This paper aims at uncovering and fragmenting the foundations of Locke’s theory of knowledge as addressed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Systematically, it reveals the origin of knowledge, develops and evaluates the limits of human knowledge and the extent of understanding, as well as critically examines what is knowable with more emphasis on certain and probabilistic grounds. Certainty is attainable through two principal means, comprising the use of the human senses and adoption of abstract reasoning. The sources of human knowledge are significant in easing and enhancing our knowledge of God as it facilitates the justification of his existence, portraying orderliness in the world, and positing mankind as part of God’s creatures expected to implement moral lifestyles through the appeal to reasoning as a law of nature even when in a state of nature. The value of this principle is evident for self-preservation, including an essential moral obligation for the preservation of everybody. The ethical basis of the state of nature featuring both moral and natural laws, signals the natural moral nature of man as determined by a rational order designed by a rational and knowable God.

The study was carried out to assess the effect of oral administration of Moringa oleifera seed extract following aspartame consumption on the intestinal wall. Twenty-seven (27) rats were used for this study. They were divided into nine groups. Group A, the control group were administered distilled water, Group B were administered 0.4 ml of Aspartame, Group C were administered 1.5 ml of Aspartame, Group D1 were administered 0.6 ml of aspartame for the first three weeks followed by 1.5 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group D2 was administered 0.5 ml of aspartame for the first three week followed by 1.3 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group E1 were administered 1.3 ml of apartame for the first three weeks, followed by 2.5 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group E2, were administered 1.5 ml of aspartame for the first three weeks followed by 3.0 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group F1 were administered 1.4 ml of aspartame and 2.8 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed from week one to week four. Group F2 were administered 1.3 ml of aspartame and 2.5 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed from week one to week four. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The rats were weighed once a week. On the 28th day, the rats were anaesthetized via chloroform inhalation; the large intestine harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed and stained with Harris Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Blood were harvested for analysis of Blood Glucose Level. Data were expressed as Mean ± standard error of the Mean (M±SEM) and subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Significant difference between mean was accessed by Student-New-Man-Keuls post hoc test. 95% level of significance (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed extract could not protect the Large intestine from the toxic effect of aspartame while the n-Hexane extract of Moringa oleifera seed has a protective effect on the large intestine.

The purpose of this research is to provide light on the trauma experienced by females in Pakistan, particularly in upper Sindh. This research shall show how women are murdered in the name of honor as a result of this investigation. Nafisa Shah, the author of this book, has worked as a journalist, researcher, and administrator. She is from upper Sindh, which explains why she went into depth about the genuine unpleasant truths of Karo kari (A detestable ritual). The author recounts the instances of women who were assassinated in the sake of honor. Additionally, she highlights the experiences of women who strive for their life, escape, and successfully survive. Karo kari is a colloquial term for honor killing. Karo kari, or honor killing, is a long-standing ritual in rural Pakistan, particularly in upper Sindh. Nafisa Shah is a writer who stumbled into politics. In Pakistan, honor killing is referred to as karo kari. This deed is performed in order to restore the family's honor. This is a widespread practice in Pakistan, particularly in upper Sindh. Activists on both the international and Pakistani levels are working to end this practice. A qualitative approach has been used to analyses the text of Nafisa shah in order to get the desired answers.

Black pepper, the King of spices (Piper nigrum L.), is a widely used spice, known for its pungent odour. From time immemorial, plant sources were used in traditional systems of medicine and day-to-day common use, such as in meal preparation and cosmetic purposes. This is due to their vast pharmacological potential with beneficial effects. Among the various species of the Piperaceae family, black pepper is one of the most popular due to its principle pharmacological component, piperine. Which is an alkaloid that has diverse pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antiobesity, antitumor, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, antithyroid, antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, antiasthmatic, larvicidal, antihypertensive, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, bioavailability enhancer, immunomodulatory, antiepileptic, antifertility, GI stimulant, lipid metabolism accelerator, anticancer, CNS stimulant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, blood purifier and antiplatelet activities, etc. Due to the some religious values of black pepper, its being popular from ancient times which is beneficial to modern generation. This review is aimed to provide a literature review on recent advancement of chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacological activities, new Piperine based formulations and other general use of Piper nigrum.

Cervantes published the two volumes of his masterpiece Don Quixote in early 17th century that came to be known as the first modern novel as well as a precursor to the postmodern novel. This book is considered as a canon in Western literary tradition and is one of the most translated works. The novel has the dichotomy of ideal and real at its core, however, it deals with a multitude of themes through its complex narrative. This metafictional text that continues to inspire its readers even today, questions the definition of authorship as well as readership. It holds a special relevance in every age since the publication of its first volume in 1605, nevertheless, for varied reasons. In the present work, a detailed study is done to understand the multivalence and relevance of the myth of Don Quixote in different ages that are characterised by their distinct epistemic beliefs.

Tropical Eosinophilia was first described in 1940 and labelled as “pseudotuberculosis with eosinophilia” [2], the term tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) was first coined by Weingarten in 1943 [3] to a syndrome of wheezing, fever, eosinophilia and bilateral mottling of the lungs. This was followed by a series of reports describing similar conditions from the tropical regions such as the Indian subcontinent [4-6]. Here we present a case of a 12 year old boy who presented with complaints of ear ache and swelling on side of neck bilaterally and on examination multiple neck nodes were palpable. On peripheral smear examination and followed by bone marrow study, Tropical eosinophilia was diagnosed.

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of export diversification on economic growth in Nigeria. Annual time series data on GDP per capita, Theil export diversification index, gross fixed capital formation (for domestic investment), exchange rate and openness of the economy were the variables collected for the analysis for the period 1980-2017. Dummy variable for democracy was also constructed to test for the impact of governance on economic growth in Nigeria. To estimate the data, Autoregressive Distributed lag model, applying bounds test was adopted. The empirical results show that export diversification has positive but insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria both in the short run and long run. Similarly, domestic investment has positive impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. However, its impact is significant only in the short run. Exchange rate has negative impact on economic growth in the short run but its impact in the long run is positive, showing instability in the exchange rate movements in Nigeria. Openness of the economy has negative impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. However, its impact is significant only in the long run. Democracy dummy has positive but insignificant impact on economic growth both in the e short run and long run. Based on the findings,, it is recommended that the earnings from the oil sector should be channeled to the development of non-oil sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing in order to diversify the export base of the economy.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), also known as Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare developmental anomaly of lung with unknown etiology. It is seen most commonly in the lungs of infants and has features of both immaturity and malformation of the small airways and distal lung parenchyma. With the increasing use of prenatal ultrasonography, cystic lung lesions are detected more often antenatally, which allows for better neonatal management. We report a case of 3 day old female baby presenting with respiratory distress soon after birth.

Background: Pregnancy is associated with anatomic, physiological and metabolic adaptations to accommodate the fetus and prepare the mother for delivery. These adjustments are mediated by the hormonal influences of the placenta. The study is aimed at evaluating the pattern of changes of serum growth hormone and cortisol in normal pregnancy to access the possible effect of gestational age and parity on these parameters. Methods: A cross sectional study involving a total of 300 apparently healthy females (21-50yrs) with 200 and 100 pregnant females and non-pregnant controls respectively. The age of the subjects, last menstrual period, gestational age and parity were obtained using a simple questionnaire while the weight and height were obtained following standard protocols. Blood samples were obtained from the subjects and serum growth hormone and cortisol were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Results: Serum growth hormone was found to reduce in pregnant subjects compared to the non-pregnant control with the lowest decrease observed in the second trimester (p<0.05). Conversely, serum cortisol increased among pregnant subjects compared to the non-pregnant control, showing a gestational age-dependent increase (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that serum growth hormone and cortisol vary with gestational age with growth hormone decreasing while cortisol increases. The present study also highlights that parity appears not to have any influence on serum growth hormone and cortisol during normal pregnancy.

The outbreak of the unconventional coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on account that December 2019 has created an extraordinary state. Senna is a type of plant in the tropics. Senna, the sienna’s, is a huge variety of blossoming plants in the vegetable family (Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, clan Cassia). As It is a brand new variation of a deadly disease remedy alternatives aren't simplest confined however require painstaking trials to verify theireffectiveness. Due to the lack of information in lots of growing international locations, humans have begun out the usage of herbalmedications, used for numerous different diseases, to fight COVID-19. Misleading data on social mediaregarding “Senna Makki” has gone microorganism in the Asian nation. However, consumption of bush Makki isn't suggested as atreatment possibility for COVID-19 thanks to its several harmful associated side-effects. Though its use in different diseases isevident, trials to verify its effectiveness against COVID-19 got to be prioritized because the public has startedconsuming bush Makki in high doses and while not monitoring prescript.

Physical activity and exercise on a regular basis can help you stay healthy, energetic, and independent as you age. Exercise is essential in preventing health problems such as heart disease and stroke. Many studies have demonstrated the health benefits of regular exercise. This report examines the evidence regarding the health benefits of exercise across the board. Physical activity and exercise can help to lower stress and anxiety, enhance happy neurotransmitters, promote self-confidence, boost brain function, improve memory, and strengthen our muscles and bones. It also aids in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, blood sugar swings, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. It also aids in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, blood sugar swings, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Regular physical activity has been shown the useful in the primary and secondary prevention of a variety of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression, and osteoporosis) as well as premature death.

Everyone is stressed to some extent. The way you respond to stress, on the other hand, has a significant impact on your overall well-being. Stress is defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional, or psychological strain. Stress is your body's reaction to anything that requires your attention or action. Students are exposed to a wide range of potentially stressful situations in their daily academic lives, which can have a negative impact on both their academic achievement and their health. Among the factors that may be weakened by academic stress are self-efficacy expectations, which are regarded as one of the most important determinants of student engagement, persistence, and academic success. Sometimes the best way to deal with stress is to change your situation. Other times, changing your response to a situation is the best strategy. Short-term and long-term stress are both possible. Both can cause a variety of symptoms, but chronic stress can take a serious toll on the body and have long-term health consequences. As a result, they must be educated on healthy coping strategies. Counselling sessions and other student support systems must be better organized to address issues such as career guidance, healthy coping behaviors, time management, and improving self-esteem among those affected. It is also important to pay attention to making the study environment in the classroom less stressful and free of excessive academic load (Joseph, 2021). This would accomplish the aim of reducing academic stress, improving academic performance, and minimizing anxiety. This review article aims to discuss the causes and coping strategies for adolescents dealing with academic stress.

Intersectins (INSTNs) have been defined as scaffold proteins that have several biochemical functions. Initially INSTNs are described as endocytic regulators and function in different signalling pathways including Ras and Ras-like GTPases, PI3Ks and RTKs in several diseases. Recently, INSTNs have been reported in viral endocytosis. INSTNs was found to be upregulated in transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed protein from Dengue virus serotype four from our recent data. Hence, this review summarises the role of INSTNs in viral endocytosis by interaction with signalling pathways. INSTN-2 interact with K15 protein of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus by selective SH3 domain, INSTN-1 interaction with Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 2 (LMP2A), while direct interaction of NPF motifs at C-terminus of A36 with INSTN-1 and Epsin15 homology domains recruiting AP-2 and clathrin mediate viral release was reported in Vaccinia virus. Most recent, INSTN-2 was shown to regulate adaptive immune response during viral infectivity. This was discovered when mice deficient in INSTN-2 exhibited high mortality rate, impaired antibody responses to vaccination and reduced germinal centre formation in Influenza A virus. This review revealed INSTNs as essential viral endocytic proteins. The review also highlights INSTNs role in other diseases and the regulation of signalling pathways. Targeting INSTNs could be important for the development of pharmaceuticals against viruses and diseases. More study is required to establish the mechanistic role of INSTNs for viral endocytosis.

Background: Non-ST Segment elevation myocardial infarction is heterogeneous in its presentation. Like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is life-threatening of a major cause of emergency medical care and hospitalization. Patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction are at risk for adverse cardiac events, so the initial treatment is very important. Increasing age is a strong predictor of adverse events in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Objective: To determine the in-hospital outcome and severity of coronary artery disease of older patients with Non-ST Segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in the cardiology department, National Heart Foundation Hospital, and Research Institute from June 2011 to May 2012. Patients of Non-ST Segment elevation myocardial infarction admitted at National Heart Foundation & Research Institute who fulfill the inclusion criteria were the study population. Patients were recruited by nonrandom sampling. One hundred and thirty-four patients were recruited in this study. Data were prospectively collected in a pre-designed data collection form and analyzed using SPSS - 16 software. Results: In this study, patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension diabetes mellitus. Chest pain and shortness of breath were common presentations observed in study patients during admission. They had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction than their younger counterparts. The older group was associated with an increased risk of triple vessel disease. In-hospital complications were significantly higher in older patients. Duration of hospital stay was longer in older patients. Conclusion: Older patients with Non-ST Segment myocardial infarction strongly predict adverse in-hospital outcomes and severe coronary artery disease profiles. Older patients should alert physicians to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, which may, in turn, support more judicious treatment, including appropriate utilization of cardiovascular diagnostic tests and therapeutics used in current cardiovascular care to optimize outcomes in these high- risk patients.

Different factors involved in increasing the risk of infectious diseases caused by genetic and environmental changes. Due to high risk of infectious diseases such as chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, advances have been made in the fields of molecular sciences and engineering technology for highly effective tools and high-throughput omics technologies. Ebola virus is the most contagious as compared to the other viruses colds, influenza, or measles. Pathogenic bacteria are involved in causing of infectious diseases. Hib disease is the serious public health concern disease caused by Haemophilus influenza. Norwalk virus also causes serious abnormalities in the digestive system that ultimately leads to muscle cramp. Antimicrobial resistance have been challenging in the fields of biomedical sciences. Sequencing of bacterial genomes helpful for track the different status of fates of mutations that rise and fall through indication of multiple replicates. Genetic engineering based biomedical therapies needed to understand the target microbial cell, protein factory that secreted the variety of products.