. Our work is a retrospective study of 60 cases of retroplacental hematoma that occurred at the Souissi Maternity Hospital in Rabat. These cases were identified from a total of 16864 deliveries, which represents a frequency of 0.35%. The main reason for admission was metrorrhagia. Among the etiological factors found, arterial hypertension dominated with a frequency of 40%. The average age of the patients was 28.31 years and 50% were primiparous. In 60% of the pregnancies, RPH occurred between 32 and 36 weeks of age. The diagnosis was made before birth in 65% of the cases, while in 36.66% of the cases the diagnosis was made only after the delivery examination. The classic form was found in 15% of cases. Therapeutic management was based on reanimation measures and uterine evacuation, taking into account the obstetrical and evolutionary circumstances of the retroplacental hematoma. Finally, the fetal prognosis was dominated by perinatal mortality, whereas the maternal prognosis was quite good overall, with no deaths. The improvement of the fetomaternal prognosis requires a better prenatal follow-up, an early diagnosis, and a rapid evacuation of the uterus without delay.

Limb-body wall complex (LBWC) is a rare, congenital defect defined by lateral body-wall defects, limb reduction abnormalities and/or craniofacial defects. The developmental pathogenesis as well as the etiology of LBW complex is controversial and has no sex or familial predilection. The poor prognosis of LBWC necessitates an early antenatal diagnosis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement and ultrasonographic examination is the key to prenatal diagnosis. Prenatally, the abnormal fetoplacental attachment can be detected ultrasonographically by the end of the first gestational trimester. Postnatal, the examination of placenta, umbilical cord and membranes is crucial in confirming the diagnosis of LBWC. The present case is associated with amniotic adhesive bands, thoraco-abdominoschisis, minor encephalocele, and belongs to the category of LBWC with craniofacial defects.