One of the important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries is the high rate of infertility and childlessness. A cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the male fertility status by the conventional semen analysis. This study was conducted in which 100 men with age ranged from 20 to 45 years of a primary and secondary infertile couple of more than one year, in the Infertility OPD of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka during October 2012 to March 2013. They were divided into two groups depending on the results of their semen analysis: 35 with abnormal semen and 65 with normal semen profile. The mean (±SD) age was 34.0±4.7 years in patients with abnormal semen and 33.9±5.6 years in patients with normal semen. Nearly one-third (31.42%) of the patients was a farmer in abnormal semen and 7.7% in normal semen. The majority (62.85%) of the abnormal semen patients worked in hot environments, STD was found 20.0% in patients with abnormal semen and 3.1% in patients with normal semen, mumps observed 8.6% in abnormal semen and 3.1% in normal semen patients. Surgical history was found 11.4% in abnormal semen and 1.5% in normal semen patients. Positive family history of infertility was found in 8.6% of abnormal semen patients but no positive family history of infertility was found in normal semen patients. Varicocele was found 25.7% in patients with abnormal semen and 21.5% in patients with normal semen. Primary subfertility was 91.4% in abnormal semen patients and 58.5% in normal semen patients. Farmer, hot working environment, STD, surgical history, positive family history, primary subfertility were significantly (p<0.05) higher in patients with abnormal semen. The highest number of patients were oligospermic (51.4) followed by azoospermia 22.9%, asthenozoospermia 17.1%, teratozoospermia 5.7% and aspermia 2.9%. Occupational exposure, STD, hot environment, past surgical history has a significant negative impact on male infertility.

The objective of this study was to investigate learning style preferences of soccer coaches to improve coaching efficacy. Limited research exists on the best methods to instruct coaches, especially underserved groups (e.g., women and minorities), in developing their craft. Understanding individual learning styles can influence performance and achievement in learning outcomes of educational programs (Manolis et al., 2003). The Kolb (1984) Learning Style Inventory (LSI) was distributed amongst the United Soccer Coaches (USC) association (n = 1,852) to understand members preferred learning styles. Data was processed to determine the subjects' preferred learning style: Convergent (32.97%), Divergent (11.52%), Accommodative (39.46 %), and Assimilative (16.20%). Chi squared analysis (189.63) and z-score test (z = 13.49) revealed gender was a factor in learning style choice. Female coaches were more likely to possess a CON learning preference than male coaches. 46.78% of CON coaches were female, while females made up only 26.31% of all responding coaches. Male coaches were 53.21% of coaches favoring CON, yet accounted for 73.69% of all participating coaches. These findings could be a catalyst to refocus soccer coaching education to accommodate all learning styles with broader ideas of purposely designing educational curricula to meet the needs of all learners.

Aflatoxins are released from Aspergillus species and enter in living organisms from various routes and results in toxicity. Humans are exposed to aflatoxins poisoning due to consumptions of infected crops, meat, poultry and dairy produce. The physiological effects due to aflatoxins may be mild to fatal, according to their exposed concentration to humans and bioabsorption duration. These side effects are usually categorized as acute toxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity. So further, efficient genomic and proteomic strategies s are required to develop resistant livestock breeds and dietary significance having cultivars along with general public awareness campaigns related to aflatoxins contamination free edible items selection.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal passages are the primary passageway for respiratory exchange in humans. But chronic obstruction of the nasal passage encountered in youth causes a physiological shift in normal breathing pattern from nasal to oral breathing. Oral breathing results in craniofacial modification and postural adjustments. This study will be helpful for orthodontists to observe the cervical vertebral column area in growing children to prevent changes in cervical lordosis and associated sequelae from developing by early intervention, when required. Material & Methods: In this case control study conducted at the ’Montmorency College of Dentistry over 6 month period from 10th July, 2017 till 10th January, 2018, 60 patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited from OPD and divided into two groups. Group “A” patients showing alteration in their cervical lordosis as observed on lateral cephalograms and group “B” patients with normal cervical lordosis on lateral cephalograms. Their breathing pattern, BMI and other demographic information were recorded. All the collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Results: Mean age of the patients in group A (altered cervical lordosis) was 9.13 (+/- 1.68) years and in group B (normal cervical lordosis) was 8.77 (+/-1.91) years). Chi square test was applied for comparison of groups, p-value ≤ 0.05 considered as statistically significant. The alteration in cervical lordosis had a statistically significant association with oral breathing when compared with nasal breathers, chi square value 27.149 (p value 0.000). Conclusion: Significant association between alteration in cervical lordosis and oral breathing.

Hair is an imperative part of human body. Due to use of various chemicals and synthetic compounds it usually causes destructive effects. A variety of herbal plants are used to promote hair growth as well as prevent hair loss. The present work is done by formulating hair gel using Guar gum and Jatamansi. Guar gum hydrates the hair by sealing in the moisture, Jatamansi shown to have the hair growth promoting activity. The gel was formulated in two steps, firstly extraction of the powdered rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi was carried out by using alcohol by reflux condensation. Secondly Guar gum powder is triturated with water until gel consistency is obtained. Then the jatamansi extract was incorporated to this obtained gel. The jatamansi extract contains carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins. The formulation was evaluated for varies physical parameters like pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, stability studies, skin irritation and washability.

With the newly emerging concepts and advancements in genetic/genomic technologies, information on causative or candidate gene(s), transcription factors or growth factors responsible for orthodontic cases such as craniofacial dysmorphologies, morphogenesis and differentiation of craniofacial tissues, midfacial defects, crowding of teeth, prognathism, genetic variations associated with susceptibility of developing and/or heterogeneity in treatment response of malocclusions are emerging. Promising results have been accrued on utilization of genetic testing for management of monogenic traits such as primary failure of eruption (PFE), and Class III malocclusion. As the impact of genetic/genomic factors on orthodontic treatment outcome is emerging, gene therapy as a novel approach is being explored for effective and precise orthodontic treatment. Despite certain challenges and biosafety issues, the emergence of some promising success stories and ongoing research in gene therapy provides an optimistic future in the field of precision orthodontics. However, in order for precision orthodontics to be implemented in daily practice, more exquisite research is warranted. This review encompasses a conspectus on the potentials of genomics and gene therapy in achieving precision orthodontics.

Solanum nigrum is one of the commonly found herb around the globe and contains diverse therapeutic along with biological control based potentials. For last few decades, not only aqueous but also other organic solvents based extract have been prepared to obtain maximum benefits of its components to recover external and internal wounds, inflammations, infections, cancer and to control many disorders like cytotoxicity, cardiovascular, hepatic, gastric and enzymatic complications. Moreover, it has been found as effective to reducer aging and an ideal local cost source of phytoremediation. For future progress, its dose and shots optimization should be focused by researchers.

The study aimed at evaluating the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potential of extracts of endophytic bacteria isolated from Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven (Onagraceae). Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done on supplemented and non-supplemented nutrient agar. The extracts of these endophytes were obtained after fermentation in Mueller-Hinton Broth (MHB). The inhibitory effect on the alpha-glucosidase enzyme of the extracts of endophytic bacteria was determined in the presence of starch and sucrose at 6 mg/mL at 37°C and by measuring the absorbance at 517 nm. Nineteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits and twigs of L. octovalvis. The extracts obtained from these endophytic bacteria all showed an alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect. The S4155 extract showed less than 50% enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 163.98 μg/mL. Endophyte bacteria associated with L. octovalvis provided a source of bioactive compounds that can prevent or reduce the prevalence of diabetes.

Through this study we aim firstly, to understand the correlation between pain, intensity of pain and different clinical Data. Secondly, to highlight the accurate etiological diagnosis and be able to take the adequate decison for pain managment. This study was carried out on 200 edentulous patients who came to the departement of complete denture of dental clinic at Monastir Tunisia from february to june2019.All the patients were examined and assessed by one prosthodontist under the supervision of a professor. A questionnaire was used to record information wich was taken directly from the patient when they attend the dental clinic. The patient consent were taken verbally. The questionnaire included 19 questions divided in 3 heading: Medical history, exploration of pain and its intensity and Management strategies. The statiscal analysis were done with an SPSS's logiciel version 22.0. The results are presented in form of tables and graphics. Moreover, in this study the most common chief complaint was pain 63% of the sample. This result corroborate with other studies in litterature. Besides, a statistically significant relationship was observed between pain and patient’s satisfaction with their prosthesis (P=0.044<0,05). However, no significant difference was found between pain and other differents clinical Data (age, gender, general condition ….) (P>0.05). Neither between intensity of pain and different clinical data (P<0.05). This result came in argument with results of other worldwide researches. Finally, we came to the conclusion that management strategy of pain must follow a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and systemic approach.

A middle-aged male having multiple warts on the face was treated with homoeopathic medicine Thuja occidentalis (Thuja-occ.) prescribed in different potencies. The medicine was culled on the basis of symptom similarity. Patient was followed at regular interval. All warts on face vanished in ten months of treatment. Skin became as unsullied as nothing transpired ever.

Natural Polysaccharides have been considered to be the most promising materials in recent years because of their numerous advantages including their accessibility, non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and ease of modification.Natural substanceswith pharmacotherapy potential are currently viewed as a promising future alternative to conventional therapy.With the rapid development of analytical techniquesandbiotechnologies,a large number of methods for identifying and quantifying polysaccharides without causing adverse effects have been created, resulting in the use of natural substances with established safety. Some bioactive polysaccharides obtained from natural sources have received a lot of attention in the field of biochemistry and pharmacology in recent years.Natural polysaccharides have been found in studies to boost innate immunity by activating upstream immune cells, hence regulating adaptive immunological pathways such as T cells and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy, implying that polysaccharides have a promising future in immunotherapy. As there is no targeted therapy available but these natural polysaccharides have been shown to possess complex, important and multifaceted biological activities including antitumor, anticoagulant, antioxidant, antiviral, immunomodulatory and antihyperlipidemic activities. Their properties are mainly due to their structural characteristics and are useful for combating various diseases as well improving immunity. Thus, polysaccharides can be used as an activating agent of immune system, minimising the damage caused by infectious agents such as SARS-CoV-2. Finally, these biopolymers can still be exploited to produce new treatments and vaccines.The present paper summarizes an overview of natural polysaccharides with immune boosting properties.

The present study determines the effects of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H on gastric homogenate and serum levels of TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), during the healing of chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Wistar albino rats. Round and deep chronic gastric ulcers were induced by a high concentration of acetic acid in Wistar albino rats. 75 rats with gastric ulcers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (2-5). Rats in group 1 had no gastric ulcer and were administered with vehicle 5ml/kg. Rats in group 2, negative control had gastric ulcers and were treated with vehicle 5ml/kg. Rats in group 3 were treated with ranitidine (50mg/kg) while rats in groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated daily with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli H respectively. Treatment in all the groups was by intragastric administration. Five rats from groups (2-6) were euthanized on days 3, 7, and 9 along with the control group (1). Blood was collected, serum prepared, and assayed for TNFα and VEGF using ELISA. The stomach of each animal was evaluated for gastric ulcer, assessed for histopathologic changes, and preparation of gastric tissue homogenates. Intragastric administration of graded doses of ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli H and ranitidine (50mg/kg) respectively, down-regulated serum and gastric tissue levels of TNF–α significantly (p<0.05), up-regulated VEGF significantly (p<0.05), and increased gastric ulcer healing rate in a significant manner (p<0.05). The increase was time and Dose and time dependent manner when compared to control. Attenuation of TNFα and up-regulation of VEGF by graded intragastric administration of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli promotes the healing of chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Wister albino rats.

Introduction: Warthin like papillary thyroid carcinoma is a rare variant that bears features similar to Warthin tumour of salivary gland. It shows papillary or follicular structures lined by oncocytic cells having typical nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the stroma. Case Report: A 60 year old lady presented in the ENT OPD with right sided neck swelling since 2 years. On examination the swelling was firm, non-tender, moving with deglutition and measured 4x3 cm. FNA smears of the swelling were highly cellular and comprised of cells arranged in papillary clusters. The cells were predominantly oncocytic and showed nuclear grooving and intranuclear inclusions. Cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (Bethesda Category VI) was offered. Thyroidectomy specimen measured 6.5x5x3 cm and right lobe revealed gray tan tumor with numerous papillae and few cystic areas. Microscopy revealed a well circumscribed tumour, with tumour cells arranged in papillary architecture with presence of dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the stalks of papillae. The cells lining the papillae had abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and many of the cells showed nuclear grooving and intranuclear inclusions. Occasional psammoma bodies were also seen. The surrounding thyroid showed features of hashimoto’s thyroiditis. A final diagnosis of Warthin like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma was given. Conclusion: Warthin like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a distinct rare variant. It is associated with good prognosis when compared with other variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma, warranting a proper identification.

Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma (ESC- RCC) was first described by Trpkov et al., as a novel entity of renal neoplasms with characteristic clinical, pathological and molecular features. ESC-RCC has female predominance with few cases reported in males. Herein, we report the first case of ESC-RCC is an elderly male patient.

Background: Sexual dysfunction as a result of the inability to achieve or maintain an erection is a common problem that increases with age. Vardenafil has shown results as an efficacious and safe therapeutic agent for treatment of erectile dysfunction. AIM: Development of a bio-analytical method for rapid quantification of vardenafil in biological fluids and its application in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies, clinical trials, and monitor its therapeutic levels to help attaining effective clinical results in treating erectile dysfunction. Methods: Vardenafil was extracted from plasma samples and chromatographed with eluting solvent consisting of 10mM Ammonium Acetate: Methanol (30:70) v/v at flow rate of 0.55ml/min, ESI positive mode, and m/z 489  151, 475  100 for vardenafil and sildenafil as internal standard respectively. As an application of the validated developed bioanalytical method, a comparative bioavailability study of vardenafil 20mg tablets generic product versus reference product was conducted in a randomized open label crossover design invovlving 24 volunteers. The criteria used to assess bioequivalence of the two products were Cmax, AUC 0-t, AUC 0-inf, and Tmax. Results: The average recovery of vardenafil from human plasma was 95.104 % with limit of quantitation of 0.05 ng/ml and the correlation coefficient (r2) obtained was 0.9998, moreover, statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the measured parameters showed that there was no significance between the two products. Conclusion: The developed bioanalytical LC/MS/MS method was valid for vardenafil quantification in human plasma and is suitable for application in pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic monitoring of vardenafil in treating erectile dysfunction to ensure effective therapeutic drug levels and avoid potential undesired adverse events.