The effects of Al content and ternary additions such as Mo, V and Si in as cast  based alloys made by plasma arc melting on solidification structures and mechanical properties were studied. The Columnar  /2 lamellar structures in Al-lean alloys due to primary  solidification had higher room temperature fracture strength and strain than  phase structures through the reaction of L+= in Al-rich alloys. The fraction of α2 phase was found to decrease with increasing Al content in binary alloys. Fractography revealed that fine translamellar fracture is a man fracture mode in Ti-48at.%Al alloy which led to a high fracture with more than 5%. The RT fracture strain was improved by the addition of 1.5at.% Mo and 1at.%Si. The mechanical propertied have been discussed in term of changes in unit cell volume and axial ration. In the case of Si, tensile properties coincided well with the change of axial ratio c/a. The strength and strain could be raised slightly to compare with binary system. The standard deviation has been low in lattice constant so deviation of c/a is 0.43% which is good one to help to analyze the strain in TiAl-X alloys. The first factor is c/a which means atomic anisotropy then is c*a2 which is unit atomic volume of γ phase. The decreasing c/a is to decrease the atomic anisotropy and increase the materials atomic ductility in TiAl-X alloys.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global public health problem, with WHO Western Pacific and African region worst hit. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated factors among pregnant women accessing Ante-Natal Care (ANC) at a tertiary hospital in Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that involved all the women that attended ANC of a tertiary hospital in Enugu State Nigeria for a period of 12 months (June 2020-May 2021). Data was retrieved from the patient’s ante-natal cards and entered into a pro forma. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25 and variables were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used to determine factors that affected the prevalence of HBV with the level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: All the ANC attendees in the hospital were tested for HBV with annual prevalence of 1.0%. The mean age of the women was 29.78±4.70 with a range of 16-46 years. Women aged 31 – 40 years, married and with tertiary education had the highest HBV prevalence. Occupation and parity were the only factors associated with the prevalence of HBV. Conclusion: The Prevalence of HBV among the pregnant women showed low endemicity.

Agroforestry helpful for maintaining the environmental a balance between soil and degradation of hazardous chemicals. Different ecological factors also playing important role in agricultural forestry. Agroforestry has multidimensional approaches for growing the new varieties of plants, cross breeding, and genetic exchange by developing the new varieties of trees. Agroforestry also playing important role in recycling of waste water through efficient treatment water plants. Cacao agroforestry systems are wieldy important in order to grow the specific number of pants growing the different varieties. Consuming of cacao at the optimum level can help with issues such as depression, stress, blood pressure and heart health. Sometimes, nature of soils able to regenerate into new trees. Poorly drained soils, excessive water or insufficient moisture can cause stunted growth and plant decline. Agroforestry strategies such as taungya system and silvopastoral system are reliable for growing the trees. Biofuel for large production of energy in industrials and commercial level by conserving the sustainable development.

The future trends from high technology to artificial intelligence industry are analyzed in detail. Put forward to the implementation of high technology and artificial intelligence products and put their possibilities into practice. Specific response measures are pointed out in two respects, indicating that they are urgently needed to run the factory products. In additional the artificial intelligence products shall be established in Africa in order to promote new and innovative energy. Due to its low labour and undeveloped industry many opportunity will await us to mine its countless chance and profit. Like south eastern Africa they can live together with better status because of their development. So if endeavor is imported many new project will be found by us together. Let us continue to pay attention to Africa for better benefit and common development. Scheme design should includes cost control which may be evaluated by relative institution. Once it passes by the construction will proceed relative plan to complete the building work. Only it fits to local status can it be done preparation work. For the purpose of the common development we should enhance the technological communication to construct the beautiful world with high artificial intelligence industries in African continent.

Introduction: Oroantral communication (OAC) is an iatrogenic complication that occurs most frequently after the extraction of maxillary posterior teeth. Various techniques have been described in literature for its closure. Nevertheless, regenerative medicine has emerged as a novel strategy utilizing bioactive materials such as Platelet-Rich Fibrin in management of oral and maxillofacial soft and hard tissue wounds including OAC. Case Report: The present report describes a closure of oroantral communication using PRF. The OAC occured after the extraction of the right first maxillary molar in a 68-year-old patient. After one month of follow up, the extraction site showed a good healing process without any local or sinusal complication. Conclusion: the closure of OAC using platelet-rich fibrin membrane is a less invasive procedure than buccal sliding flap or buccal fat-pad techniques. It keeps the vestibular sulcus depth. It is also autogeneous and contains growth factors, which helps to accelerate soft tissue repair.

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an uncommon illness of uncertain aetiology that arises between one month antepartum and five months postpartum in women without preexisting cardiac disease. This condition is associated with certain demographic features. There is no data on PPCM prevalence or risk factors in Bangladesh. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for PPCM are the focus of this investigation. Objective: A description of the symptoms and signs associated with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and to find out the risk factors (advanced age, multiparity, multiple gestation, obesity, preeclampsia and chronic hypertension). Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study, carried out in Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi during the period from 01 June 2015 to 30 November 2015. A total n=30 patients meeting selection criteria were included in this study. Results: Total 30 patients were included, 17(56.7%) primigravida and 13(43.3%) patients were multigravida. Nine patients (30%) presented during pregnancy and 21(70.0%) after delivery. All patients presented with heart failure and three (6.7%) were complicated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) at presentation. LV systolic dysfunction was present in all (100%) patients. Two patients had LV clot, and thromboembolic stroke occurred in another 3 patients. Echocardiography was repeated after 2 months and in 22(73.3%) patients LV functions recovered to near normal. All patients were discharged in stable condition. Conclusion: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a disease in which predominantly left ventricular dysfunction occurs in the peripartum period in previously healthy woman. Advanced maternal age, low socioeconomic status, elderly primi gravida and previous abortion play as major risk factors. The clinical course varies between complete recovery to end stage heart failure. Women presented early with moderate left ventricular dysfunction show a very good outcome.

The study area falls within the basement complex of northcentral Nigeria and covers four adjacent quarter degree sheets of 126 (Ririwai), 127 (Kalatu), 147 (Lere) and 148 (Toro) in some parts of Kaduna, Bauchi and Plateau States, Nigeria. This paper is aimed at interpreting the Aeromagnetic data to delineate structures in some parts of the Nigerian younger granite province. This was achieved by determining depth to basement, and developing a 2D model of the shape, location and depth of structures in some parts of the younger granite province. The anomalies on the aeromagnetic map were defined by fitting a first order polynomial to the total fields, by the method of least squares to obtain the residual field data. First vertical derivative and analytic signal computed, defined distinct pattern of the magnetic signatures. Depths to the source of the geologic structures where obtained from Werner and Euler deconvolution solutions which gives an average depths range of 231.2 m to 1040 m, with very few solutions having depths less than 200 m, the most prominent structure particularly the Ririwai ring complex have a depth range of 337.5 m to 465.5 m. The depth to basement for Werner solution ranged from 60 m to 420 m and the depth to basement of the contact model is shallow with depth of (60 to 420m) as compared to the dike model (200 to 420 m).

The moon image has rich associative meanings in both Chinese and western cultures. Since the moon which is symbol of eternity is accompanied by the development of human beings, therefore its associative meanings have always been enriched and developed in both Chinese and western cultures. Although the moon image in Chinese and western cultures has similar associative meanings, the reasons for their formations are quite different. In addition, the moon image shows great differences in Chinese and western cultures, which is due to the uniqueness of the two cultures. This article aims to analyze the moon image in Chinese and western cultures from the associative meaning of Leech’s categories, so as to find out their unique expressions of the moon image in Chinese and western cultures, which is of practical significance for cross-cultural communication.

Despite growing awareness of diversity deficits in the media and entertainment industries, women remain significantly underrepresented in technical and creative leadership roles within the visual effects industry. This paper investigates the systemic barriers and gendered career pathways that shape women’s experiences in roles such as compositors and supervisors drawing exclusively on secondary literature embedded within qualitative and quantitative studies. The findings reveal persistent patterns of occupational segregation, pipeline leakage, and symbolic marginalization. Women face challenges in attaining leadership legitimacy due to role incongruity, lack of sponsorship, and crediting practices that systematically obscure their contributions. Additionally, women of color remain virtually invisible in supervisory positions, underscoring the compounded exclusions at the intersection of race and gender. Through thematic synthesis and representation analysis, the study highlights four major barriers: role incongruity, work-life strain, professional leakage, and recognition deficits. It also outlines coping strategies employed by women to navigate institutional constraints, including behavioral adaptation, informal leadership, and horizontal mobility. Two analytic tables summarize disparities in gender representation and the structural barriers women confront across VFX roles. The paper concludes with targeted policy recommendations emphasizing mentorship infrastructure, inclusive credit systems, and reform of recognition practices. These interventions are critical to fostering equitable career advancement and institutional visibility for women in this male-dominated industry.

A cocktail made with the extract of three medicinal plants (Spondias mombin, Vernonia amygdalina and Momordica charantia) is widely used in the traditional Ivorian pharmacopeia for the treatment of various illnesses and brain disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible preventive effect of the hydroethanolic extract of the cocktail on anxiety and depression as well as memory disorders related to abrupt withdrawal from chronic alcoholism using a Mice model. Adult mice were either with vehicle (phosphate buffer saline, 1 ml/100 g, p.o.) or 20% of alcohol drink (2g/kg, p.o) for 28 days. Some alcoholic mice were concomitantly treated with cocktail extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o). Twenty-four hours later, anxiety and depression-like behavior, and memory abilities were assessed with behavioral tests. The level of oxidative stress markers such as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-protein-thiol (NP-SH) were assayed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The results showed that the cocktail extract significantly prevented at dose-dependent manner the abrupt alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior. In addition, the cocktail extract significantly improved the spatial learning and reference memory deficits observed in alcoholic mice. The results also revealed that the cocktail extract significantly mitigated the MDA and NO content, but in same time increased the level of NP-SH in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex when compared to chronic alcoholic mice. Our finding provides evidence that the cocktail of the three medicinal plants has neuroprotective effects against alcohol withdrawal symptoms and confirms its traditional use to relieve cognitive-affective disorders.

Thyroid benign nodules (TBNs) are the most common lesions of this endocrine gland and are prevalent diseases around the world. Among TBNs the colloid goiter (CG) and thyroid adenoma (TA) are very frequent diseases. An evaluation of the variant of TBNs is clinically important for subsequent therapeutic interventions, as well as for more clear understanding the etiology of these disorders. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine differences in the content of silver (Ag), bromine (Br), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), iodine (I), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), rubidium (Rb), ammonium (Sb), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) in tissues of CG, TA, and T. Thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) were prospectively evaluated in 46 patients with CG, 19 patients with TA, and 12 patients with T. Measurements were performed using non-destructive energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescent analysis combined with instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short- and long-lived radionuclides. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChE analysis. It was observed that in CG, TA and T tissues content of Ag, Br, and Hg was significantly higher, while level of I was lower than in normal thyroid tissue. In addition to these ChE, in CG and TA samples content of Cl, Cr, and Na was higher than in normal gland. ChE composition of T tissue differed from CG and TA tissues by elevated Rb level and reduced Se and Zn levels. The abnormal increase in Ag, Br, Hg level and decrease in I level in all TBNs might demonstrate an involvement of these ChE in etiology and pathogenesis of TBNs. In addition, elevated levels of such ChE as Cl, Cr, and Na can be also important for goitrous and adenomatous transformation of thyroid. It was supposed that elevated level of Rb and reduced levels of Se and Zn content in thyroid with T could possibly be explored for differencial diagnosis of T among other TBNs.

Vegetable oil-based fuels are promising alternative fuels for diesel and light fuel engines because of their environmental and economic strategic advantages. In this study, we prepared the biodiesel from Congolese underutilized, nonedible Oleaginous Plant A. floribunda Oliv, and we determined its physicochemical properties according to the international standards for biodiesels and petro-diesels. A. floribunda oil was extracted and transesterified by alkali-catalyst using methanol with KOH as catalyst. The maximum yield of the obtained fatty acid methyl ester FAME (biodiesel) was 87.23%. The GC-MS Chromatography of the obtained fatty acid methyl ester FAME (biodiesel) showed the presence of Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid in the quantity of 61.68, 35.20, 1.15, 1.27 and 0.68%, respectively. Physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, flash, cloud and pour point; ash, water and sulfur contents; and corrosion on copper) values of Biodiesel (B100), and B20 (FAME blend in Gasoil), were within the range of values set by the international standards specifications of Petro-diesel and biodiesel (American Standard: ASTM D-6751 and European Standard- EN 14214). Thus, these two types of biodiesel (B100 and B20) could be used in a diesel engine in substitution of the Petro-diesel (Gasoil).

Tobacco smoke is complex mixture, which is major source of toxic chemicals. Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. According to WHO estimations, 5.4 million premature deaths are derivative to tobacco smoking. The most frequent causes of tobacco-related death are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease and several types of cancer. Smoking negatively associated with the bone mineral density of the entire hip and femoral neck, and the exposure time was negatively associated with the bone mineral density of the total hip, femoral neck, spine, lumbar and the whole body. Smoking decreases the mechanical strength of the regenerating bone and postpones the mineralization, Indirect actions on adrenocortical hormones, sex, intestinal calcium absorption, vessels, oxygen supply, vitamin D, increased incidence of fractures and the loss of bone mineral content.

The grains of guar are dehusked mechanically, milled, hydrated and screened according to their use. The guar gum has many industrial applications. It is self-pollinated annual plant having 14 (2n) chromosomes number and belongs to family Fabace. Genus Cyamopsis belongs to sub-family ‘‘Papilionaceae’’ and the tribe ‘‘Indigofereae’’. In the textile industry, it is used in sizing, printing and in finishing. In the paper industry, enhances the sheets formation, folding and gives denser surface for the printing. In the explosion industry, it is used as a waterproofing agent. In milk products it is used as a binding agent. Their genetic diversity can be used as an active tool to predict the association between various characters in genetically different population for improvement of crop enhancement practices. Its yield with different chemical compound trait and is recognized to be related with a number of constituent traits and is extremely affected by environmental deviations. These traits are themselves consistent. The correlation is very significant in plant breeding for its consideration in dependency among two or more characters.

Fibro osseous lesions are poorly defined group of lesions, characterized by replacement of normal bone by a benign connective tissue matrix. Fibro osseous lesions of jaws such as Fibrous Dysplasia, Osseous Dysplasia and Ossifying Fibroma. Theses lesions have common characteristics that include common clinical, radiographic and microscopic features. Clinicians and pathologist experience difficulty in diagnosis and differentiation due to its significant overlapping of clinical and histological features. Many diagnostic terms have been used for these lesions in the literature. Therefore, proper categorization requires good correlation of the history, clinical findings, radiographic characteristics, operative findings and histologic appearance. Theses lesions have undergone frequent renaming and reclassification due to its varied features. This revies article is an attempt to simplify the understanding of this diverse group of lesions.