Good quality of air in poultry farms is a prerequisite for healthy animals and farm workers. Air acts as a good dispersal medium for microbes and its quality is a reflection of the environment. The focus of this study is was evaluate indoor and outdoor fungal flora of two poultry farms (Akungba-Akoko and Ayegunle-Akoko) and to determine effect of some antifungal agents on all isolates. Identity of each fungus was determined by comparing the morphology and microscopic characteristics of each fungus with those in compendium of soil fungi. Air flora sampling was performed both inside and outside premises of farms, and an open-air method was used. Antifungal activity was performed using two antifungal drugs (ketoconazole and nystatin). A total of twenty-three (23) fungal species were obtained belonging to fourteen (14) genera; Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotium, Monascus, Alternaria, Cryptococcus, Curvularia, Chrysonilia, Microsporum, Cunninghamella, Bipolaris, Acremonium, Fusarium and Trichoderma. Genera such as Curvularia, Chrysonilia, Cunninghamella and Cryptococcus were not inhibited by antifungal drugs used across all concentrations, while nystatin inhibited 74% of these fungi using concentration of 5 mg/ml with 25 mm being highest zone of inhibition. Ketoconazole’s highest zones of inhibition were found with Alternaria tenuissima (26 mm), Trichoderma harzianum (25 mm) and Aspergillus acidus (25 mm). The study revealed presence of some toxicogenic fungi in poultry environments. Therefore, this study recommends preventive measures like provision of adequate ventilation system, regular cleaning of poultry farms, use of clean equipment, and use of antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole and nystatin (to be used at low concentration) to inhibit and control infections in poultry farms.

Cellular cultures can be used to investigate the role of ciliates in forming of flocs of fishes in the absence of many other microbes. Aquaculture is rapidly expanding and faces numerous difficulties in achieving growing demands while maintaining the security and suitability of fish products. The primary motivation for developing fish cellular cultures, as till recent times, the most common application of these cultures, has been the exclusion and description of fish viruses which are the causal factors of epizootics in economically valuable aquaculture or fishery. Acinetobacter, Vibrio, and Pseudomonas grow faster in flesh media than in artificial media. Fish-protein-hydrolysate peptones have no interaction with prions which cause bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Tissue engineering can all be combined with advanced aquaculture technologies to make marine cellular cultures as an appealing option for producing in vitro fish meat. Fish waste products could be an interesting perspective of cost effective and efficient peptones, the use of which has resulted in good growth yields for a wide range of bacterial genera. Food loss starts immediately as the fish killed, so handling should be completed as soon as possible to avoid the development of bacteria and molds on it.

COVID 19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome – corona virus -2 (SARS – CoV 2), is a pandemic that affected millions of people worldwide. During the second wave of COVID -19 pandemic in India, an unprecedented surge in cases of mucormycosis was observed. This study was carried out to describe the clinical, morphological and histopathological staining characterstics of mucor mycosis in 16 covid patients in a tertiary care setting. Older patients with comorbidities like diabetes mellitus are commonly affected. The most common site of involvement was sinonasal tract (68.75%) followed by sinonasal tract and orbit (37.5%). Out of the 16 patients, 2 were partially vaccinated whereas others were not vaccinated. Histopathological examination of specimens revealed broad aseptate fungi in all cases. Tissue necrosis was present in all cases. Suppuration being the most common tissue reaction. 43.75% showed angioinvasion and 37.5% had bone invasion. All the cases were GMS positive with variable intestity. Treatment given in all cases were liposomal amphotericin B injection and surgical wound debridement. On follow up, 40 % of the patients died inspite of aggressive clinical management. Hence this fatal fungal infection should be kept in mind in covid 19 recovered patients especially those who are immunocompromised.

Negative experiences on an internship can adversely affect the attitude and confidence of nursing students. This highlights the need to explore the experiences of nursing students as they progress through their training. The present study examines the challenges and problems faced by nursing students during their internship program at a hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The study employed a qualitative exploratory study design by recruiting eight nursing students. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data. Moreover, the data were thematically analyzed. The major challenges and problems experienced by the nursing students were lack of support, distrust, improper behavior, and absence of a preceptorship program. There is a negative impact of these issues on nursing practice in clinical settings. The study concludes that positive outcomes are likely to be achieved by improving the internship program.

Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFCs) are a benign cyst of the liver with a ciliated coating. It is an extremely rare solitary cystic lesion. In this paper, we present a case of CHFCs in a 41-year-old woman. Our goal was to insist by the report of this clinical observation and the review of the literature on the main issue of this pathology which is to ensure a regular and rigorous monitoring of patients with CHFCs or a radical surgical treatment to anticipate or avoid malignant complications.

Nano-pesticides are essential for the successful and sustainable management of different pests, and they can decrease the use of agrochemicals, thereby mitigating current environmental dangers. Nevertheless, advancements in nano-particles or micro-particles, as well as distribution models for biolistic gene delivery in various plants, are still needed to enhance grain growth and crop and plant protection. , seed priming is being used effectively to expedite and synchronize germination, increase seedling vigor, and make plants extra resilient to various biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in increased efficiency and quality of food. Nano fertilizers have distinct properties like mega absorption, increase in production, enhanced activity of photosynthesis, and a substantial improvement in leaf surface area. Growth of plants is changed to a particular environment conditions at different phases of development; and hence, a proper choice of planting date increases photosynthesis efficacy. In this perspective, providing carbon nano-tubes in to the chloroplasts has resulted in a progress for plants' enhanced capacity to collect more energy from the sun. Lower rates of photosynthetic activity in the crop plants under the cold stress limited metabolic pathways for Carbon assimilation.

Recent advances in physics have been made through nanotechnology that employed the nanoparticles and provide the physical and chemical basis studies of various compounds. In this regards, various branches of physical such as atomic, molecular, nuclear, thermodynamics and photonics all also made several recent perspectives in their main areas. Many photonics based objected have been designed through advances in nanotechnology for example, nature of opto-electronics as it now becomes possible to imagine using coherent light produced on a chip to control electronic interactions on the same chip. The new technologies are focusing on the development of quantum physics has applied to the nanoscale systems in order to understand the as quantum sensing. Molecular physics associated with combinations of the nanoparticles intergraded with atoms and hybrid systems that would be helpful for the ultrasensitive sensor devices that are most efficient and no environmental hazards while some of the old and traditionally used devices and machines are poorly understood with noise pollution and no significant in their preparations. As, quantum computing is based on physical materials, the choice of material is important and semiconductor materials. The newly solar cell technology has been also folding the nanoparticles coating to the adhered materials of the solid surfaces for when surface plasmon is located in front of a solar cell. Microwave plasma-enhanced also applied for the different applications of diamond films. X-ray diffraction for thermodynamic based materials also important because of the some phenomenon happening in nature deals with heat, work and temperature, and their relation to energy.

The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the development and contribution of micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) partnerships in the Automotive Industry sector in Indonesia; (2) analyze the pattern and principle of partnership of MSMEs in the Automotive Industry in Indonesia; (3) analyzing the support of the central and local governments for the automotive industry partnership in Indonesia; (4) explore the placement of MSMEs in the National Industrial Estate and (5) develop a strategy for developing and expanding the partnership of MSMEs in the automotive industry in Indonesia. The methodology used is descriptive exploratory and SWOT analysis. The results of the study: (1) inductive statistics give the results that there are 1,474 Number of 2-wheel and 4-wheeled 2-wheeled automotive MSMEs with 2 wheels as many as 659 and 815 4 wheels in Indonesia, West Java by 66%, Banten by 14%, East Java 9%, DKI Jakarta 5%, Central Java 4%, and Riau Islands 1% and other provinces below 1%; (2) partnership patterns and principles in the form of agreements/contracts/supply chains of automotive partnership cooperation between MSMEs and large automotive companies; (3) government support regulations to form a special village center for MSMEs, Link & Match partnerships, People's Business Credit Programs, provide direct cash funds to MSMEs during the COVID-19 epidemic; (4) MSMEs have not yet been placed in Industrial Areas mandated by Law Number 40 of 2007 and Government Regulation Number 142 of 2015 and (5) the position and strategy of MSMEs is an aggressive maintenance strategy and a selective maintenance strategy.

The purpose of this study is to describe the weaknesses of the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) Practiced in Indonesia by examining and analyzing its contents and their problems from the perspective of the madhhab and reconstructing the KHI which contains Islamic law in the perspective of the madhhab based on the value of justice using the sociological juridical method. Informants as sources of research data are scholars, lecturers, judges, MUI, Islamic organizations, FKUB, Shi'i, Sunni, and Salafi Wahabi leaders. Data collection techniques with interviews and documentation. Data analysis goes through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and verification. The results of the study found that (1) KHI only contains family law even though Islamic law is very complex and is not limited to family law. (2) Family law which is the formulation and result of the existing ijtihad of Indonesian ulama does not need to be revised because of its suitability and acceptance of various schools of thought in Indonesia. (3) Islamic law is always based on valid and recognized madhhabs and madhhabs in this world based on the 2004 Amman Treatise and 8 others, namely Sunni, Shi'i, Dhahiri, and Ibadli (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hambali, Dhahiri, Zaidi, Ja'fari, Ibadli). (4) There are 3 schools of thought that live and develop in Indonesia with their derivative mass organizations (Sunni Syafi'i, Sunni Hambali/Salafi - Wahabi, and Shi'i). (5) The three schools of thought in Indonesia are prone to conflict and can trigger disharmony and national disintegration. (6) The need for regulation of the recognition and harmony of various schools of thought in Indonesia through the KHI channel by reconstructing the 1991 Indonesian KHI with additions; recognition, protection, and harmony of various schools of thought with national insight as a complement to the contents of Islamic law and a unifying and harmonious forum that is based on justice-based law.

Return expected state losses capable of covering the state budget deficit to cover the inability of the state to finance various aspect need based on Law No. 11 of 2009 concerning People's Welfare. Return state assets are approach in fight crime whose presence started in 1980-1988, which then applied to the type more crime-wide with incorporated into Organized Crime in 2000. Mechanism return assets are also considered urgent because who did business return on asset results corruption, and it turns out that his business often meets any obstacle. Obstacles that are then looking for road exit with arranging problem return asset. The inner country takes finance consequence act criminal corruption based on more evidence-strong, that asset the suspected originated from perpetrator act criminal corruption or used for perpetrator act criminal corruption in areas that are growing in general many stored in centres financial, this is an agenda for the Indonesian state for true, true croak all the money in the areas small whatever value. With thereby eradication act criminal corruption also pays attention interest people, beside eradicate act criminal corruption must also notice return state finances as consequence deed that because corruption always concerning state finances. Based on what is important, the study about urgency return asset results acts criminal corruption. Destination search asset is for knowing existence and type hidden assets from results act criminal, which will be used for replacement loss to the state, whose information originated among others from Financial Services Provider, Center for Transaction Reports and Analysis Finance (PPATK), Research Results Academics and NGOs, Disputes in Courts, Commissions Eradication Corruption (KPK), and others.

This study analysis to what extent Russia supported Bangladesh. Russia is a true friend of Bangladesh. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established between Bangladesh and the Soviet Union on 25 January 1972. Bangladesh has maintained bilateral relations since the collapse of the Soviet Union, with a Russian embassy in Dhaka, and a consulate-general in Chittagong. Bangladesh has an embassy in Moscow, with the two countries enjoying close military, economic and political relations. This relationship is contributing to the development of Asian regional politics, economy, and culture. Bangladesh’s relations with Russia are historic. It would have been difficult for Bangladesh to achieve independence without the cooperation of the Soviet Union, and this continues to be recognized today.

Introduction: Continuing medical education (CME) is the process through which health professionals engage in activities designed to support their continuing professional development. It is a requirement for physician relicensing, and recredentialing. Existing literature shows that CME improves physician performance as well as patient health outcomes. It is incumbent to study the experiences and attitudes of physicians towards CME activities in view of the impact of CME on the professional development. Purpose: To describe experiences and perceptions of CME activities among primary care physicians in Bahrain. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study that included all registered primary health care physicians in the ministry of health in Bahrain. Data was collected using self-administered online survey distributed to 350 primary care physicians in Bahrain. The five-point Likert scale questionnaire is composed of five sections: socio-demographic data, participant`s experiences with CME, Reasons for attending CME activities, barriers to attending CME activities and benefits of CME in relation to different delivery methods. Results: Total responses were 210 (60% response rate). The mean age of respondents was 40.8(SD 8.9) and the majority (84.4%) were female. Most of the CMEs were in the form of lectures (88.6%), interdepartmental activities (80.5%) and conferences (78.1%). Driving forces for CME were for credentialing /licensing (92.9%), develop clinical competencies (92.9%), improve clinical services/programs (95.2%) and to introduce new technology/techniques (88.6%). Regarding barriers encountered, financial support was the most encountered (mean 4.11 (SD 0.92)), followed by lack of time (mean 4.05 (SD 1.07)). Conclusion: Despite the barriers encountered, Bahraini physicians had a positive experience and attitude toward undertaking CME. There is a need for financial support and protected time to attend CME activities as well as further studies to explore how best these challenges could be managed and solved.

The effect of weaning diets formulated locally were assessed on weanling wistar rats and compared with a commercial brand to ascertain its use as weaning diets for infants in resource-poor nations. The raw ingredients were processed using local methods into different diets and fed to weanling rats weighing between 45-60 g. Thirty weanling wistar rats were divided into six groups of five animals each and were allowed access to food and water ad-libitum for 28 days following standard procedures. Results of the antinutritive components of the diets revealed that phytate recorded the least amount of 0.29±0.00 mg/110g while oxalate was highest (18.12±0.07) in diet formulated majorly with plant materials. Organ weights of the experimental animals showed that animals fed the locally formulated diets compared favourably with the commercial diet while the least weights observed in animals fed protein-free diets. The Biochemical and hematological assessment of the serum of experimental animals did not show any marked difference in all the experimental groups. From the result, it can be deduced that the locally formulated diets did not pose any adverse health effect on rats and therefore is safe for use as infant diets.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance whereby some sub-populations of bacterial species are able to survive after exposure to one or more antibiotics. The study was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of some enterobacteria from respiratory tract infection (RTIs) patients attending some tertiary Hospital in Kano, Northern Nigeria. A total of one thousand and ninety six (1096) isolates were collected. Isolates were subjected to Gram staining, motility test, biochemical characterization and further examined using Microgen TM Gram negative Identification A (Microgen GN ID A) system. Susceptibility of the isolates to some commonly used antibiotics was determined using the disc diffusion method. The result showed that various Enterobacteriaceae isolates confirmed were Pantoae agglomerans 250 (53.53%) being the most occurring followed by Klebsiella spp 160 (34.26%) and then Escherichia coli 57 (12.21%) respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates showed that the highest resistance level was recorded for Ampicillin (78%), followed by Amoxycillin (72%), Ceftazidime (42%). There is also a significant level of resistance to Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim (36%), Ceftriaxone (28%) and chloramphenicol (24%). Lower resistance levels were observed against Gentamicin (8%) and Ciprofloxacin (10%). It is concluded that there is significant level of antibiotic resistant of some isolates from respiratory tract infection (RTIs) patients.

The study sought to acquire a multinational perspective of online learning using data gathered from college students in the Philippines, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the Sultanate of Oman. Using a survey questionnaire of closed and open-ended questions, the respondents were asked about convenience, academic pressure and integrity, and the benefits and drawbacks of attending online classes. The results, after undergoing statistical processing, show that students from the three countries generally perceive online classes as effective, convenient, practical and, on the whole, better than face-to-face instruction. The main problem cited centred on the quality of connection. The study recommends that institutions come up with strategies based on the identified advantages of remote learning while taking steps to improve connection issues.