This study analyses the changes in analyst recommendations in the Malaysian stock market from 2010 to 2018. Using samples of 668 upgrade recommendations and 495 downgrade recommendations, this study employs event study methodology to examine price performance by predicting abnormal returns using the market model. The findings indicate that significant positive stock price reactions occur following upgrade recommendations and significant negative stock price reactions occur following downgrade recommendations over a short-term and up to six-month period. Further analysis reveals no statistically significant difference in performance between analysts who are participants of the Capital Market Development Fund – Bursa Research Scheme (CBRS) and those who are not. This finding implies that, despite the significant market reaction to both upgrade and downgrade recommendations, CBRS’s financial analysts do not provide better analysis than those of non-CBRS analysts.

Biliary lithiasis is a very frequent and benign pathology but can be the cause of rich and varied symptomatology as well as serious complications. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence and some risk factors of biliary lithiasis and especially to look for the correlation between this pathology and anthropometric measurements. Therefore, we conducted a campaign that included 1358 citizens to perform ultrasound screening for biliary lithiasis, hepatic steatosis, and hydatid cyst. In our study, the prevalence of biliary lithiasis was 19.2%. The average age was 47.7 years with a predominance of women, i.e. a percentage of 76.6%. The risk factors significantly associated with gallstones were abdominal obesity, male sex, and age below 40 years were protective factors, however, neither diabetes nor a history of hypercholesterolemia was associated with the risk of gallstones.

Curry leaves are an important part of spicing up dishes, thus used for garnishing as well as a taste enhancer. Apart from its culinary uses, it has a vast number of therapeutic applications in medicinal as well as cosmetic uses. Curry leaves, biologically named as Murraya koenigii which belongs to family Rutaceae are also called as Meethi Neem or Karipatta or Sweet Neem Leaves. It has a characteristic aroma. It is an important herb mainly of Asian origin. The present review elaborates the description of curry leaves, its chemical composition and about the bioactive compound β-caryophyllene present in it. β-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene, it has properties such as inhibition of melanogenesis and can reduce melanin synthesis. Curry leaves cream is formulated for the purpose of reduction of dark spots due to presence of β-caryophyllene present in curry leaves. The product should be safe for regular use and must be cosmetically acceptable.

Background: Immunization remains one of the paramount public health interventions and a cost effective method to reduce both the ailment and death associated with infectious diseases. Uptake of vaccination is dependent not only on providing of the vaccination services but also on other influences including awareness and practice of women. Objectives: To assess tetanus toxoid immunization status of mother’s. In addition, to address the factors influencing their immunization status. Method: Cross sectional study conducted in ten primary health care centers in Baghdad for the period from February until the end of October 2020. Convenient sample of mothers, who had delivered a live baby within the previous 12 months from the study and attended the selected primary health care centers in Baghdad were recruited. An interview questionnaire used to collect data regarding history of tetanus toxoid vaccine up take of the mothers during their last pregnancy. Results: The total number of mothers enrolled in the study was 400, 214(53.5%) of them were received tetanus toxoid vaccine (TTV) during their last pregnancy. 127(59.3%) of the mothers were uptake two doses of TTV. Among the study group, 31.75% of mothers were considered as immunized according to WHO classification. Age of mother, education, and respondents’ working status; alongside with antenatal care attendance and place of delivery all had insignificant impact on the immunization status. Lack of time was the main reason for not vaccination (22.6%). Conclusion: Tetanus toxoid immunization coverage was inadequate. For that reason, immunization campaigns targeting enhanced utilization of immunization services by mothers and women of childbearing age are highly recommended.

This article concern on the progress of regional autonomy which existed in Indonesia during pre-colonial, colonial, independence and post-independence periods up to the present. This article is divided into four parts, namely clear description from the background of regional autonomy in Indonesia, a historical review from local autonomy in Indonesia and it's essential likewise to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and its regional autonomy progress according to the rules applied. The regional autonomy system in Indonesia is an essential matter, weighing up that Indonesia is a unitary state that has a large-scale and geographical area, so that it requires the implementation of regional autonomy system that capable to become an extension from central government to ruled their respective territories according to regulations applied.

Nutrition is essential in ensuring athletes’ optimum sports performance and good health. This study’s objective was to assess the socioeconomic (SE) standards, the nutritional knowledge, and the dietary habits of athletes across three (3) sporting regions in Ghana. Further, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the socioeconomic (SE) standards, the nutritional knowledge, and the dietary habits of athletes. The sample drew from football, hockey and basketball players. Data collection relied on an adapted Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire by Paugh, 2005, while examination of the relationships was done using chi-square tests of association, at 0.050 level of significance. The results showed that athletes had reasonably good nutritional knowledge and dietary habits, this highlighted by mean percentage scores of 69.42% and 66.26%, respectively. Assessment of athletes’ socioeconomic standards indicated that 80% lived on GHS1000 or less, per month. There were statistically significant relationships between sex and dietary habits, p=0.001; between sex and nutritional knowledge, p<0.001; between sporting disciplines and dietary habits, p=0.005; and between sporting disciplines and nutritional knowledge, p=0.021. Tests also revealed a statistically significant relationship between socioeconomic (SE) standard and nutritional knowledge, p=0.016. There was no significant relationship between athletes’ level of nutritional knowledge and their dietary habits, p=0.620. Neither did the study establish any relationship between SE standard and dietary habits, p=0.292. This suggests a need for more in-depth exploration of the relationship between the socioeconomic (SE) standards, nutritional knowledge, and dietary habits of athletes.

A study was conducted to know the fertility status of coastal soils of Bangladesh for agricultural planning. Thirty composite soil samples were collected from different locations of Kalapara upazila under Patuakhali coastal district in Bangladesh with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) positions. The soil samples were analyzed for physical properties (moisture, texture, bulk density, particle density and porosity) and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, available sulphur and available phosphorus). The range of moisture contents of collected soils was 24 to 29% and the textural class was silty clay. The bulk density ranged from 1.30 to 1.47 gcm-3. The particle density ranged from 2.31 to 2.49 gcm-3. The porosity of soil samples ranging from 40.96 to 46.06%. The pH ranged from 5.85 to 6.45. The EC value of collected soils ranged from 3.10 to 5.12 dSm-1. The total nitrogen and organic carbon content was low to medium. The exchangeable sodium and potassium content of soils ranged from 9.22 to 18.47 meq 100g-1 and 0.16 to 0.27 meq 100g-1, respectively. The available sulphur and phosphorus content of soils ranged from 17.21 to 33.21 mg kg-1 and 17.12 to 33.09 mg kg-1, respectively. The results revealed that the soils of the study area were slightly to moderately saline and thus the nutrients present in the soils were low to medium level. Hence, salinity problem of soils should be considered before agricultural planning in the study area.

The purpose of this paper on “Al Shabaab and its Violent Extremism in Kenya” aimed at exploring the dynamics of al Shabaab in Somalia as it affected Kenya. This descriptive research adopted judgmental sampling technique and relied mostly on secondary source (books, journal articles, monographs, internet materials etc) of data collection which were sourced in Nigerian libraries, subjected to content validity before analyzing qualitatively. Results of the findings revealed that the spillover of al Shabaab’s violent extremism to Kenya was caused by porous borders as well as local forces such as historic marginalization, propaganda technique and the presence of al Hijrah sect in Kenya. Al Shabaab has impacted negatively on Kenya’s security, diplomacy, economy as well as humanitarian services. Kenya has responded through the creation of Operation Linda Nchi and Operation Usalama Watch while United States, Africa Union Mission in Somalia, United Nations and European Union also assisted in fighting the dreaded sect according to findings. The contribution of these findings to the explanation of Rosenau’s linkage theory is excellent thereby deepening the understanding of its basic assumptions. Regrettably, Al Shabaab is still a potential threat to Kenya and the entire Horn of Africa, therefore, the paper recommends inclusive dialogue, national integration and constructive engagement as panacea for al Shabaab violent extremism.

Summary: Introduction: Knowledge of the birth cycle is important in the organization of reproductive health services in a facility. The main objective was to study the determinants of the birth cycle at the Kalaban-Coro health center. However, it seems that there are other determinants of the birth cycle, hence the relevance of this study. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study from October 1 to December 31, 2020. Results: The study included 977 parturients who gave birth in the department. It recorded more night deliveries (59.1%) than day deliveries (40.9%). The average age of the women was 25 years. Non-educated births were the most represented with 39% of cases. Nocturnal admissions were predominant (58.8%); 59% of parturients had a history of nocturnal delivery and 40% preferred to give birth at night, while 30% had no preference. At admission, 57.91% of parturients were in the active phase during the night, compared to 42.59% during the day; 52.6% of parturients had a nocturnal onset of labor, compared to 47.4% during the day. Conclusion: The study showed that childbirth is more frequent at night than during the day. It highlighted the admission nycthemer, the previous nycthemer of deliveries and the preference of the parturient as other determinants of the nycthemer of the delivery.

Background: Potash alum mouth rinse has been well studied with appreciable success in protection against carious lesions and periodontal microbiota with no adverse reactions. While oral lichenoid reactions have been documented as complications of various dental materials and drugs none has been reported as a result of alum use. Case Description: An unusual oral lichenoid reaction to potash alum use in an adult patient who presented at the oral medicine and diagnosis clinic of the dental centre of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. He presented with complaints of excessive salivary flow and dark pigmentation of the palate, and a history of potash alum licking for more than a month. On examination a dark pigmentation involving the palatal gingiva related to 24-27, sialometry revealed normal salivary flow Hence a diagnosis of false sialorrhoea was made. The patient was referred to the Periodontology unit of the same institution where an excisional biopsy was carried out, this was diagnosed as a lichenoid reaction by the Oral Pathology unit. The patient was counselled to stop the use of alum and reassured about the normal salivary flow. The patient reported tremendous improvement on review. Conclusion: Many home remedy habits and practices can be harmful, this underscores the role of counseling patients against these unverified remedies.

Digital media is an important means of effecting change and development within societies in general and considers the strong link between the various interactions that can arise between members of these societies. Media is a concept with multiple meanings and goals, as it deals with studying, downloading and describing the treatment of various social, political, economic, and environmental, health and other phenomena that govern the process of steady development that the world is witnessing in various fields. Digital media in particular - in the modern era - plays important and influential roles in the lives of individuals and societies, as it is entrusted with the responsibility to shed light on the various initiatives and plans that are proposed related to cognitive and behavioral awareness processes that in turn lead to the development of society in general. This study sheds light on digital media technology’s role in achieving sustainable development in the Arab world. Nowadays, digital media has become a vital element, which helps governments and organizations direct their messages to their audiences and create the desired social development and change. Moreover, the study clarifies that many Arab countries still suffer from poverty, illiteracy, backwardness, and environmental issues despite the massive progress of the sustainable development movement in the Arab world right after (RIO)'s declaration. Besides, the study defines the limitations that mostly hinder sustainable development programs. The study also determines the most critical requirements for achieving sustainable development in the Arab world within the digital media framework.

The prevalence of hyperlipidemia among Nigerians is established, while the relationship between it and periodontitis has been studied globally. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lipid profile and severity of periodontitis among Nigerians. 195 patients were drawn from the family medicine clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife Osun state Nigeria. Sociodemographic data was obtained using a closed-ended questionnaire, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI), periodontal disease index (PDI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were also estimated. A full mouth mean CAL ≥0.6mm was considered as periodontitis. Lipid profile was carried out at the chemical pathology department of the same institution by spectrophotometry. Appropriate parameters were determined for descriptive variables. A two-way t-test was done for the mean values of the intraoral and the lipid parameters. Data was exposed to logistic regression to eliminate confounders. Male to female ratio was 1:1.6 with a mean age of 37.42±12.95. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides have a statistically significant relationship with CAL and PPD (p<0.05). Logistic regression showed statistical significance for total cholesterol (p<0.05) in females only. Following the trend with other associated chronic diseases, HDL was higher in the periodontally healthy subjects and those with mild chronic periodontitis, while it was lower in those with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis. This relationship was inverse for low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Increase in LDL/HDL had a linear relationship with the severity of chronic periodontitis from mild to severe. This emphasises the need for oral health education in the community and regular lipid investigations.

Background: Parents do experience stress from their family structure and occupation, and these stress can be transferred to their children. Since the stress imposed by the different occupations and the different family structures are different, the stress transferred to the children will depend on the occupation and family structure of their parents. Objective: This study was therefore designed to understand the influence of the stress incurred by parents from their family structure and occupation on the academic/examination stress of their children in Oroke High School Akungba -Akoko, Ondo State, SW Nigeria. Method: The population of the study comprises all the students of Oroke High School, Akungba Akoko (650) out of which a sample of 313 that satisfied our criteria was selected, using purposive sampling technique. Digital sphygmomanometer was used to measure the actual blood pressure readings of the respondents twice, with at least thirty minutes interval in sitting positions. The mean reading was used. The measurements were carried out three times during the study: two weeks after resumption for the second term of the 2017/2018 academic year, two weeks before the second term examination and four weeks after exam. Results: Students were grouped according to their family structure and also according to the occupation of their fathers or their mothers. The study finds that the systolic blood pressure generally increases as students go from the beginning of the term to two weeks before the terminal examination and decreases after the exam for the different types of family structure and occupation of their fathers or their mothers when the academic stress is removed. Conclusion and recommendation: Under whatever stress that parents may be, it is recommended that they should make the home environment congenial and stress less for study so that the children can go to school the next day with little or no transferred stress.

Orthodontic treatment duration is one of the most challenging factors faced by all orthodontists till date but thanks to the surge in science and technology there are many ways to step up the treatment thereby reducing the overall treatment time. This review article will provide an insight on the various methods of accelerating the orthodontic treatment time duration.

In recent years, Project-Based Learning（PBL）model has been attached more importance to College English teaching in China, many researches focus on the application of PBL, but few touch on evaluation mechanism. This paper aims to analyze four core elements of evaluation mechanism: notion, subject, content, and method. Further discussions about the evaluation mechanism are based on teaching practice and a questionnaire. It is proved that scientific and effective evaluation mechanism can guide and motivate students’ project-based learning and ensure the quality of college English teaching.