Postural management is an essential part of treating cerebral palsy (CP), but research in this area, particularly in the Middle East, is limited. This study aimed to assess how selecting the right wheelchair can affect spasticity, quality of life, and motor function in children with CP. The study included 35 children, aged 4 to 12 years, all with moderate to severe motor impairments (GMFCS levels 3 to 5). After four weeks of postural management using properly selected wheelchairs, there was a significant reduction in spasticity, as seen in improvements across key joints like the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hips (p < 0.001). There were also notable improvements in motor function, with GMFCS scores improving significantly (p < 0.001). Additionally, the children’s quality of life scores saw a marked increase, from 3083.9 ± 206.6 to 3538.6 ± 186.9 (p < 0.001). These findings stress the importance of choosing the correct wheelchair for children with CP, as it can make a significant difference in both physical function and overall well-being. The results also highlight how important postural management and occupational therapy are in improving the lives of children with CP.

The dominant discourse in organizational psychology is that work-family conflict is an un-defeated adverse with the effect of burnout, lesser job satisfaction, and low organizational commitment. This paper dispels that notion by revealing an intricate and counter-intuitive fact among university professors in Islamabad, Pakistan. We have used a solid quantitative, correlational study to survey 206 social science teachers in order to deconstruct the subtle relationships between the six specific dimensions of work-family interference (Time, Strain, Behavior-based both Work Interference with Family - WIF and Family Interference with Work -FIW), and the three different components of Organizational Commitment (Affective - AC, Continuance -CC, Normative - NC). We have found that there is a high overall positive correlation between Work-Life Balance (WLB) and Organizational Commitment (OC) (r =.325, p <.001). Nonetheless, the most impressive and theoretically important result was the always strong and positive correlation of Strain-based interference (both SWIF and SFIW) with the three OC components. The climax to this observation was that the strong relationship between Strain-based WIF (SWIF) and Normative Commitment (NC) (r =.357, p < .01) indicated that the fact that the faculty is stressed and tired because of their line of professional duties is a trigger to an internal moral obligation to stay in their institution. This "Paradox of Strain" suggests that in the environment of Pakistani public universities, where resources are limited and the faculty members usually work under a high level of pressure, strain can lead to the development of the sense of duty, a sense of perceived investment, and emotional attachment instead of its destruction. The paper not only adds a new theoretical insight to the existing WLB-OC research, but also offers important, practical insights that can guide university administrators in retaining and engaging their most valuable asset their faculty by changing the way they conceptualize and deal with strain at work.

Background: Cervical carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in developing countries, where screening facilities are often limited. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic profile, reproductive characteristics, clinical features, risk factors, and histopathological patterns in VIA-positive women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from July 2007 to December 2007. This study included 100 VIA positive women attending the OPD of Obstetrics and Gynaecology during the study period. Results: Most participants were aged 30–39 years (49%), resided in urban areas (64%), and were predominantly housewives (77%). Nearly half (48%) had parity between 3–4, and three-fourths (75.3%) experienced their first delivery before 20 years. The mean age of menarche was 12–13 years. Excessive vaginal discharge (54%), dyspareunia (44%), and backache (30%) were the most frequent complaints, while 35% were asymptomatic. Major risk factors included early age at first coitus (78%), early childbirth (75.3%), and high parity (61%). Histopathological findings revealed normal results in 25% and inflammation in 23%, while 29% had CIN I, 12% CIN II, 6% CIN III, and 5% invasive carcinoma. Overall, 52% had pre-invasive or invasive lesions. Conclusion: The findings highlight early sexual debut, early childbirth, and high parity as key risk factors for cervical pathology in VIA-positive women. Strengthening cervical cancer screening and awareness programs is essential for early detection and prevention.

Electronic health record systems transformed healthcare documentation by providing a system for storing and sharing extensive patient data. However, much of this information remains in the form of unstructured text, which limits its utility for computational analysis. Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a prominent approach to extract and structure information from free-text clinical narratives, offering the potential to unlock valuable insights for clinical care, research, and administration. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in NLP methods applied to EHRs, discusses open problems including data quality, privacy, and generalizability, and highlights potential future directions for the integration of NLP into clinical workflows. The conclusions point to the need for continued development of domain-specific language models, privacy-preserving techniques, and explainable AI methods to fully harness the power of NLP for healthcare transformation.

Promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent has important strategic value. It is the only way to break through key core technologies and serve the country's high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and strength. It is an urgent need to seize new technological tracks and shape new competitive advantages. It is a key strategy to accelerate the integration of the four chains and empower the high-quality development of the economy in the new era. However, the fragmentation and insufficient development of the education, science and technology, and talent system affect the innovation vitality and efficiency. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, in order to promote the high-quality development of employment, it is necessary to aim at national self-reliance and strengthen the top-level design and overall coordination of the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent system and mechanism. Aim at national strategic needs and give play to the important role of the new national system in promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Face frontier fields and future industries and explore and practice new organizational forms of scientific and technological innovation. Pool global education, science and technology, and talent resources and build an open ecosystem for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent.

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment for complicated type B aortic dissections. Late complications, particularly in chronic dissections, may combine multiple mechanisms such as proximal type I endoleak, false lumen progression, and true lumen compression, posing significant risks for rupture and malperfusion. Case presentation: We report the case of a 62‑year‑old man with a history of TEVAR for ruptured thoracic aneurysm secondary to chronic type B dissection. One year later, he presented with persistent thoracic pain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a proximal type IA endoleak, false lumen progression with distal re‑entry, and marked true lumen compression in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. The left renal artery originated from the false lumen. The multidisciplinary team opted for distal stent graft extension to exclude distal re‑entries, depressurise the false lumen, and restore true lumen calibre. Discussion: This case illustrates the interplay between persistent proximal endoleak, distal re‑entries, and false lumen pressurisation leading to adverse remodelling. True lumen compression is a key driver of malperfusion risk and reduced repair durability. Distal extension directly addresses both the haemodynamic and mechanical components of the complication. This approach aligns with the 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines, which recommend early reintervention for type I endoleaks in chronic dissections, particularly when associated with false lumen perfusion or malperfusion. Conclusion: Late combined complications after TEVAR require tailored, anatomy‑driven strategies. Distal extension can effectively treat proximal endoleak, false lumen progression, and true lumen compression in a single intervention, improving long‑term aortic stability and patient outcomes.

This review offers a critical analysis of “Language Education in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Opportunities in Language Pedagogy and Policy” ISBN: 978-3-031-91442-3, edited by Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Connie Mitchell, Tariq Elyas and published by Springer Nature Switzerland in July 2025. As part of the English Language Teaching: Theory, Research and Pedagogy series, the book investigates the major educational reforms underway in Saudi Arabia through the lens of Vision 2030, emphasizing English’s evolution from a marginal academic subject to an essential component of national progress and modernization. The twelve chapters present a comprehensive exploration of diverse topics, including classroom dynamics, teacher development, and systemic policy shifts, illustrating the complexity of language education transformation in the Kingdom. The review commends the book’s broad analytical scope, methodological rigor, and contribution to global scholarly discourse, while also identifying gaps in its coverage of longitudinal data, regional variation, and deeper critique of policy trends. Ultimately, this volume stands out as an important scholarly resource for research on applied linguistics, language policy, and English education in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region.

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Despite its benign histological appearance, rare cases demonstrate metastatic potential without malignant transformation, termed metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA). Case Presentation: Here in we report a case of a 32-year-old female with no comorbidities, presenting with a left parapharyngeal mass. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, lobulated lesion inseparable from the deep lobe of the parotid, with heterogeneous enhancement and cystic/necrotic components. Histo pathological examination of the resected mass revealed pleomorphic adenoma. Interestingly, metastatic deposits with identical histology were identified within the excised cervical lymph node. Conclusion: This case highlights the paradoxical behavior of pleomorphic adenoma, which, although histologically benign, may metastasize. Awareness of MPA is crucial for clinicians to ensure long-term surveillance following the excision of pleomorphic adenomas.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder that persists into adulthood in nearly two-thirds of cases. In adults, particularly in women, it often remains underdiagnosed, masked by anxiety or depressive disorders. Since familial transmission is well documented, a diagnosis in a child can sometimes be revealed in a parent. Observation: We report the case of a 35-year-old single mother presenting emotional exhaustion and relational difficulties with her 7-year-old son recently diagnosed with ADHD. The patient's developmental trajectory and life course suggested adult ADHD, reassured by the positive screening on the Adult Self-Report Scale for ADHD (ASRS-v1.1). The patient presented parental exhaustion with a marked reluctance towards psycho-stimulant treatment. Psycho-education was initiated and she agreed to take symptomatic treatment with hypnotics and anxiolytics. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of adult ADHD, often masked by depressive comorbidities and anxiety-inducing emotional exhaustion. Diagnosis in children should prompt systematic exploration of the parents' developmental history. It also highlights the obstacles related to pharmacological treatment, particularly when the previous experience of psychotropic drugs is negative. The mother-child mirror effect reveals the intergenerational dimension of the disorder. Progressive support, respectful of therapeutic resistance, appears essential to encourage adherence to care, thereby improving the quality of the mother-child relationship.

Gender incongruence in adolescents is an increasingly common clinical problem in child psychiatry, often associated with significant psychological distress. When accompanied by depressive symptoms and school refusal, it poses a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This article presents the case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl, seen for school withdrawal and mood disorder, in whom persistent gender incongruity was identified. The proposed clinical analysis aimed to explore the psycho-pathological links between gender identity, depression and dropping out of school, and discussed the clinical and ethical implications. In this context, care raises many questions around consent, the temporality of decisions, and the potential psychiatrization of the adolescent journey. It is essential to provide a space for free speech, without any specific direction. The role of caregivers is to enable a safe exploration of identity, while avoiding premature medical projections.

During the "14th five year plan" period, Beijing has made achievements in the artificial intelligence industry foundation, talent scale, education policy and international talent introduction, but in the face of the practical difficulties of employment, there are still structural bottlenecks such as the lack of refinement of talent classification, the disconnection between evaluation mechanism and industrial demand, and the lack of policy coordination. During the "15th five year plan" period, it is suggested to build systematic countermeasures from the three dimensions of "classified allocation, evaluation and incentive, and ecological optimization", including the establishment of "four levels and nine categories" dynamic talent map, the improvement of multiple evaluation and risk tolerance mechanism, and the strengthening of top-level design and regional collaboration, aiming to enhance the global competitiveness of Beijing's digital talent development, support the country's high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and high-quality development, so as to promote the high-quality development of employment.

This paper examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as “ChatGPT”, “MidJourney”, and Stable Diffusion into architectural and design education, with a particular emphasis on their potential application in Libya. The rapid development of generative AI has transformed higher education globally, shifting it from a teacher-centered paradigm toward more flexible, data-driven, and student-centered models. While international experiences have demonstrated significant benefits such as enhanced design exploration, improved critical thinking, and more adaptive assessment methods the Libyan context presents both unique opportunities and challenges that require careful consideration. The study adopts a critical inductive methodology, combining an in-depth literature review with an analysis of international case studies from institutions such as MIT, ETH Zurich, TU Delft, and Harvard GSD. Building on these insights, it proposes a three-phase framework for AI integration in architectural education: [1] a Preparatory Phase focusing on awareness and experimentation, [2] an Integrative Phase involving gradual curricular embedding and revised assessment practices, and [3] an Institutional Phase aimed at mainstreaming AI through policy reform, infrastructure development, and research capacity building. Findings indicate that successful integration requires more than access to technology; it depends on achieving a balance between pedagogical approaches, institutional policies, and infrastructural readiness. Within the Libyan context, gradual implementation tailored to local constraints and opportunities emerges as both feasible and necessary. The paper concludes with practical recommendations addressing capacity building for faculty and students, curriculum reform, policy development, enhancement of digital infrastructure, and the establishment of international collaborations. By following this roadmap, Libyan universities can adopt AI in a sustainable manner that strengthens educational quality while preserving academic authenticity.

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium of global veterinary importance, associated with a wide spectrum of diseases in livestock, poultry, rabbits, and companion animals. It can exist as a harmless commensal in the upper respiratory tract, but under favorable conditions acts as a potent pathogen, causing hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo, progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs, fowl cholera in poultry, and snuffles in rabbits. Pathogenesis is mediated by virulence factors including the polysaccharide capsule, lipopolysaccharides, adhesins, iron acquisition systems, biofilm formation, and the P. multocida toxin (PMT), which collectively promote colonization, immune evasion, and systemic infection. Advances in taxonomy and classification, from serotyping to multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome sequencing, have improved epidemiological understanding, though distinguishing virulent from commensal strains remains challenging. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging concern, particularly against tetracyclines and macrolides, threatening treatment efficacy in food-producing animals and increasing zoonotic risks. Vaccination remains central to control, with bacterins, toxoids, and autogenous vaccines widely used, though their cross-serotype protection is limited. Future perspectives highlight the need for next-generation vaccines, genomic surveillance, CRISPR-based diagnostics, and alternative therapies such as phage treatment. Integration of vaccination, antimicrobial stewardship, and biosecurity measures within a One Health framework will be essential to reduce disease burden, protect animal productivity, and safeguard public health.

This study investigates the relationship between sustainable business strategies, climate change adaptation, and competitive advantage in emerging markets, with a focus on North Central Nigeria. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews, and case studies to assess how businesses respond to climate-related challenges. Findings reveal that many firms have begun integrating sustainability practices such as energy efficiency, waste reduction, and eco-friendly innovations to mitigate climate risks. However, adoption levels remain uneven due to financial constraints, limited awareness, and inadequate policy support. The results further demonstrate that businesses actively engaging in climate adaptation strategies experience improved market positioning, resilience, and stakeholder trust, thereby enhancing their competitive advantage. Government policies, technological innovation, and collaborative networks are identified as critical enablers, while weak regulatory enforcement and infrastructural gaps serve as persistent barriers. The study concludes that fostering climate-resilient business models is essential for long-term sustainability in the region and recommends targeted policy interventions, capacity building, and private–public partnerships to strengthen resilience and competitiveness in North Central Nigeria.

The study empirically examines the role of institutional quality in shaping India’s economic growth over the period 1996–2023. Using annual time-series data, the analysis investigates the long-run and short-run relationships between GDP per capita and key governance indicators control of corruption, political stability, and voice and accountability alongside selected macroeconomic variables, namely health expenditure, trade openness, and foreign direct investment inflows. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is employed to test for cointegration among the variables, followed by estimation of long-run coefficients and an error correction model to capture short-run dynamics. The results confirm the existence of a stable long-run relationship between institutional quality and economic growth in India. Control of corruption and voice and accountability emerge as robust and statistically significant drivers of long-run per capita income growth, underscoring the importance of transparent and accountable governance structures. Political stability exhibits a positive but relatively weaker influence. Among the macroeconomic variables, health expenditure and trade openness contribute positively to long-run growth, while foreign direct investment is found to be statistically insignificant in the long run and negative in the short run. The error correction term indicates a rapid adjustment towards long-run equilibrium following short-term shocks. Robustness checks using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) corroborate the main findings. Overall, the study highlights that sustained economic growth in India is closely linked to improvements in institutional quality, particularly in reducing corruption and strengthening democratic accountability, alongside investments in human capital and openness to trade.