Different plants are used by human to treat different diseases. Ginger is an herb that belongs to Zingiberaceae family. Due to its high chemistry with above 60 compounds, it is used to treat many diseases and is beneficial for health. It is used as antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and used for nausea and vomiting and also improves immune system. Some compounds of ginger areshogaols, gingerols and zingerone. The aim of article is to shows the study of different scientists about the effect of ginger in different disease. Gingerol, shogaol suppress the production of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-8.Ginger is productive in glycemic control for people with type 2 diabetes. The active ingredients of ginger include gingerols, which exhibit antioxidant activity. Ginger plays an important role in improving the activity of gastrointestinal track. Due to ginger effect, the level of cardiovascular disorders, digestive problems and diabetes mellitus can decrease.

This study aims to describe the results of the revitalization of the management of the Diniyah Takmiliyah Madrasah in the City of Cirebon which includes the mission and mission, learning, curriculum, facilities, and infrastructure of the diniyah takmiliyah Awaliyah and its relation to Islamic life. Systematic exploration of information. In particular, this research analyzes the management of Madrasah DiniyahTakmiliyah, especially the Awaliyah level, and its relationship to the Islamic life of the citizens of the city of Cirebon. The method used is qualitative, evaluative analytic with the function of providing a very deep essence of meaning for facts, data, and news which is a research scheme containing an outline starting from statements, reasoning, and finalizing data. The results achieved in this study are that it is necessary to 1) be carried out by formulating a good curriculum and learning and adapt to the needs of each MDTA which refers to "Rahmatan Lil 'Alamin". As the basis for the basic philosophical concepts of Islamic education 2) Carrying out updates on its objectives, contents, and teaching materials, by followers the rules of use to be used as the basis for implementing guidelines to achieve Islamic education goals that refer to the vision and mission 3) Performing teacher skills, media learning, learning methods adapted to the vision and mission of each MDTA 4) Implementing MDTA management carried out using existing management patterns and characteristics in the community and the ability to adapt to the local socio-cultural environment, with a formulation that includes planning, organization, leadership, and supervision. 5 improve skills, commitment, qualifications, and professionalism. 6) Renewal of place, incentives for teachers, and completeness of infrastructure.

Rural health care system is closely related with the economic growth through boosting human capital accumulation that can be able to alleviate poverty. To what extent rural health care would manage and confront with covid-19 situation in the District of Nadia under West Bengal is the central area of this article. Both the public and private medical facilities had been faced with the situation of pandemic with poor infrastructure of rural health care systems through sub-divisional hospitals, PHC, CHC, HSC and other health care units in Nadia where both success stories and failures were simultaneously evident. The state government along with NRHM must attempt to upgrade and modernize the rural health care units spending higher health expenditure and recruiting more health professionals with doctors to fight against covid-19 type of pandemic and other emergencies.

This paper attempts to present the dissemination and transmission dynamics of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and the underlying features of gain-of-function research and geopolitics in the ambient within and across borders. Research and publication are relevant from perspectives in the management of local and global health because disease is perspicuously a geopolitical issue ostensibly linked to gain-of-function research where health diplomacy undergirds present and future global functionalities regarding the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. These have generated vehement reactions with propensity for extreme geopolitics and gain-of-function natural and anthropogenic activities. Geopolitical parameters and gain-of-function issues impact on the social determinants of health and vice versa. The convening and convergence of countries for unprecented epidemic or pandemic treaty settings or other formulations to confront emerging and reemerging infectious diseases will afford considerable opportunities concerning challenges in action, preparedness and response. Provisions are pertinent for legal instruments, effective and efficient systems to curb future threats and outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Biomineralization is the process by which living forms influence the precipitation of mineral materials. It provides organisms with skeletons and shells while they are alive and when they die they are deposited as sediment in environment from river, plants to the deep ocean floor. Biomineralization process is controlled by various factors like temperature, Organic matrix, additives, pH etc. Variety of applications of Biomineralization based technology in the construction has been reported. The Biomineralization is a multidisciplinary research area which briefly documents the future directions of the technology toward commercial scale applications.

Maxillary defects can occur due to certain bacterial, fungal and viral infections. But in recent time mucormycosis has become prevalent secondary to covid-19 infection. Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection, which primarily affects diabetic and immunocompromised patients. Surgical excision and debridement of the affected areas can result in significant defects. Reconstruction and rehabilitation of these defects remains a significant challenge for the clinicians because 3-D anatomy of the maxilla serves speech, swallowing and aesthetic roles. This review article discusses the reconstructive and rehabilitative methods of mucormycosis maxillary defects.

Background: Blood transfusions, crucial for emergency obstetric care, can significantly reduce maternal mortality rates. Obstetric transfusions are often urgent and unpredictable. Common emergencies include hemorrhages from ectopic pregnancy, abortions, and placenta previa. Transfusion rates vary globally, with 0.2%-3.2% in high-resource countries and higher in low-resource areas. Despite their benefits, transfusions carry risks such as allergic reactions and infection transmission. Aim of the study: The study aims to ascertain the indications and risk factors associated with blood transfusions in obstetric and gynecological patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, analyzed indications and risk factors for blood transfusions in obstetrics and gynecology patients over one year. It included 115 women, with 110 obstetrics and 5 gynecology patients. Inclusion criteria covered women undergoing cesarean sections, vaginal deliveries, or other gynecological treatments and those with obstetric complications like postpartum hemorrhage. Exclusion criteria included women needing transfusions after seven days postpartum or with congenital bleeding disorders. Result: The majority of participants (66.96%) were aged 21-30, with 85.22% from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The mean BMI was 22.55±4.07. Most women (69.57%) were in the 31-40 weeks gestational age range. Multigravida and primigravida were 51.30% and 44.35%, respectively. Over half (57.6%) were not booked for antenatal care. Cesarean sections were the most common delivery method (60.87%). Vaginal delivery was the most frequent intervention (33.91%). Blood transfusion was mainly due to postpartum anemia (39.13%). Packed cell volume was the most transfused product (62.28%). Most (94.78%) had no transfusion reactions, with urticarial rash in 2.61% of cases. Conclusion: The study found that blood transfusions in obstetrics and gynecology are mainly due to severe anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, and complications like placenta previa and DIC. Most transfusions occurred in women aged 21-30, primarily multigravida and unbooked patients, indicating a need for better antenatal care. Packed cell volume was the most common blood product used.

Molybdenum Complex with organic ligand is compound of great theoretical and practical interest especially valuable as model systems for biochemical process. Moreover, dithiocarbamate ligand is known to form stable Complex with many Transition metals. Interest in Complex arises because of its versatile structure of Biological activity. The Mo (V) Complex was optimized and a description of the structural parameters is given. Finally the complex was examined as potential antimicrobial agents.

Introduction: Amniotomy is an artificial rupture of the egg's membranes using a membrane piercer through the cervical opening of the uterus. It is an invasive method of induction and stimulation of labour that may increase the risk of complications during labour and early postpartum. Objective: to evaluate the impact of amniotomy on maternal and fetal outcomes during labor, delivery, and early postpartum. Methods: This was a case-control study with retrospective data collection over a period of 6 months from March to August 2017 at the maternity ward of the Gynaecological-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital in Yaoundé. Women who received amniotomy (exposed group) were compared to those who did not receive amniotomy (unexposed group). The data collected were entered and analyzed on Epi-info 3.5.1 and Statistical Package For Social Science SPSS 20.0 software. Comparison of variables was done using Chi-square (X2) and Fisher's exact test. The association between amniotomy and the different variables was measured using the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). P < 5% was considered significant. Results: A total of 193 deliveries were recorded and divided into 110 cases of amniotomy and 83 spontaneous rupture of membranes. The frequency of amniotomy was 76.92% in our study. Maternal complications occurred in 38.2% of cases in the amniotomy group and in 32.5% of cases in the second group with a P value of 0.255 (not significant). Fetal and neonatal complications occurred in 13.6% of cases of amniotomy and 21.7% of spontaneous rupture of membranes during labour and 13 cases of amniotomy versus 11 cases of spontaneous rupture of membranes in the early post partum period. The difference was not statistically significant between the two groups for the occurrence of complications (P=0.410). Conclusion and recommendation: At the end of our study, it appears that amniotomy is very frequent in our environment, but its realization has no proven impact on the fate of the mother and the fetus.

This study investigated the effect of peer assessment in Oral English achievement of senior secondary school students in Bayelsa State and the moderating influence of learning style. The study used the quasi-experiment research design. The population for this study consisted 24,769 senior secondary school II students in Bayelsa state. The sample for this study consisted of 360 senior secondary school students in class 2 (SS2) of public secondary schools in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Two instruments were used for the study. They were the ‘Oral English Achievement Test (OEAT)’ and the VARK Questionnaire. “The Oral English Achievement Test (OEAT) contained 25 standardized multiple choice items and was marked over 100. On the other hand, the VARK scale was a multivariate instrument with four subsections that measured the student’s method of learning. It was composed of 32 items with 8 items in each sub-sections. Face and content validity of the instrument was determined by giving it to three experts in Measurement and Evaluation specialty in the Department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling in University of Port Harcourt. Reliability of the instrument was determined using KR20. After analysis, a reliability coefficient of 0.79 was realized indicating that the instrument was highly reliable. On the other hand, the reliability of VARK was established using Cronbach Alpha method of reliability with an index of 0.80. Mean, standard deviation, and, paired sample t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that there is a significant difference in achievement of students in peer-assessment group (p=0.001<0.05). Based on these finding, it was recommended among others that student should be encouraged by the classroom teacher to carry out peer-assessment from time to time since it has been seen that it improves the achievement of student especially in oral English.

The demands of the twenty-first century have reshaped expectations for STEM education, highlighting the need for approaches that emphasize active participation, critical thinking, and interdisciplinary problem-solving. This paper examines the integration of active learning and inquiry-based science education (IBSE) as a strategy to enhance student engagement and achievement across STEM disciplines. Drawing exclusively from secondary sources published in 2021 or earlier, the study synthesizes theoretical foundations, instructional supports, and empirical outcomes associated with these pedagogies. The 5E instructional model and use of digital technologies are explored as effective frameworks for inquiry implementation, while formative assessment is presented as a tool for supporting student learning and reflection. Key enablers such as teacher professional development, curriculum alignment, and institutional support are discussed, along with evidence illustrating improvements in inquiry skills, especially in data interpretation and experimental design. The paper also highlights challenges, including limited progress in hypothesis formulation and systemic barriers to sustained implementation. Findings suggest that when active learning and inquiry-based approaches are embedded intentionally and supported adequately, they significantly enhance the quality and equity of STEM education. Recommendations are offered for expanding access to inquiry-rich instruction and fostering a culture of curiosity, reflection, and scientific reasoning in classrooms.

Ticks are a significant impediment to the establishment of cattle production units in West Africa, notably in Côte d'Ivoire. A research was conducted at the Yamoussoukro Dairy Station from April to July 2020 to help in the battle against ticks and tick-borne diseases. A total of 1560 ticks were collected from cattle at the indicated station, subdivided into three genera (Boophilus, Amblyomma, and Hyalomma) and four species (R. (B) microplus, R. (B) annulatus, A. variegatum, and H. truncatum). R. (B) microplus was the most prevalent species (48.08 %). The most common species (63.40 %), the most infesting (3.87 ticks/cattle), and the most active (6.10 ticks/cattle) among the cattle at the station were R. (B) microplus. The most common, most numerous (1.63 and 1.62 ticks/cattle), and most active (3.18 ticks/cattle) species among the N'Dama and Zebu were R. (B) microplus (52.73 %) and A. variegatum (50.91 %). The species R. (B) microplus and R. (B) annulatus infest Metis animals significantly. These species have the highest incidence of infection and severity of an attack. In terms of parasite intensity, there was a positive association between R. (B) microplus and R. (B) annulatus.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, often linked to weight gain and metabolic issues. Managing weight effectively reduces PCOS symptoms and enhances reproductive and metabolic health. This study seeks to assess the effects of a structured weight management program on clinical and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Methods: This pre-and post-observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to December 2019. A total of 200 women diagnosed with PCOS are included in this study. Data were collected before and after a 12-week intervention focused on lifestyle modification, including dietary counselling and physical activity. Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic variables were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 25.0). Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-intervention outcomes, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Significant post-intervention improvements were observed in the metabolic, hormonal, menstrual, and psychological parameters in women with PCOS. Reductions were noted in fasting glucose (4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L), insulin (10.4 ± 3.8 μU/mL), and total testosterone (1.8 ± 0.3 nmol/L). Ovulation frequency increased (3.2 ± 1.7 cycles/year), while depression and anxiety scores significantly declined (p < 0.01 across parameters). Conclusion: A structured weight management approach effectively enhances clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS. These results highlight the significance of lifestyle intervention as a primary treatment strategy in managing PCOS.

Delta variant is a variant of concern that WHO is tracking and monitoring around the world. It's a variant of concern because we know it has increased transmissibility. This has been demonstrated by several countries. And we know that where the Delta variant is identified, it really rapidly takes off and spreads between people more efficiently than even the Alpha variant that was first detected around December, January 2021. This review highlights the emergence of Delta variant among Indian populations.

Background: The adoption of digital resources and tools at the secondary level has been a popular strategy for improving student engagement and achievement. In rural and semi-urban districts such as Osmanabad, in Maharashtra, the use of technology like smartboards, e-learning, and the blended classroom model is an indication of the educational opportunity and systemic challenge at the same time. This research aims to understand how these tools impact students’ learning within the context of the localized educational and infrastructural realities of the area. Objective: This study aimed to explore the academic influence of three main digital interventions, viz, smartboards, e-learning apps, and blended classrooms in the secondary education of students (Grades 9-10) in the Osmanabad District. It attempted to determine the effectiveness of these tools and the contextual factors that mediated their success, including the accessibility, teacher facilitation, and student motivation. Methods: Using a qualitative-descriptive method, data were generated via semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers and 80 students, and 6 non-participant classroom observations in 6 schools. The method of thematic analysis was adopted to aggregate repetitive patterns and draw an interpretive understanding. Results: It shows the smartboards facilitated concept applications and active student participation, especially in Mathematics and Science. E-learning applications were valuable to students as they enabled self-based learning, albeit constrained by access deprivation. Mixed classrooms proved to be the best model, mixing flexibility with ongoing contact with the teacher. Yet digital inequity, poor infrastructure, and differences in pedagogical preparedness determined these on the whole. Conclusion: In summary, digital learning tools have the potential to significantly boost academic outcomes, but the payoff is greatest when the tools are pedagogically integrated, equitably available, and supported by trained educators. The findings of this study have implications for policy interventions that need to strike a balance between the advancement of technology and human-centred support for learning, particularly in underprivileged areas such as Osmanabad.