Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) experience balance impairments due to neuropathy, muscle weakness, and central nervous system alterations, which increase fall risk. While most studies focus on level walking, there is limited information about motor control adaptation during gait on inclined surfaces. Objective: To determine whether postural sway while walking differs between PLHIV at risk of falls and those not at risk during flat and inclined surfaces. Methods: Thirty-two PLHIV (21 fall risk; 11 non–fall risk) completed walking trials at 0% and 8% incline. The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale classifies fall risk. Postural sway parameters (RMS and centroidal frequency) were captured with accelerometers. A 2 × 2 mixed MANOVA compared groups and conditions. Results: A significant main effect of incline was observed (F(6,25) = 2.980, p = .025, partial η² = .417). Sway RMS and sagittal RMS were greater on level ground than on the incline (p < .001). No significant group differences or interactions were found. Conclusion: Inclined walking reduced sway amplitude while slightly increasing sway frequency, suggesting adaptive neuromuscular control. Incline walking may create a rigid or frizzing postural strategy in PLHIV regardless of fall-risk status. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating environmental challenges into fall-risk assessments and interventions.

Background: Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digit (FOPD) is a rare benign ossifying lesion of the soft tissues of fingers or toes. It may mimic other periungual tumors or malignant lesions, leading to diagnostic confusion. Case presentation: We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with a 6-month history of a painless, progressively enlarging nodule of the right index finger. The lesion was excised for cosmetic concern. Histopathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed spindle-cell proliferation with osteoid and trabecular bone formation, overlaid by hyperplastic and orthokeratotic epidermis. No cytologic atypia or mitotic activity was noted. Conclusion: Recognition of FOPD is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment. Molecular studies may show USP6 rearrangements, supporting its classification as a benign transient neoplasm. Complete local excision is curative with excellent prognosis.

Background: The integration of healthcare technologies in nursing has revolutionized patient care delivery and educational practices. Understanding nursing students’ perceptions toward these innovations is crucial for ensuring workforce readiness in technology-driven healthcare systems. Objectives: This study assessed nursing students’ awareness, readiness, and attitudes toward healthcare technologies, examined demographic variations, and identified perceived educational and training needs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 students at Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences using a 24-item Likert-scale questionnaire covering awareness, readiness, attitudes, training needs, and perceived effectiveness. Reliability was confirmed (Cronbach’s α = 0.963). Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA tests were performed using SPSS v25, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Students demonstrated high awareness (76%), confidence (86%), and willingness to use technology (84%). Year of study, GPA, and prior exposure significantly affected perceptions, while age did not. Participants emphasized the need for simulation-based learning, electronic health records training, and telehealth exposure. Conclusion: Although nursing students recognize the benefits of technology, structured training remains insufficient. Educational institutions must integrate comprehensive digital health competencies into nursing curricula to enhance readiness and promote patient-centered innovation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a major global health concern. This study explores awareness, public attitudes, and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS within a general community. A survey of 100 participants aged 18–50 years was conducted using structured questions to assess knowledge of HIV transmission routes, perceptions of openness, and social stigma. Results indicate that awareness of sexual transmission is high, but misconceptions about other transmission modes persist. Nearly half of respondents believe individuals with HIV should not disclose their status, reflecting ongoing stigma. The findings emphasize the need for continuous educational efforts to promote accurate knowledge and foster a supportive environment for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV).

This study explores the application of large language models in ideological and political education within college English writing courses, aiming to establish a new teaching model for such courses. Taking Unit 3, “Crime and Justice,” from the textbook University Critical Thinking English Tutorial: Writing 3 as an example, the paper analyzes the implementation pathways of teaching processes facilitated by large language models, integrating ideological and political education elements across the three phases of “pre-class, in-class, and post-class.” It is found that LLM-enabled ideological and political education in English writing courses can expand the scope of college foreign language teaching theory, help cultivate college students’ English writing and critical thinking, and improve their humanistic literacy, sense of national identity, and international perspective.

This work examines two interconnected lines of research: the historical analysis of the foundations of the Middle East conflict through Karl Baumböck's text, The Jews in World Politics and the methodological study for the authentication and detection of forgeries in historical documents. Baumböck’s text presents a narrative identifying three main centers of Jewish power at the time: Weimar Germany, Bolshevik Soviet Union and American plutocracy. From this perspective, it describes a program of Jewish domination, detailing its influence on the economy, politics, the press, and culture in each of these centers. For the Soviet Union, it emphasizes the role of Jewish figures in the Bolshevik leadership. The text argues that the ultimate goal of this project was the establishment of a world government, using liberal democracy and Bolshevism as parallel tools to dissolve national and racial identities. The second part addresses the problem of historical forgery. It establishes that the veracity of documents fundamental to historiography must be verified through rigorous scientific methods. Applicable forensic techniques are explained, such as spectroscopic analysis of inks and paper, the study of typewriters to identify unique characteristics and the examination of illegible signatures. As a critical case study, the so-called Wannsee Protocol is scrutinized. Its authenticity is questioned due to circumstances such as its discovery in 1947, being the only existing copy and lacking a signature. An authentication protocol is proposed, including material analysis of the document to determine the potential use of anachronistic materials.

This review article analyses the evolution of soft tissue sculpting in implantology, emphasizing the synergy of biological knowledge, biomaterials, and aesthetics to enhance peri-implant health and appearance. Assessing modern methods such as connective tissue grafts, creative flap designs, soft tissue augmentation using autogenous and alternative biomaterials, and digital planning for accurate tissue replication were among the goals. The review shows that immediate implantation with less invasive tissue handling produces the best stability and aesthetics, outlining the impact of surgical timing, digital processes, and emergence profile management. The multidisciplinary nature of contemporary soft tissue sculpting in implant dentistry is ultimately confirmed by the conclusion that tailored, evidence-based approaches incorporating biological principles and material selection are crucial for predictable, aesthetically pleasing, and long-lasting results.

This study examined the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of Datura stramonium (leaves, flowers, fruits, stems) and Garcinia kola (seed and seed coat) using successive solvent extractions and standard phytochemical screening methods. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed solvent-dependent variations. In D. stramonium, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, while dichloromethane and n-hexane extract predominantly contained alkaloids and steroids. Flowers exhibited alkaloids in all extracts, flavonoids and saponins mainly in methanol and ethyl acetate, and steroids in nonpolar solvents. Fruits displayed alkaloids across all solvents, flavonoids chiefly in methanol, and steroids in dichloromethane and hexane. Stems showed alkaloids in methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane, with steroids and tannins restricted to dichloromethane and hexane. For G. kola, seeds contained alkaloids in methanol and dichloromethane, flavonoids in all solvents, saponins in methanol and dichloromethane, and steroids in ethyl acetate and hexane. The seed coat exhibited alkaloids only in methanol, flavonoids in methanol and dichloromethane, tannins in methanol and dichloromethane, and steroids in ethyl acetate and hexane. Quantitative analysis revealed that alkaloids were highest in D. stramonium leaves (10.60 ± 0.53%) and fruits (10.40 ± 0.23%) as well as in G. kola seeds (9.30 ± 0.86%). Flavonoids peaked in G. kola seeds (14.00 ± 0.23%) and D. stramonium flowers (7.20 ± 0.29%), while saponins were abundant in D. stramonium leaves (11.40 ± 0.25%) and G. kola seeds (11.50 ± 0.08%). Tannin levels were generally low (<1.30%), with the highest in G. kola seed coat (1.26 ± 0.21%). In conclusion, the phytochemical richness of D. stramonium and G. kola validates their traditional use and highlights their potential as valuable sources of bioactive compounds.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular dysregulation and increased blood pressure; however, evidence in pregnant women in South Asia remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation and regression between maternal serum vitamin D levels and blood pressure components during late pregnancy. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from March 2019 to March 2020, involving 106 pregnant women (53 preeclamptic and 53 normotensive). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay and categorized as deficient (≤20 ng/mL), insufficient (21–29 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Blood pressure was recorded according to standard protocols. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with both systolic (r = –0.449, p < 0.001) and diastolic (r = –0.449, p < 0.001) blood pressures. Regression analysis indicated that each 1 ng/mL rise in serum vitamin D corresponded to a decrease of 1.68 and 1.2 mmHg in systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. Sun exposure duration and antenatal attendance were positively associated with vitamin D sufficiency. Conclusion: Maternal serum vitamin D concentration was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels through sunlight exposure and supplementation may support cardiovascular stability during pregnancy.

Background: Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCPC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, accounting for less than 2% of prostate cancers. It is typically characterized by low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, rapid progression, and poor response to hormonal therapy. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 71-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Imaging revealed a large pelvic mass, extensive lymphadenopathy, and innumerable pulmonary nodules, while PSA was 1.4 ng/ml. Pathology review confirmed small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCPC). The patient underwent systemic chemotherapy with six cycles of carboplatin and etoposide, achieving an eight-month disease-free interval. Surveillance imaging revealed significant locoregional progression with recurrent hydronephrosis, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and new liver metastases. Immediate rechallenge with carboplatin and etoposide. Conclusion: This case highlights the aggressive course of small-cell carcinoma of the prostate, characterized by atypical PSA kinetics, early visceral metastasis, and rapid progression despite systemic therapy.

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Identifying socio-demographic, obstetric, and biochemical risk factors is crucial for early detection and management. Objective: This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic profile and risk factors associated with pre-eclampsia at a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2023 to February 2024. In this study, A total of 70 pregnant women with a gestational age of 20–40 weeks, attending the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, ICMH, Dhaka, during the study period, were included in this study. Among them, 35 women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia were assigned as cases, and 35 normotensive pregnant women were taken as controls. Results: Most participants were aged 18–28 years, with no significant difference in mean age between cases (26.09 ± 5.39 years) and controls (24.94 ± 4.08 years; p = 0.321). Educational level and occupation were comparable between groups (p > 0.05). Mean parity, gravidity, and gestational age were also similar (p > 0.05). Serum CRP levels were significantly higher among cases (25.37 ± 14.70 mg/dL) than controls (4.22 ± 0.92 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Significant risk factors for pre-eclampsia included family history of hypertension (37.1% vs 14.3%; p = 0.030), obesity (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m², 45.7% vs 22.9%; p = 0.046), prior history of pre-eclampsia (17.1% vs 2.9%; p = 0.049), and elevated CRP (≥6 mg/dL, 80% vs 0%; p < 0.0001). Primigravidity showed borderline significance (57.1% vs 34.3%; p = 0.057). Conclusion: Elevated CRP, obesity, family history of hypertension, primigravidity, and prior pre-eclampsia are important risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Early identification of these factors may aid in risk stratification and timely intervention.

The pursuit of excellence in healthcare quality is perpetually challenged by systemic fragmentation, where siloed operations among critical departments like Nursing, Radiology, and Health Administration lead to communication breakdowns, clinical errors, and operational inefficiencies. This comprehensive research paper argues that the strategic and deliberate integration of these three pillars is not merely beneficial but essential for achieving superior, patient-centered care. The analysis begins by deconstructing the inherent weaknesses of the traditional "siloed system," demonstrating how it acts as a fundamental barrier to quality. It then elucidates the unique and complementary roles of each discipline: Nursing as the continuous, holistic clinical bedrock; Radiology as the pivotal diagnostic lens guiding decision-making; and Health Administration as the essential architectural framework that enables synergy through resource allocation, policy, and culture. The paper further explores practical models for "forging the link," including multidisciplinary teams, structured communication protocols, integrated clinical pathways, and interprofessional education. By synthesizing evidence from a wide range of literature, this research concludes that a conscious, system-wide commitment to dissolving interdisciplinary boundaries is the definitive pathway to enhancing patient safety, improving clinical outcomes, boosting patient satisfaction, and achieving operational excellence in the modern healthcare landscape.

The tariff measures launched during Donald Trump’s presidency substantially remodeled global trade patterns, with profound impact for India’s economy. This paper examines the impact of these tariffs on India’s export potential, trade balances, and sectoral growth, particularly in steel, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and agriculture. It also explores cascade effects through supply chain disruptions, shifts in bilateral trade relations, and the strategic reform of India’s trade policy. Using trade statistics, policy analysis, and global market trends, the study appraises both short-term and long-term impressions. The findings provide insights into how protectionisms abroad impact emerging economies like India, designing their economic sustainability and resilience measures.

Abattoir wastewater is a hazardous effluent, which is of high concentration of heavy metals (Cu2+, Fe3+, Pb2+) which are very dangerous to the environment and health. Traditional treatment procedures usually do not identify the high removal efficiencies needed to discharge safety. We synthesized TiO2 /CdS nanocomposite through a hydrothermal process in this study and examined its performance in the adsorption of Cu2+, Fe3+ and Pb2+ ions through synthetic abattoir wastewater in ambient conditions. The material had a high specific surface area (= 130 m2 g -1) and the TiO2 nano-particles were evenly dispersed on a CdS substrate as evidenced by the X -ray diffraction, EDX and BET analysis. The Langmuir model (R2 larger than 0.99) describing the adsorption isotherms was an indication that the monolayer is homogeneous, meaning that it is well-covered, whereas the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 larger than 0.98) demonstrated that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step. The findings confirm TiO2/CdS nanocomposite as a high-potential, reusable adsorbent to effectively extract Cu2+, Fe3+ and Pb2+ in abattoir wastewater, which is an economical alternative to traditional treatment. Moreover, synergistic behavior between narrow bandgap semiconductor CdS and high-surface-area TiO2 high affinity of the composite towards metal ions was also explained. The next step of work will be conducted in the pilot-scale implementation and evaluation of the performance of the composite on the abattoir effluents.

Plant Based Ingredients to make edible inks for 3D food printing might help solve issues about food quality, food nutrition, and sustainability of food. We examine the molecular, functional, & nutritional characteristics of different plant proteins, plant Fibers & Hydrocolloids to determine their potential & their use as food industry. Additionally, we look at the possibilities of plant protein-based edible inks for 3D printing applications, where a material's form or other characteristics might alter over time to allow for precise issue profiles & texture modulations. Because of their superior structure-forming capabilities, and also their functional & nutritious qualities, Wheat gluten, pea protein, Lentil protein & soy proteins are frequently utilized as an ink for the 3D food printing applications. The use of 3D printing technology to create texture & improve probiotic & nutrient encapsulation in plant-based compositions was emphasized. Recent developments in 3D printing have been documented using edible smart materials that have been subjected to air-drying and microwaving processes. It was determined that the market sector for plant-based foods will be disrupted in three ways by 3D printing, Plant based meat, Personalized nutrition & Sustainability. This review addresses the latest developments in plant-based functional ingredients, or non-traditional food sources, that can be used as basis materials for 3D ink formulations & attention to the novel ingredients, their physiological role, and how their inclusion affects the product's rheological, structural, and printing qualities. 3D food printing has shown remarkable results in providing individualized nutrition and customized foods