Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the motivation levels, attitudes and intensions regarding knowledge sharing among nurses. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in February to May 2021, on the nurses working in two Public hospitals in Faisalabad. A total of 300 nurses participated in the study. The main questionnaire based on the socio-demographic questionnaire comprises of the age, gender, qualification and work experience. Other than this, six tools which were used to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of the employee to share the knowledge with others. Results: Qualification, experience and position in the unit is directly proportional to that of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to share knowledge. Marital status of the participants is not strongly associated to the knowledge sharing items. Correlation between the different items of the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivational scales and employee knowledge sharing intentions. Shows that extrinsic and intrinsic motivation is associated to the attitudes toward knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing intentions. Conclusions: As the mean score of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is less hence, educators and administrators will have to adapt their strategies to facilitate collaboration and promote interactive learning among nurses. There has to be modifications in strengthening the extrinsic motivations and removing barriers of members’ participation. Additionally, there has to be individual sharing knowledge has to be motivated through appreciation at the unit level.

Aim: To study the demography, maternal and fetal causes of chorangiosis. Study design: A retrospective descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Total of 73 patients with chorangiosis were studied in Department of Pathology Saveetha Medical College, during the period of August 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: Study included 73 patients of placental chorangiosis. The clinical history and demographic data was obtained from the patient’s medical records. Thematernal and fetal causes were studied, and clinico-histopathological correlation was done. Results: This study includes 73 postnatal women, of whichthe rate of cesarean section was noted to be 69.8% and the mean value were obtained showed mean gestational age of 37.5 weeks, 70 live births and 3 neonatal deaths; mean placental weight is 480 grams and birth weight 3970grams. The mean 1 minute and 5 minutes APGAR score is reduced indicating the disturbance in fetal vitals immediately after birth. Conclusion: Chorangiosis is a rare illness, which is associated with an increased risk of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. So, it should be regarded as a key prognostic indicator of poor pregnancy outcomes and should be essentially reported in the histopathological evaluation.

Ovarian masses are a frequent cause of gynaecological malignancy. The risk of the Malignancy Index (RMI) is widely studied for the prediction of malignant pelvic masses. The objective of this study was To determine the diagnostic accuracy of RMI in diagnosing ovarian masses preoperatively for malignancy keeping histopathology as the Gold standard.it was a Cross-sectional study conducted in Gynae and Obs unit 1 Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Duration of study was months after approval of synopsis, non-probability consecutive sampling was used approval obtained from ethical committee. A total of 87 expected patients of having ovarian masses reporting in outpatient (OPD) and were admitted in wards were enrolled for the study. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. Ultrasonography (USG) and serum CA-125 levels of all the patients were done and scores were assigned to each parameter. The RMI was calculated for each patient. Histopathology was obtained and all the information was recorded on a predesigned Performa. RMI 25(28.7%) had positive and 62(71.3%) had negative findings. On histopathology findings, there were 25(28.7%) malignant and 62(71.3%) were benign masses. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of RMI was 92%, 96.77%, 92% and 96.77% with a diagnostic accuracy of 95.4%. The likelihood ratio for positive and negative was 28.52 and 0.082 respectively. RMI is a highly sensitive (92%) and specific (96.77%) method to identify ovarian carcinomas.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge regarding eye donation among students of Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Sciences and gauge their willingness for eye donation. Methods: The data was collected by online questionnaire method (Google forms) from medical, nursing and allied health care students for a group of 723 students. The questionnaire comprised of 30 questions covering various aspects. Knowledge, values, attitude and spiritual believes of participants were assessed to evaluate their willingness for eye donation. Results: Among 723 medical, nursing and allied health care students 449 (62.3%) were in the age group of 21-30 years with 479 (66.4%) being females and 244 (33.8%) males. Around 80% had knowledge about eye donation and 79.1% pledged to donate eyes. There was little knowledge regarding pediatric cornea donation and transplantation. Conclusion: The awareness regarding eye donation was high but pledge to donate eye and motivate others required further motivation. Various strategies can be adopted like educating students from all walks of life, focusing on strengthening the link between the hospitals and the rural population can further enhance the corneal procurement rate.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Acmella caulirhiza. The plant was harvested, identified, dried and pulverized. Five extractions were carried out: one by decoction and four by maceration with distilled water, ethanol/water mixture (70/30, v/v), methanol, and 95° ethanol as solvents. Phytochemical screening of A. caulirhiza extracts was performed according to the Sofowora method. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations by the microdilution method in a liquid medium, allowed the evaluation of the antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa NR 48982, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, Klebsiella pneumonia NR 41897. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging and Fe3+ reduction tests. All A. caulirhiza extracts contained phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, coumarins), mucilages, and resins. However, alkaloids, saponosides, cardiac glycosides, and anthocyanins were absent. They showed antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 8 to 32 mg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the DPPH extracts had concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.098 ± 0.011 to 3.9040 ± 0.319 mg/mL. The Fe3+ ion reducing activities of the extracts ranged from 53.120 ± 0.443 to 22.267 ± 1.006 µg/mL. The extracts of Acmella caulirhiza contain secondary metabolites that can justify the antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The use of this plant in traditional medicine in the management of infectious pathologies could be justified.

SARS-CoV-2 is spread by the micro droplets from the infected people or by the contact with the polluted fomites. The coronavirus infects the alveolar and bronchial epithelium cells and travels to the tiny air sacs and to alveoli. Monotonous laboratory-biomarkers can give the complete record of health position of a patient in severe medical situations. ACE2 serves as a regulator of renin angiotensin aldosterone systems, which regulates the blood volume, blood pressure, and balance of electrolytes in the body, in addition to acting as a crucial SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are nonspecific indicators of cellular inflammation and damage in COVID-19 patients. Biological materials from COVID-19 individuals have been used in various gene expression analysis, as well as those involving proteomic methods. Imaging biomarkers, which also include the magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography, are categorized into the several groups according to their activities and properties. High neutrophil count, lymphopenia and leukocytes are the simpler preliminary constraints which directly differentiate between the severe and non-severe coronavirus victims.

Introduction: Leadership is the process of influencing and directing others to be motivated to achieve a goal. Developing leadership in students is part of the authority of higher education institutions and this development program has taken place in almost all universities around the world. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the development of student leadership behavior at the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala (FON- USK). Methods: This type of research is descriptive with a cross sectional study design. Data was collected in May 2018, with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The number of samples is 382 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed by calculating frequency, percentage. the mean (mean), and standard deviation. Results: The results showed that the student leadership behavior was in the good category as many as 360 respondents (94.2%). With a value of x = 39.68% and SD = 45.21. Conclusion: This means that the leadership behavior of FON-USK students is at the upper middle level (x ̅ /total skor: 39.6/52= 76.5%) and the data are heterogeneous. This leadership behavior is inseparable from the implementation of various learning methods that have been developed by universities that help students to be able to develop self-skills and have a good leadership spirit.

In this study, the influence of Magnetohydrodynamics on free convection slip flow of an exothermic fluid in a convectively heated vertical channel is analyzed. The problem is solved analytically using perturbation series method and expression for velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt Number are obtained and also the influence of some physical parameters such as Hartmann number(Ha), Biot number(Br), Navier slip parameter(γ) and Frank-Kamenetskii parameter(λ) are discussed. It is observed that both velocity fluid and skin friction decreases with increasing value of Hartmann number.

Corruption is a special offense that is regulated separately outside the Criminal Code. In the process of handling corruption cases, the principle of priority or precedence in the settlement process applies. This is following Article 25 of Law no. 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, which states that investigations, prosecutions, examinations in courts of corruption cases take precedence over other cases in order to be resolved as soon as possible. The problems in this study are how to regulate the law of corruption in order to achieve legal certainty (Research Study at the Tanjung Pinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit), how to implement corruption law enforcement to create legal certainty (research study at the Tanjung Pinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit) and what factors become an obstacle or obstacle as well as a solution to law enforcement for corruption in order to realize legal certainty (Research Study at the Tanjungpinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit). This study aims to determine the legal regulation of corruption in order to create legal certainty (research study at the Tanjung Pinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit), to determine the implementation of the juridical analysis of corruption law enforcement in order to realize legal certainty (Research Study at the Tanjung Pinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit), to find out factors that become obstacles or obstacles as well as Law Enforcement Solutions for Corruption in order to Realize Legal Certainty (Research Study at the Tanjungpinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit). This study uses a descriptive method by using a normative approach (legal research) to obtain primary data through field research. The results of the study indicate that Law Enforcement of Corruption Crimes to Achieve Legal Certainty (Research Studies at the Tanjungpinang Police Criminal Investigation Unit) has basically been carried out well, although there are still many obstacles in the field, especially the substance and legal culture. It is necessary to have a firm legal regulation that provides a deterrent effect to perpetrators of corruption.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a business sector that has a reasonably reliable resilience in the face of various crises, both monetary and other financial crises, including in the face of the current world condition which is facing the Covid-19 pandemic. The research is empirical legal research using qualitative research. It was conducted in Manado, the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi, where many MSMEs require partnership in their development. The results show that the legal aspect related to partnership agreements through Joint Venture Profit Sharing by higher education is the first contract law; normatively, it has provided cooperation with other higher-education parties. However, this law only provides restrictions on cooperation in research and development. It does not regulate participation in the implementation of business activities or the possibility of a contract that clarifies the position of higher education in a partnership agreement. The financial legal aspect, the ideal form of a partnership agreement to be implemented by higher education in developing small and medium enterprises, is partnership through the Development of Science and Technology, partnership through modern cooperatives and partnerships with village-owned enterprises.

Background: Adolescence is the most critical phase of human growth that radically alters the physiology of the body and wherein any inconsistency can lead to serious health consequences in adulthood. In adolescents, the haematological and biochemical parameters change with age, necessitating a continuous age-related definition of the reference intervals. This prospective study aimed to examine the utility of new haematological and biochemical markers to assess nutritional status and possible health risks in children, adolescents and adult boys. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a sizeable group of 90 male participants aged between 10–22 years to inspect the distribution of values of common haematological and biochemical parameters. Anthropometrical measurements were carried with standard protocols, and blood samples were collected from participants in a hospital setting. Haematological samples were measured using pathology laboratory protocols. Hepatic, renal, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism markers were determined by following standard biochemistry methods. Results: We observed some differences between haematological parameters, hepatic, renal, lipid and glycaemic profiles among children, adolescents and adults. Amongst lipid parameters, only HDL levels were significantly associated with gender following puberty (p< 0.001), the calculated BMI levels were in the lower normal range. Conclusions: This is the first study establishing haematological and biochemical parameters in this part of India. These findings provide a helpful guide for clinical researchers and care providers. Studies on a large scale and in different settings would also be desirable.

Background: The ischemic myocardium should be promptly reperfused to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Conventionally, 2 approaches are the mainstay of reperfusion treatment: primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and fibrinolytic therapy which are considered as mutually exclusive therapeutic modalities. Primary PCI is considered as the gold standard for STEMI but in a developing country like Bangladesh, it is not practically achievable in all the cases because of various challenges. Therefore, thrombolysis followed by either PCI or non-urgent coronary angiography seems to be a more practical approach in not only semi-urban and rural areas but also in metro and tier-1 cities in Bangladesh. Objective: To arrive at a consensus on the importance of pharmaco-invasive (PI) strategy for patients of STEMI in Bangladeshi scenario when a delay in PCI is anticipated. Results: Leading experts across Bangladesh reviewed various fibrinolytics with reference to their availability, ease of administration and risk benefit ratios. Their views were captured in advisory meetings. They then discussed and presented their views and shared their experiences on the practicality of PI strategy in the metro and tier-1 cities of Bangladesh. Their opinion is captured in the present document. The panel opined that STEMI patients should be given PI therapy, wherever possible, using a third-generation fibrinolytic, namely, reteplase or tenecteplase if the delay in primary PCI of more than 120 minutes from the time of chest pain is expected. Immediate reperfusion by thrombolysis helps in preserving the myocardium and it also provides a time window for further PCI and coronary angiography, whichever is required. Conclusion: The experts concluded that when delay in access to primary PCI is expected, PI therapy is the preferred choice for STEMI patients. It should be practiced not only in semi-urban and rural areas but also in metro and tier-1 cities in Bangladesh.

Background: The objective of this research was to see how Dexmedetomidine affected the onset and duration of brachial plexus block and postoperative analgesia in individuals having upper limb procedures. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, and Tertiary Hospital in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. From June 2018 to December 2020. There were two groups of (n=60) adult patients randomly assigned to upper-limb and hand procedures each. When it came to the control group, they were given the same amount of Dexmedetomidine (dexmed) as the dexmedetomidine (dexmed) group. Still, they were also given the same amount of 0.75% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine (with adrenaline) as the dexmedetomidine (dexmed) 1 μg/kg. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block administered a total of 0.5 mL/kg in both groups. In addition to hemodynamic stability, patients were monitored for postoperative pain, analgesia duration, and side effects. Results: The dexmed group had a faster onset of motor blockade and a longer duration of sensory and motor blockade (P < 0.0001). For the dexmed group, the postoperative analgesic period was also prolonged compared to that of controls 12 [10.5–13.5] hours and 17 [10.5–19.5] hours in the control and dexmed group, respectively [95% confidence interval, −5 {−5, −4}, P < 0.0001]). Within the first 24 hours following surgery, the dexmed group used rescue analgesics less frequently. (P < 0.0001). Except for 8 and 10 hours after surgery, postoperative pain scores were equivalent between groups when pain levels were lower in the dexmed group. More sedated individuals in the dexmedetomidine group remained sedated for 2 hours longer. (P < 0.0001). We did not have any occurrences of bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, or disorientation. Conclusions: According to our findings, adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine-lidocaine increased the duration of the supraclavicular brachial plexus block and reduced postoperative analgesia in patients with upper limb surgery.

Background: The secondary postpartum hemorrhage occur in 1% of woman and is associated with primary PPH and retained placenta and may result significant maternal morbidity. Objective: To determine predisposing factor and usual management pattern of Secondary PPH. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among secondary PPH patients admitted in the Obstetrics and gynaecology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital during September 2011 to February 2012. A total 100 patients were taken as sample by non probability purposive sampling technique. Result: Secondary PPH was more common in multiparous woman 75(75%) and lower in primigravida 25(25%) Conclusion: Routine Ante Natal Care motivation for hospital delivery and active management of 3rd stage of labour with aseptic precaution may reduce secondary PPH as well as maternal morbidity and mortality.

Cancer biomarkers are the biological molecules produced by the body or tumor in a person with cancer. In order to place the functioning of biomarkers for clinical investigating, they are passed through different clinical trials in order to check their treatment rate as compared to the normal markers. Different genes are involved in causing the breast cancer and early diagnosis through biomarkers provides an effective way to control the mutations caused in cancerous tissues. Genetic biomarkers are those biological molecules that can detect the change in the DNA and RNA structures. HER2 somatic mutations lead to increase in progressions of cancer development non-small cell lung cancers as well as in breast cells. The most important biomarkers are ALF-alpha-fetoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene in the liver. Mutational defect in AFP gene leads to severe damage to liver. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the biomarker for inflammation in the body cells. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the biomarker used for detection of prostate cancer. Microsatellite instability analysis of a tumor which provides predictive and also prognostic information. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the important biomarker for the diagnosis of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease pathologies.