In vector control, plant extracts are increasingly provided numerous sources of phytochemicals utilized on mosquito control. Essential oils such as Lippia alba have shown their effectiveness against insects. Our present study aims to show the toxicity of L. alba essential oil on Anopheles gambiae larvae and to demonstrate the histological damage. The larvae were exposed to serial concentrations from 200 ppm to 1000 ppm. Mortalities were recorded after 24 hours exposure to determine lethal doses LD50 and LD90. Larvae treated with LD90 were fixed at 6h, 12h, and 24h to show the process of histological degradation. After 24 hours exposure, the results revealed that mortalities were 6.66%, 5%, 61.33%, 91.66%, and 91.66% for respectively 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm doses. Fisher's test revealed that there was no significant difference in mortality between the control and low doses (200 ppm and 400 ppm), (p = 1). On the other hand, mortalities were significant between the control (0 ppm) and doses ≥ 600 ppm (p = 0.0006). The lethal doses LD50 and LD90 determined using the Muller and Tinter formula were 554.4 ppm and 788.2 ppm, respectively. The histological examnition revealed that, the product acts between 6h and 24h through with progressive destruction of the nervous system, muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and digestive tract. It appears that L. alba essential oil constitutes a product with a larvicidal effect and could be evaluated in a natural breeding sites against vector mosquitoes.

This paper investigates the macroeconomic determinants of household consumption in 37 Sub-Saharan African economies with annual time series from 2000 to 2023. The determinants include income, wealth, exchange rate, and population. Using a battery of econometric techniques, the result suggested the existence of a long-run relationship between the household consumption and its determinants. However, only income exerted positive and significant influence on household consumption in SSA countries. Therefore, the paper recommended that policymakers in the SSA countries should focus more on the improvement of households’ income base in the region. Also, since income is an important determinant of household consumption in the region, expansionary fiscal policies (such as public investment in infrastructure, tax incentives for businesses, and support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)) should be aimed at, so as to increase employment opportunities, income and wealth creation.

The Indian pharmaceutical industry has demonstrated incredible tenacity and dedication in the face of the pandemic's devastation. Indian medications are popular all throughout the world, but particularly in the US because of their excellent quality and reasonable rates. India had a substantial growth in pharmaceutical exports relative to its overall exports during the pandemic period. This article aims to examine India's pharmaceutical product exports during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. To fulfil the study ,it used the literature from sources such as, Aaheli Ahmed et al.'s 2020 study, "The recent Coronavirus (COVID-19)Pandemic: A Review of issues for Indian Pharmaceuticals Exports," which highlighted potential trade opportunities for India's pharmaceutical sector in light of recent export policy interventions, RBI Bulletin July 15, 2021 (Drivers of Indian Pharmaceutical Exports), the Department of Pharmaceuticals' Annual Report, Government of India, 2021-22, the ITC Trade Map Data, etc., were among the other publications reviewed for this study. To achieve the objectives, the study utilized some indices. The BRCA index has been evaluated to analyze the export pattern of India with world at the disaggregate level (HS-6 digits) for Pharma sector. The RCA of a particular commodity is measured by the share of that commodity in the country's total exports relative to the country's share in the total world exports. The paper`s findings highlight that India’s RCA index is above 1 for API’s, Bulk Drugs and Formulations for the past many years. Whereas the value of this index is below 1 for other pharmaceuticals category over the period.

Diabetes mellitus remains a global public health problem associated with many complications. Acacia nilotica has been used in local management of diabetes and demonstrated anti-diabetic activities in animal model. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit-fly) has been used as a model for investigating pharmacological activities of natural products because of its genetic resemblance to human genes. This study aims at evaluating the anti-diabetic activities of aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica in HSD-induced diabetic Drosophila melanogaster model. The results showed that flies treated with 0.250 g/mL and 0.500 g/mL of the extract demostrated significant (p < 0.05) increase in locomotor performance compared with diabetic control. The aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) decrease in glucose, glycogen, trehalose and triglycerides levels in the treated flies compared with diabetic control. In comparison with diabetic control, the extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) decrease in MDA level and increase in SOD, CAT and GSH levels in treated flies. The aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica demonstrates significant anti-diabetic activity in Drosophila melanogaster model validating its anti-diabetic effect in animal model and its use in the local management of diabetes.

CRISPR-Cas nucleases have changed the world of genetic editing because they provides specific, programmable and scalable editing possibilities. These RNA-guided nucleases were first described in the adaptive immune systems of prokaryotes, but have since enjoyed a second incarnation in eukaryotes, where they edit pathogenic mutations, control transcription, and even alter epigenetic structure. The field of structural biology has shown distinctly varied architecture among Cas nucleases, such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and newly studied variants, and has shown the conserved catalytic cores, RNA guide recognition elements, and ever-changing structural dynamics of the target and the controls that modulate its cleavage effectiveness. Biochemical analyses have shed light on the mechanisms of interrogating DNA, forming R-loops, allosteric activation, and collateral activity, guiding the engineering approaches to improve fidelity and minimize off-target effects. Although substantial progress has been made, there remains the challenge of achieving single-nucleotide precision and reducing genotoxicity, as well as improving delivery efficiency to a wide variety of cell and tissue types. Advanced innovations in high-fidelity variants, base, prime editing, and Anti-CRISPR controllers have broadened their application and improved their safety profiles. While clinical trials for monogenic disorders like sickle cell disease and Leber congenital amaurosis have noted early successes, their long-term efficacy, immunogenicity, and ethical issues remain significant obstacles. This review integrates biochemistry and structural biology of CRISPR-Cas nucleases and focuses on mechanisms of their function and engineering that are central to the CRISPR-Cas Rational Design. The application of structural biology in conjunction with functional genomics and translational medicine aids in a refined and well-integrated understanding of the mechanisms guiding the evolution of CRISPR therapeutics. This review analyses the role of atomic resolution structures in guiding protein engineering, the role of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters in determining editing outcomes, and the role of evolutionary divergence in informing the selection of nucleases for specific purposes. Emerging trends, which include the use of compact CAS enzymes for viral delivery, RNA-targeting systems for the transient modulation of gene expression, and synthetic regulatory modules for the systems engineering of CRISPR, promise to augment the clinical reach of CRISPR therapeutics. These variances in application outline the junction of editing outcomes and the evolvable Technomic of CRISPR.

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is a common dental anomaly with significant esthetic and functional repercussions. This case report describes a 17-year-old female patient presenting with bilateral agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors (teeth 12 and 22), managed through orthodontic treatment using the Roth technique with space opening, followed by implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. The treatment outcome demonstrated a significant improvement in esthetics and function. The discussion compares possible therapeutic approaches: space closure versus space opening, and implant-supported versus resin-bonded bridge rehabilitation.

Postural management is a highly important issue in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP), but its use has not been thoroughly examined in the Middle East. The objective of this research was to determine how proper wheelchair choice could help in improving quality of life (QoL) of children with spastic cerebral palsy in Saudi Arabia. The sample used consisted of 35 children that were in a stable medical condition and had a Gross Motor Functional Measurement (GMFM) score of 3-5. The children whose parents did not consent were also excluded as well as those children who could not respond to the questionnaires of the study. The participants were all evaluated at three points namely baseline, after two weeks, and four weeks following a postural management program based on a wheelchair recommended by WHO. The findings showed that five, out of seven, domains of QoL showed statistically significant positive changes with a p-value of less than 0.001. These results will emphasize the great advantages of proper wheelchair choice in enhancing the QoL of children with cerebral palsy. Besides, the present research highlights the need to strengthen the understanding of postural management, paediatric rehabilitation, and how physiotherapy and occupational therapy may possibly optimize the treatment of children with CP.

Introduction: Rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with severe atrophy remains a major clinical challenge in implant dentistry. Conventional regenerative procedures, while effective, involve high morbidity, long treatment times, and increased costs. To overcome these limitations, the “Full on Shorts®” protocol was developed, based on the placement of short and extra-short implants in posterior mandibular positions, distributed vertically and parallel to minimize cantilevers and optimize biomechanical stability without the need for regenerative surgery or tilted implants. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated with the “Full on Shorts®” protocol and followed for a minimum of two years after implant loading. Four implants were placed in each edentulous mandible using a biological drilling protocol. All cases received immediate loading with provisional prostheses, followed by definitive prostheses after 3–4 months. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was conducted every six months, with marginal bone loss evaluated using standardized periapical radiographs. Primary outcomes were implant and prosthesis survival, insertion torque, and marginal bone changes. Results: A total of 36 implants were placed in 9 patients (mean age 64.9 ± 7.3 years). Mean alveolar crest height at implant sites was 6.57 ± 0.63 mm. The average insertion torque was 47.2 ± 13.2 Ncm, with higher values in type I bone (50.3 Ncm) compared to type III bone (37.5 Ncm). All implants were immediately loaded. After a mean follow-up of 39.1 ± 13.3 months (range 20–67), the survival rate of both implants and prostheses was 100%. Mean marginal bone loss was minimal, with 0.21 ± 0.49 mm mesially and 0.13 ± 0.48 mm distally. Only two minor prosthetic complications (screw loosening) were recorded. Conclusions: The “Full on Shorts®” protocol represents a reliable and minimally invasive approach for the rehabilitation of atrophic mandibles. The excellent implant and prosthesis survival, combined with negligible marginal bone loss and the feasibility of immediate loading, support this technique as a predictable alternative to conventional regenerative or tilted implant protocols.

Background: Understanding the perception of attractiveness in the chin position relative to the aesthetic level of the E-line is crucial for improving aesthetic outcomes in orthodontic. This study aimed to examine the extent to which changes in the chin position at sagittal plane relative to the E-line are observed in terms of attractiveness among laypeople, dentists and orthodontists. Material and methods: A digital portrait of adult woman was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) for the study. The image was digitally altered using Adobe Photoshop to create 3 images and presented to 60 orthodontists and 60 laypeople for evaluation of their perception of facial profile attractiveness on a visual value rating scale of (1 to 5). Results: The study results showed that a repeat measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the effect of chin position profile in relation to the E-line (based on three images) on facial attractiveness ratings, and whether this effect differed between orthodontists and laypeople. However, there was a significant interaction between image type and participant group (Wilks' Lambda Test). Conclusions: Orthodontists and Laypeople rated the retrusive chin as more attractive than the protrusive of the chin. Future research should further explore how demographic and cultural factors influence these aesthetic judgments.

Dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A lipid profile of an organism is a direct measure of three blood components namely; total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and high density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C). Hypercholesterolemia is a lipoprotein metabolic disorder characterized by high serum low density lipoprotein and blood cholesterol and one of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and lipid abnormalities. There have been many claims that most, if not all brands of vegetable oil in Nigeria is cholesterol free. Hence the study was undertaken to see the effect of vegetable oils in Nigeria on the lipid profile of albino rats induced with dyslipidaemia using dexamethasone. The phytochemical analysis and lipid profiles of albino rats treated with two vegetable oils were undertaken. Five groups of five rats were used in the study as follows: Group 1: Normal control- no induction no treatment, Group 2: Induction of dyslipidemia using dexamethasone (1 mg/kg bw) for 5 days only, Group 3: Treatment of induced dyslipidemia using a standard statin (20 mg/kg bw), Group 4: Induction + 3 ml/kg bw vegetable oil after induction, Group 5: Treatment without dyslipidemia using vegetable oil (3 ml/kg bw). The treatment lasted for 14 days and thereafter, the rats were fasted overnight and blood samples were taken through ocular puncture. The results showed various phytochemicals such as terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and alkaloids. The lipid profiles of the albino rats revealed that a non-significant (P>0.05) increase was observed in serum total cholesterol level of groups 3 and 5 when compared to group 2 while group 4 recorded a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease when compared to group 2. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) increase in serum triacylglycerol level of groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared to group 2. The result also showed a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in serum HDL level in groups 3, 4, and 5 compared to group 2. Also, group 3 indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum LDL level compared to group 2 while group 4 recorded a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in serum LDL level compared to group 2. However, a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum LDL level was recorded in group 5 compared to group 2. The second vegetable oil revealed that group 3 indicated a non-significant (p>0.05) increase in total cholesterol level while groups 4 and 5 recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease compared to group 2. Groups 3, 4 and 5 recorded a non-significant (p>0.05) increase in TAG compared to group 2. Group 3 recorded a significant (p<0.05) increase in LDL compared to group 2. Group 4 recorded a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease while group 5 recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in LDL compared to group 2. Groups 3, and 5 recorded a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease in HDL compared to group 2. Group 4 showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in HDL compared to group 2. However, among the oil treated groups, TAG was found to be within range compared to the control group. Thus, the results of this present study imply that the consumption of vegetable oil for a long time could influence the risk of cardiovascular disease since they elicited an elevation of LDL-cholesterol and lowered HDL-cholesterol. Caution should, therefore, be applied on the consumption of vegetable oils as continuous use may have impact on lipid profile thereby causing dyslipidaemia.

Quantum-inspired nanobiotechnology re-conceptualizes conventional bioassays by utilizing the waveparticle duality in quantum physics. Rather than considering photons, electrons or excitations strictly as wave or particle, the aim is to develop assays that exploit both aspects of their duality for ultra-sensitive, specific and informative bioassay designs. Wave-oriented assays utilize interference and coherence to amplify signals from a single molecule, particle-centric assays quantitatively count discrete events, such as an electron tunnelling through a nanopore, or photons emitted from a quantum dot; and correlation-centric assays exploit entanglement and quantum correlations to surpass classical noise thresholds. In total, these forms of bioassays provide powerful designs for In Vitro diagnostics, live-cell imaging and translational medicine. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of wave-centric, particle-centric, and correlation-centric bioassays, clarify their advantages and disadvantages, and point out the potential to merge and expand with artificial intelligence (AI), hybrid nanodevices that incorporate nanobiotechnologies, and nanotheranostics. We also cover health and safety, biocompatibility, ethical, and regulatory considerations that need to be considered in order to transition quantum-inspired bioassays from the lab to the clinic. Ultimately, we will suggest a roadmap for the next decade of this rapidly developing field.

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Abiraterone and Niraparib in syrup dosage form. Chromatogram was run through AgilentC18150 x 4.6 mm, 5m. Mobile phase containing 0.01N Potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate: Methanol taken in the ratio 60:40was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 260nm. A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Abiraterone and Niraparib in tablet dosage form. Retention time of Abiraterone and Niraparib were found to be 2.185 min and 2.660 min. %RSD of the Abiraterone and Niraparib were and found to be 0.6 and 0.3 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.09% and 99.60% for Abiraterone and Niraparib respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Abiraterone and Niraparib were 0.26, 0.80and 0.03, 0.08 respectively. Regression equation of Niraparib is y = 90785x + 1183.6 and y = 42063x + 50388 of Abiraterone. Retention times were decreased and run time was decreased, so the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries.

Groundwater is main source of drinking water in Al-Abbasiya locality. The study aimed to evaluate Physiochemical properties of ground water comparing with Sudanese Standardization Metrology Organization (SSMO) and World Health Organization (WHO). This study was conducted in 2019. 20 samples of water were randomly collected from different areas, and carefully stored. the samples were analysed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (A.A.S), pH Meter, Conductivity meter (E.C), Turbidity meter. the analyses were carried out in Water Quality Lab Unesco Khartoum. the following parameters such as: pH, Electronic Conductivity (E.C), Turbidity, Total Hardness (T.H), Total Dissolved Salt (T.D.S), and total alkalinity (T.A), in addition to some cations, (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+) and anions such as: (F-, CI-, SO43-, NO32-, NO2-). The results showed that, pH ranging between (7.7-6.7), Electronic Conductivity (E.C), (3450-575 μs/cm), Turbidity (10.5 - 1.1) NTU, Total Hardness (T.H) (436-308 mg/L) and Total Dissolved Salt (T.D.S) (1170-286 mg/L), the values of alkalinity (TA) found (450 - 316 mg/L), Na+ (87-33 mg/L), K+ (2.0 -1.1 mg/L), Mg2+ (69.5-5.35 mg/L), Ca2+ (81.6- 25.8 mg/L), Mn2+ (0.9-0.02 mg/L), Fe2+ (0.08-0.03 mg/L), NH4+ (0.35- 0.10 mg/L), F- ( 2.10- 0.5 mg/L ), Cl- (23- 3.54 mg/L), NO3- (36.1- 0.03 mg/L), NO2- (11.8- 0.02 mg/L), SO42- (440- 011 mg/L), CO42- (364 - 170 mg/L), all samples revealed pH and total solubility values of salt within permissible limits according to drinking water quality guidelines of WHO and SSMO, except sample No. S10 (Al-gabal Al- ahamar), which contained slightly higher than the acceptable limit (1170 mg/L), and all showed higher electrical conductivity than the approved limit excluding samples No (S4 and S7) which were recorded values less than permitted standard (120 and 98) respectively. The hardness of the all samples were within allowed range and from analysed the values of dissolved bicarbonate, nitrate and salts were noted lower than their standard values, 0.3 mg/L. Concentration of Magnesium 25 mg/L and Calcium 45 mg/L in some samples are less than suggested range. As the result of these findings the water can be use without treatment with the exception of (S4 and S7) remained unfit for human usage due to increase in total dissolved salts.

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone disease characterized by defective bone resorption due to impaired osteoclast function or differentiation. This results in generalized osteosclerosis and leads to multiple complications including hematologic failure, neurological compression, skeletal deformities, dental anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological, radiological, and genetic findings. The only curative treatment for severe forms is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is most effective when performed early. New therapeutic strategies under investigation include gene therapy, immunomodulators, and targeted agents. Prognosis is influenced by the genetic subtype, age at diagnosis, and neurological involvement. Long-term multidisciplinary care is crucial to improve the quality of life of surviving patients.

The dominant discourse in organizational psychology is that work-family conflict is an un-defeated adverse with the effect of burnout, lesser job satisfaction, and low organizational commitment. This paper dispels that notion by revealing an intricate and counter-intuitive fact among university professors in Islamabad, Pakistan. We have used a solid quantitative, correlational study to survey 206 social science teachers in order to deconstruct the subtle relationships between the six specific dimensions of work-family interference (Time, Strain, Behavior-based both Work Interference with Family - WIF and Family Interference with Work -FIW), and the three different components of Organizational Commitment (Affective - AC, Continuance -CC, Normative - NC). We have found that there is a high overall positive correlation between Work-Life Balance (WLB) and Organizational Commitment (OC) (r =.325, p <.001). Nonetheless, the most impressive and theoretically important result was the always strong and positive correlation of Strain-based interference (both SWIF and SFIW) with the three OC components. The climax to this observation was that the strong relationship between Strain-based WIF (SWIF) and Normative Commitment (NC) (r =.357, p < .01) indicated that the fact that the faculty is stressed and tired because of their line of professional duties is a trigger to an internal moral obligation to stay in their institution. This "Paradox of Strain" suggests that in the environment of Pakistani public universities, where resources are limited and the faculty members usually work under a high level of pressure, strain can lead to the development of the sense of duty, a sense of perceived investment, and emotional attachment instead of its destruction. The paper not only adds a new theoretical insight to the existing WLB-OC research, but also offers important, practical insights that can guide university administrators in retaining and engaging their most valuable asset their faculty by changing the way they conceptualize and deal with strain at work.