Introduction: Continuing medical education (CME) is the process through which health professionals engage in activities designed to support their continuing professional development. It is a requirement for physician relicensing, and recredentialing. Existing literature shows that CME improves physician performance as well as patient health outcomes. It is incumbent to study the experiences and attitudes of physicians towards CME activities in view of the impact of CME on the professional development. Purpose: To describe experiences and perceptions of CME activities among primary care physicians in Bahrain. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study that included all registered primary health care physicians in the ministry of health in Bahrain. Data was collected using self-administered online survey distributed to 350 primary care physicians in Bahrain. The five-point Likert scale questionnaire is composed of five sections: socio-demographic data, participant`s experiences with CME, Reasons for attending CME activities, barriers to attending CME activities and benefits of CME in relation to different delivery methods. Results: Total responses were 210 (60% response rate). The mean age of respondents was 40.8(SD 8.9) and the majority (84.4%) were female. Most of the CMEs were in the form of lectures (88.6%), interdepartmental activities (80.5%) and conferences (78.1%). Driving forces for CME were for credentialing /licensing (92.9%), develop clinical competencies (92.9%), improve clinical services/programs (95.2%) and to introduce new technology/techniques (88.6%). Regarding barriers encountered, financial support was the most encountered (mean 4.11 (SD 0.92)), followed by lack of time (mean 4.05 (SD 1.07)). Conclusion: Despite the barriers encountered, Bahraini physicians had a positive experience and attitude toward undertaking CME. There is a need for financial support and protected time to attend CME activities as well as further studies to explore how best these challenges could be managed and solved.

The effect of weaning diets formulated locally were assessed on weanling wistar rats and compared with a commercial brand to ascertain its use as weaning diets for infants in resource-poor nations. The raw ingredients were processed using local methods into different diets and fed to weanling rats weighing between 45-60 g. Thirty weanling wistar rats were divided into six groups of five animals each and were allowed access to food and water ad-libitum for 28 days following standard procedures. Results of the antinutritive components of the diets revealed that phytate recorded the least amount of 0.29±0.00 mg/110g while oxalate was highest (18.12±0.07) in diet formulated majorly with plant materials. Organ weights of the experimental animals showed that animals fed the locally formulated diets compared favourably with the commercial diet while the least weights observed in animals fed protein-free diets. The Biochemical and hematological assessment of the serum of experimental animals did not show any marked difference in all the experimental groups. From the result, it can be deduced that the locally formulated diets did not pose any adverse health effect on rats and therefore is safe for use as infant diets.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance whereby some sub-populations of bacterial species are able to survive after exposure to one or more antibiotics. The study was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of some enterobacteria from respiratory tract infection (RTIs) patients attending some tertiary Hospital in Kano, Northern Nigeria. A total of one thousand and ninety six (1096) isolates were collected. Isolates were subjected to Gram staining, motility test, biochemical characterization and further examined using Microgen TM Gram negative Identification A (Microgen GN ID A) system. Susceptibility of the isolates to some commonly used antibiotics was determined using the disc diffusion method. The result showed that various Enterobacteriaceae isolates confirmed were Pantoae agglomerans 250 (53.53%) being the most occurring followed by Klebsiella spp 160 (34.26%) and then Escherichia coli 57 (12.21%) respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates showed that the highest resistance level was recorded for Ampicillin (78%), followed by Amoxycillin (72%), Ceftazidime (42%). There is also a significant level of resistance to Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim (36%), Ceftriaxone (28%) and chloramphenicol (24%). Lower resistance levels were observed against Gentamicin (8%) and Ciprofloxacin (10%). It is concluded that there is significant level of antibiotic resistant of some isolates from respiratory tract infection (RTIs) patients.

The study sought to acquire a multinational perspective of online learning using data gathered from college students in the Philippines, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Sultanate of Oman. Using a survey questionnaire of closed and open-ended questions, the respondents were asked about convenience, academic pressure and integrity, and the benefits and drawbacks of attending online classes. The results, after undergoing statistical processing, show that students from the three countries generally perceive online classes as effective, convenient, practical and, on the whole, better than face-to-face instruction. The main problem cited centred on the quality of connection. The study recommends that institutions come up with strategies based on the identified advantages of remote learning while taking steps to improve connection issues.

Outcome target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 4 focuses on reducing barriers to skills development, Technical and Vocational Education, and Training starting from secondary level, tertiary, and university education. It also focuses on providing lifelong learning opportunities for youth and adults. Universities in Kenya have been at the forefront of improving access to higher education for all. One programme through which Universities have actualized their desire for accessible education is Module II, popularly known as the parallel programme. Through this programme many individuals who achieved the minimum requirement for university admission have had an opportunity to access higher education even though they had hitherto not been considered. However, the quality of education offered under this module has remained a matter of concern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze probable antecedents of sustainable quality education in the Module II programme. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design anchored in the positivist research paradigm. The study targeted lecturers drawn from public universities and campuses located in Uasin Gishu County. Questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample of 258 lecturers handling diverse disciplines and who were randomly selected. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze data. The study revealed that admissions policy, quality culture, curriculum development, and teaching evaluation were significant antecedents to sustainable quality education in Module II. The originality in the study is that Module II can and does support the realization of SDG4 outcome target 3 concerning access to university education. Educational stakeholders should rethink implementing this module alongside these critical antecedents to empower individuals.

Psoriasis is a skin disease. It is rare growing disease around the world. Here in this investigation we have targeted a protein namely TRPV3 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily III) ion channel for the study of psoriasis, which is important factor of psoriasis. The medicinal plant namely Cassia fistula is selected for the in silico investigation. 39 phyto compounds as reported in various research papers are taken for study. Out of 39 phytochemicals, Chrysophanol compound showed highest binding affinity of -7.58kcal/mol having 3 conventional Hydrogen bonds with TRPV3 protein and is found to be a better natural compound as compared to other reported drugs generally used to for the psoriasis. This investigation will lead to more and better findings leading to drug discovery & use as functional food.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of a new basketball program for healthy male students at Saigon University when compared with the current basketball election classes in the physical education program. 64 healthy male students were chosen and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). All participants have experienced the 15-week training in basketball court at Saigon University every Wednesday morning. The results of the study indicated that a new basketball program had a positive improvement on speed, agility, power of leg, and maximum aerobic speed, except the core strength. Therefore, a new basketball program could facilitate greater enhancements, gave more benefits than the current program, created a healthy environment in studying physical education, and suited the enhancing training needs of male students at Saigon University. Future studies should be clarified the impact of that program for female students, for other types of sports, in line with the classification of participants, i.e., less exercise, long-term training, and high level in training of students.

Silver-conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-MNPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized and its effect on certain bacteria was evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested against six isolates which include Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella enterica and Acinetobacter baumannii. The result showed that antibacterial activity of the synthesized Ag-MNPs was found to be effective against Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, while the compound was ineffective against some clinical bacterial isolates. The diameters of the zones of inhibition were found to be 20 mm and 27 mm for Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 10 mg/ml for both organisms. Also, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration MBC for the two organisms was found to be 20 mg/ml. Therefore, the synthesized compound has antibacterial activity and could be a reliable compound of choice for treating bacterial infections.

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the association between job satisfaction and patient safety attitudes among nurses of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in February to May 2021, on the nurses working in two Public hospitals in Faisalabad. A total of 300 nurses participated in the study. The main questionnaire based on the socio-demographic questionnaire comprises of the age, gender, qualification and work experience. Other than this, two questionaire were opted to collect data. One was on job satisfaction questionnaire was developed by Nicholas in 2007 the scale has the 6 dimensions including Coworkers, work demands, work content, work load, work skills and rewards. The other was patient safety attitude questionnaire comprised on six subscales, and additional items on demographic information (Kristensen, Sabroe, Bartels, Mainz & Christensen, 2015). Results: Majority of the nurses were having fatigue impairs while performing emergency situations. Very less participants shares that they were satisfies with the supervision offered to them during provision of the care. The mean score was towards poor conditions. The mean score of the components was less then 3.8 which is towards the dissatisfaction. There was a relationship between educational status and years of experience. Among the lower educational levels the nurses were more satisfied with the job and display more patient safety attitude. Additionally, nurses with more years of experience has less patient safety attitude than other groups of the participants. There was a strong positive relationship between the job satisfaction and patient safety attitudes among the nurses. Conclusions: There was a strong positive relationship between the job satisfaction and patient safety attitudes among the nurses. Hence, senior clinical nursing personals can significantly improve the patient safety implementation of nurses hence, it is suggested that they should take active part in the implementation of the patient safety protocols. Poor team work was the biggest issue in the low levels of job satisfaction. It is necessary to take steps in reducing the absenteeism and uplifting the image of nurses in the team work.

Introduction: Bloodborne exposures (BBEs) are of substantial concern throughout the clinical education of dental students. Developments in the incidence and type of BBEs should be thoroughly examined and assessed and suitable safety mechanisms and work practices be applied to decrease the frequency of BBEs. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among the dental students in Riyadh using an online survey. Dental universities in Riyadh were contacted and participants were requested to fill up the survey. 505 students from clinical levels were utilized in this study. Results: 66.5% had their Hep B vaccination done, 37.3% had their post HBV serology done, 65.5% had no previous exposure to bloodborne pathogen and 3.6% having more than 5 exposures previously. Conclusion: Knowledge seemed adequate, but the attitude and reporting protocol was lacking.

The experiment was conducted on three breeds the total 30 breeds of dairy cows and the number of animal of different breeds was 10 holistan, 10 garai and 10 Cross-bred (CB) during 2019 and 2020. The objective of this study was to know the impact of seasonal on milk production performance of Holistan, Garsi and CB or doragh. The average highest seasonal milk production of Garsi and CB was in spring and summer season, 9.22 and 9.02 liter, respectively and Holistan was highest in spring and summer season (8.261 liter), respectively. The overall average milk production of CB, Holistan and Garsi were 8.86, 7.98 and 7.37 respectively. The seasonal variation and milk production performance of all three breeds were found highly significant. Because the other season production was low. The average milk production of 2470 ± 37 L milk production in spring season followed by 2427 ± 41 L in summer and lowest in winter, as 2403 ± 82 L respectively. The average milk production of Garsi breed in different seasons was estimated and it was noticed that the highest average of 2460 ± 35 L milk production in spring season followed by 2434 ± 14 L in summer and lowest in winter, as 2413 ± 62 L respectively. The average milk production of CB Doragh breed in different seasons was estimated of 2540 ± 35 L milk production in spring season followed by 2457 ± 25 L in summer and lowest in winter, as 2432 ± 20 L respectively.

It is well established that muscle activation regulates leg stiffness to optimize stretch shortening cycle (SSC) performance. There is a significant interaction between the surface properties, muscle activation and leg stiffness. The aim of this study was to examine the potentiating adjustments after drop jumps (DJs) executed on two surfaces with different elasticity. Twenty-two adults randomly performed 3 protocols: Protocols with three pre-conditioning DJs performed on a springboard (PSB), Protocol (PG) with three pre-conditioning DJs performed on a stiff ground surface and Protocol without any type of pre-conditioning (C). Vertical jump performance was evaluated at four time points: before (COND0), immediately after pre-conditioning (COND10), and after 1 (COND60) and 2 min (COND120) of rest. Dynamics, kinematics and electromyographic parameters of the ankle were evaluated. ANOVA with repeated measures revealed statistically significant increase in Hpeak, Ppeak and Kleg was observed (p<0.05), over split-intervals and rest periods for Protocol (PSB) while no differences were recorded in jump kinematics. Both protocols (PSB and PG) significantly decreased CI during the pre-activation and eccentric phase, whereas the CI was increased during the concentric phase. The positive effect observed in jump performance could not be attributed to co-activity of the ankle joint, indicating that jumping on an elastic surface, may be beneficial in cases where increased leg stiffness is a determining factor for final performance.

The telecommunication industry in India is rapidly growing and witnessing many developments. Globalisation has made telecommunication an integral part of the infrastructure of the Indian economy. India's telecommunication network is the second largest in the world based on the total number of telephone users (both fixed and mobile phone).It has gone through several transformations that has led to severe competition in the industry. This research studies the recent trends in the Indian telecommunication sector. The paper will provide a comprehensive knowledge on the recent developments in the sector and will help highlight the changes in the telecommunication industry. The study is based on secondary data. The paper describes the recent trends in Indian telecom sector.

Background: Propofol is a commonly used intravenous (IV) induction agent. The induction dose of propofol is 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg in healthy adults producing unconsciousness, depending upon concomitant medications (i.e. opoid analgesics), the patient’s age and physical status, and the extent of surgical stimulation. Objective: To assess the induction dose with ketamine and midazolam co-induction to propofola. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind and interventional study conducted at Department of Anesthesiology, Sher-e-bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal, Bangladesh from January to June 2019. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective surgery to be performed under general anesthesia were randomized to receive 0.3 mg/kg of Ketamine or 0.03 mg/ kg of Midazolam intravenously as co-induction agent. A minute after administration of co-induction agent, anesthesia was induced with Propofol 40 mg bolus then 10 mg every 10 seconds until the loss of verbal response. The hemodynamic response at 0, 1, 2, 5 minutes respectively and the induction dose of Propofol were noted. Results: The mean arterial pressure heart rates were significantly lower at 1, 2 and 5 minutes in midazolam group. However, mean arterial pressure and heart were within the physiological range in both the groups. Propofol dose requirement for induction between the two groups was similar (p>0.05) but co-induction significantly decreased the induction dose of Propofol as compared to standard recommended dose for induction. Conclusion: Our study showed that hemodynamic variables were maintained within the physiological range with midazolam and ketamine co-induction. However, lesser degree of decrease in mean arterial pressure was seen with ketamine but the heart rate was higher. A similar reduction of induction dose of propofol was achieved with both the drugs.

Objectives: To assess knowledge and attitude related to cervical cancer prevention, and screening among female students in the college of nursing in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in which 250 female students were recruited to answer the questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the students was 20.91 ±4.28 years. Ninety percent (n = 227) of them have heard of cervical cancer, but only 25.72 % (n = 65) recognized infection with the human papilloma virus as a risk factor. Only 23.33% (n=58) of the students studied are aware of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination. Seventy-nine percent (n=198) of the students studied were aware of the Papanicolaou cervix smear (Pap smear), and 42% of them gave a positive response when asked about the test's necessity. When students with a history of marriage were compared to those without a history of marriage, they demonstrated a statistically significant increase in their intention to undergo cytological examination (61.5 % vs 38.5 %, p=0.036). Comparing students in years 3 and 4 of a bachelor's program to those in years 1 and 2 revealed that student in years 3 and 4 were more knowledgeable about the relationship between HPV infection and cancer cervix (23.7% Vs 16 %, p=0.003). Conclusion: Nursing students have a limited understanding of cervical cancer, HPV vaccination, and Pap smear screening as an early detection practice. Cervical cancer prevention and screening issues must be immediately integrated into nurses' existing teaching and training curricula.