Enterprise web systems support many organizational functions, including digital transactions, cloud services, data storage, and enterprise software operations. As these systems operate across distributed infrastructures, traditional security models based on static authentication and network boundaries face significant limitations. This study proposes an identity-centric security model that integrates identity authentication, identity profiling, behavioral monitoring, risk evaluation, and policy-based access control within a unified framework. The model evaluates identity activity continuously during active sessions instead of relying only on initial login verification. Identity profiles contain contextual information derived from authentication attributes, device information, location data, and historical usage patterns. Behavioral monitoring observes session activity and identifies deviations from established patterns. A risk evaluation mechanism combines authentication irregularities and behavioral deviations to calculate identity risk scores. These scores guide policy-based access decisions within enterprise applications. Experimental analysis using simulated enterprise session data indicates improved anomaly detection capability, faster response to suspicious activity, and higher accuracy in access decisions compared with traditional role-based access control systems. Continuous monitoring and adaptive policy evaluation allow enterprise platforms to react to changing identity conditions during system interaction. The findings indicate that identity-centric security frameworks provide a context-aware approach for protecting enterprise web systems.

The coming and evolution of technology have seen its adoption in many domains, including the financial sector, following the introduction of online or digital financial transactions. This method of money transfer has been adopted by many financial institutions, with the microfinance sector being very active in it. The increased use of this mode of money transfer has led to numerous consumer rights violations, an increase in money laundering, and other unacceptable activities by individuals with malicious intent. The boiling point here is the laxity of the legislator in solving these difficulties encountered in online transactions within the microfinance sector in Cameroon. This scientific article is aimed at assessing the regulatory oversight of online transactions in MFIs in Cameroon, with a focus on the impact of regulatory laxity. It aims to assess the effectiveness with which the regulator of online financial transactions in the microfinance sector in Cameroon ensures the smooth operation of such transactions within the sector, taking into consideration their significance for consumer protection, financial stability, and, above all, financial inclusion. Through an examination of the current regulatory framework, analysis of risks, challenges, and explorations of policy recommendations, this work provides significant insight for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders in addressing regulatory loopholes and ensuring an effective system for online transactions in the microfinance sector in Cameroon.

Enterprise reporting platforms support organizational analysis through automated reports and analytical dashboards that process operational and financial data. Despite their widespread use in business intelligence environments, limited research examines the internal operational behavior of these platforms. Most studies address predictive analytics, enterprise data management, or system monitoring rather than analytical diagnosis of reporting activities. This study proposes a diagnostic analytics framework for evaluating performance within enterprise reporting systems. The framework examines report generation logs, query execution records, and system interaction data to interpret reporting behavior and identify abnormal execution patterns. The methodological process includes log data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and statistical anomaly detection using report execution time metrics. Several diagnostic indicators support the analysis, including query processing duration, concurrent user activity, data processing volume, and execution failure frequency. Analytical results show that most reports operate within normal execution ranges, while a smaller group demonstrates unusually long execution durations. These events correspond with high database workload and complex query operations. The results indicate that operational log data provide meaningful insight into reporting platform performance. The proposed framework offers a structured analytical approach for identifying reporting delays and evaluating system efficiency within enterprise reporting environments.

Background: Lung cancer remains a major public health, yet data from sub-Saharan Africa on immunohistochemical and molecular profiling are scarce. The identification of actionable molecular alterations, particularly anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, is critical for guiding targeted therapy. This study aimed to characterize the histological and IHC profiles of primary bronchopulmonary cancers diagnosed in Senegal, and to evaluate ALK rearrangement status using both IHC and FISH. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 at three pathology centers. IHC was performed with differentiation markers (TTF-1, p40, p63, CK7, CK20, CK5/6, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, Ki-67), and two anti-ALK antibody clones (D5F3 and QR017). ALK rearrangement was assessed by FISH. Results: The mean age was 60.3 ± 6.7 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio 3.8). Non-small cell malignancies accounted for 88.6% (n = 39) of cases, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent subtype (34.1% of all cases). TTF-1 was positive in 41% of tested cases; p40 and p63, in 23% each. ALK rearrangement was confirmed by FISH in 2 of 24 tested cases (4.5%). The D5F3 clone showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The QR017 clone showed 100% sensitivity with 95.5% specificity. A significant association was found between ALK positivity and adenocarcinoma histology (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility and clinical utility of implementing IHC and FISH techniques for lung cancer diagnosis in a sub-Saharan. Systematic ALK testing should be integrated into routine lung cancer diagnostics in Senegal to enable access to targeted therapies.

Functional nutrition plays a pivotal role in aquaculture by promoting fish growth, enhancing immune responses, and mitigating the impact of environmental and pathogenic stressors. With the intensification of fish farming and growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, the use of functional feeds including nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics, antioxidants, and immunostimulants has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional practices. This review critically examines the nutritional requirements of fish, explores the bio efficacy of various feed additives, and evaluates their roles in gut health modulation, disease resistance, and stress mitigation. We also discuss proactive health management strategies and the integration of vaccination and feed-based interventions. The review highlights current advancements, identifies research gaps, and emphasizes the need for precision in formulating functional feeds tailored to species-specific requirements. This integrated nutritional approach supports healthier fish stocks, improves aquaculture productivity, and reduces the industry's ecological footprint.

Despite increasing global attention to improving women’s healthcare experiences, limited research has examined how cultural expectations and health system structures influence women’s pain management experiences. This study investigated women’s perceptions, expectations, and satisfaction with pain management provided by caregivers in hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 307 women who experienced pain and sought care in outpatient clinics or emergency departments. Data were collected using the validated Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS). Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics and satisfaction levels, while the Kruskal–Wallis test examined differences in perceptions, expectations, and satisfaction across groups. Results showed that 72% of participants believed pain medication was effective, and 45.3% reported that it met their expectations. Approximately half of the women were “satisfied,” and about one-fourth were “very satisfied” across all items (22.5%–31.9%). The highest “very satisfied” ratings were for nursing care related to pain (30.3%) and pain medication (31.9%). Younger women (20–25 years) reported higher satisfaction, expectations, and positive perceptions of pain management compared to women over 45 years. The findings highlight the need for personalized, culturally competent, and communication-centered pain management approaches that consider women’s emotional, social, and demographic contexts.

Power electronic converters have been at the center of industrial systems and various energy systems such as renewable energy systems, industrial motor drives, and grid-connected power systems. The systems face harsh conditions, making reliability an essential factor for the design. The traditional procedure for the design of converters considers the reliability of the system after the parameters have been selected for the design, making it difficult to consider the parameters of the system during the design stage. This paper proposes a reliability-oriented design optimization framework for power electronic systems operating in industrial and utility-scale applications. The proposed methodology integrates electro-thermal modeling, physics-of-failure lifetime estimation, and mission-profile-based stress evaluation within a unified multi-objective optimization framework. Junction temperature profiles and thermal cycling patterns are obtained through electro-thermal simulation under realistic operating conditions. Device lifetime is then estimated using fatigue-based models, and the resulting reliability metrics are incorporated into a multi-objective optimization algorithm that considers lifetime, efficiency, and system cost. A case study involving a 500-kW grid-connected converter demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the optimized design reduces thermal stress and increases predicted semiconductor lifetime from 6.8 years to 13.6 years while maintaining high efficiency with a moderate increase in system cost. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach for reliability-oriented design of industrial power electronic systems.

This study investigated gender- and age-based differences in the quality of life (QoL) of residential school adolescents using the WHOQOL-BREF framework. A total of 216 students from residential schools in West Bengal, India, participated in the study (Male 14–15 years: n = 68; Male 16–17 years: n = 46; Female 14–15 years: n = 51; Female 16–17 years: n = 51). Participants were assessed across four Quality of Life (QoL) domains: physical health, psychological health, social health, and environment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the combined effects of gender and age, followed by univariate analyses to identify domain-specific differences. The results revealed a significant gender difference only in the physical health domain, with males reporting higher physical health than females. No gender differences were found in psychological, social, or environmental domains. However, significant age differences emerged in these three domains, with younger adolescents reporting better overall QoL than older students. The findings highlight developmental and contextual influences on adolescents’ lived experiences and underscore the need for residential schools to implement age-sensitive psychosocial support mechanisms to promote holistic well-being. These findings have implications for educational planning and student support systems in residential school settings.

Cloud-based SaaS platforms now run essential services across finance, healthcare, and government sectors. Many of these systems include automated agents and decision engines that operate at high speed and scale. Identity and access governance therefore serves as a central control layer. Traditional IAM models depend on fixed roles, centralized authorization servers, and periodic reviews. Such structures struggle in distributed, multi-tenant environments that process millions of access requests each day. Prior studies address adaptive authentication, Zero Trust security, decentralized identity, anomaly detection, and cloud resilience. However, these solutions often function separately rather than within a unified framework. This paper introduces a Resilient Identity and Access Governance Architecture that integrates real time risk evaluation, distributed policy enforcement, lifecycle governance for human and machine identities, and fault tolerance in a single design. The framework defines measurable targets for availability, detection time, throughput, and policy propagation. Risk scoring occurs during live authorization decisions, and enforcement spans multiple nodes. The result is a scalable identity governance model suitable for complex SaaS ecosystems that require high availability and consistent control.

The ethical environment within organizations significantly shapes employee behavior, workplace relationships, and overall psychological well-being. Organizational ethical climate refers to the shared perceptions among employees regarding appropriate ethical behavior and the procedures for addressing ethical issues in the workplace (Victor & Cullen, 1988). A positive ethical climate establishes norms that encourage respect, fairness, and accountability, while discouraging misconduct such as harassment and abuse of power. In contrast, weak or ambiguous ethical climates often enable unethical behaviors, including workplace harassment, which can have serious implications for employee psychological health and organizational effectiveness. Workplace harassment encompassing verbal, psychological, and social forms of mistreatment remains a critical organizational concern globally. Research indicates that employees exposed to harassment frequently experience elevated stress levels, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and reduced job satisfaction. These psychological consequences not only affect individual well-being but also undermine productivity, commitment, and organizational performance. This study investigates the relationship between organizational ethical climate and workplace harassment and examines how these factors collectively influence employee psychological health. Drawing on ethical climate theory and occupational stress frameworks, the research explores how organizational norms, leadership behavior, and institutional policies shape employees’ experiences of harassment and their psychological responses. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative survey data from 350 employees across multiple sectors with qualitative interviews to capture nuanced insights into workplace experiences. The quantitative component measured perceptions of ethical climate, exposure to workplace harassment, and indicators of psychological health using validated scales derived from established research. Qualitative interviews further explored employees’ perceptions of organizational ethics, reporting mechanisms, and leadership accountability. Findings reveal that organizations characterized by strong ethical climates particularly those emphasizing caring, fairness, and adherence to ethical rules tend to report significantly lower levels of workplace harassment. Statistical analysis demonstrates a strong negative correlation between ethical climate and harassment, suggesting that supportive and principled organizational environments act as protective mechanisms against abusive workplace behaviors. Furthermore, workplace harassment is found to have a significant negative impact on employees’ psychological health, contributing to heightened stress, emotional exhaustion, and reduced well-being. Importantly, the study also identifies ethical climate as a moderating factor that can buffer the adverse psychological effects of harassment, indicating that employees working in ethically supportive environments are better able to cope with workplace stressors. The findings highlight the critical role of ethical leadership, transparent reporting systems, and organizational accountability in promoting a safe and psychologically healthy workplace. By strengthening ethical climates, organizations can reduce the prevalence of harassment and enhance employee psychological well-being. This study contributes to the growing body of literature linking ethical organizational environments with employee mental health outcomes and underscores the importance of integrating ethical governance with workplace health policies. Ultimately, fostering a strong ethical climate is not only a moral imperative but also a strategic organizational practice that supports sustainable employee well-being and productivity.

Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (EBGS) have emerged as an effective technique for suppressing undesired harmonic components in microwave and RF systems. Harmonic distortion degrades signal integrity, reduces power efficiency, and increases electromagnetic interference in communication and power electronic circuits. This research presents the design and simulation of an EBGS based microstrip bandpass filter aimed at achieving compact size, sharp selectivity, and effective harmonic suppression. The proposed structure integrates periodic defected ground plane patterns beneath a microstrip transmission line to create frequency selective stopbands while preserving passband characteristics. MATLAB based modeling and full wave electromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze S parameters, insertion loss, return loss, and harmonic rejection performance. The results demonstrate that the EBGS based bandpass filter significantly attenuates second and third harmonics while maintaining low insertion loss within the desired passband. The proposed design provides improved selectivity and compactness compared to conventional microstrip bandpass filters. The study contributes to the advancement of high-performance filtering solutions for wireless communication systems, radar applications, and RF front end modules.

The ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of economic growth and employment over the past three decades. The industry accounts for the majority of the country’s export earnings and employs millions of workers, the majority of whom are women from rural and economically disadvantaged backgrounds. While the sector has contributed substantially to women’s economic participation and empowerment, female garment workers continue to experience multiple occupational challenges, including excessive workload, unsafe working conditions, long working hours, and limited access to occupational health resources. These factors often contribute to heightened levels of occupational stress and adversely affect workers’ physical and psychological wellbeing. Scholars have widely acknowledged that occupational stress arises when job demands exceed an individual’s capacity to cope with those demands, leading to negative outcomes such as fatigue, anxiety, reduced productivity, and long-term health problems (Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Bakker & Demerouti, 2017). Within labor-intensive industries such as garment manufacturing, these stressors are frequently intensified by production pressures, strict deadlines, and limited worker autonomy. This study examines the relationship between occupational stress, workplace safety conditions, and the overall wellbeing of female garment workers in Bangladesh. Drawing on a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data collected from female garment workers with qualitative insights obtained through in-depth interviews. The research explores the prevalence of occupational stress, workers’ perceptions of safety practices within factories, and the implications of these conditions for physical health, mental wellbeing, and job satisfaction. The findings indicate that a large proportion of female garment workers experience moderate to high levels of occupational stress associated with production targets, repetitive work, inadequate rest periods, and limited managerial support. Moreover, although safety reforms have been introduced in the industry following major industrial disasters, many workers still report concerns regarding emergency preparedness, workplace ergonomics, and access to protective equipment. These workplace conditions significantly influence worker wellbeing, contributing to health issues such as chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, psychological distress, and reduced life satisfaction. The study highlights the critical need for improved occupational health policies, stronger enforcement of workplace safety regulations, and the integration of psychosocial support systems within garment factories. By addressing both structural and psychosocial aspects of workplace conditions, policymakers and industry stakeholders can contribute to improving the wellbeing, productivity, and long-term sustainability of the garment workforce in Bangladesh.

The purpose of the study was to determine the multiple physical training regimens on selected physical fitness variables among college men handball players. To attain the purpose sixty (N=60) Handball players studying various affiliated colleges in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Their age is between 17 and 21 years. The selected subjects were divided at random into four groups of fifteen each (n=15). Group-I underwent High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Group-II underwent Functional Training (FT), Group-III underwent Combined High-Intensity Interval Training and Functional Training (HIITFT) and Group-IV acted as Control group(CG). Speed was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by 50 meters run. The duration of the training period was restricted to eight weeks and number of sessions is five days per week. The data was collected prior to and immediately after the training period of eight weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were analyzed by using the statistical technique with depended ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever, the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test was found to be significant the Scheffe's Post hoc test was used to access the paired mean differences. In all cases, 0.05 level is fixed as level of confidence to test the significance which is considered as appropriate. The results of the study observed that there is a notable difference among High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group, Functional Training (FT) group, combined High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Functional Training (FT) group and Control group on Speed. Further the results of the study concluded that combined High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Functional Training (FT) group is better than groups on developing Speed.

This article examines the pervasive yet under-documented issue of sexual assault and harassment of female lawyers by their colleagues within the Nigerian legal profession. Despite the profession's role as a custodian of justice, it is rife with significant gender-based discrimination, abuse, and impunity. This study synthesises data from recent empirical reports, analyses the existing legal and regulatory frameworks, and evaluates the cultural and structural factors that perpetuate this problem. Through an examination of landmark cases, such as Ejieke Maduka v Microsoft Nigeria, and the policies of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), this research highlights the profound disconnect between legal ideals and the lived realities of many female practitioners. It finds that a combination of patriarchal societal norms, hierarchical professional structures, economic vulnerability, and inadequate reporting mechanisms creates an environment in which sexual misconduct thrives, and victims are silenced. The research concludes with comprehensive recommendations for legislative, institutional, and cultural reforms to foster a safe, equitable, and just legal profession for all practitioners in Nigeria.

Industrial IoT systems rely heavily on wireless communication, yet security and regulatory compliance are often addressed separately during system development. This paper examines how wireless infrastructure security can be integrated with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and radio frequency (RF) regulatory requirements at the design stage. It analyzes common wireless attack vectors in industrial settings, including jamming, spoofing, and protocol exploitation, and evaluates how regulatory constraints influence hardware and network architecture decisions. A security centered device architecture is proposed where RF shielding, grounding schemes, spectrum allocation, and firmware isolation are treated as interconnected design elements. The framework incorporates zero trust communication principles within industrial wireless networks while maintaining compliance with EMC standards such as IEC 61000 and relevant RF certification requirements. The study demonstrates that early coordination between cybersecurity engineering and compliance engineering reduces redesign cycles and certification delays. The proposed model offers a structured pathway for building industrial wireless systems that meet both security and regulatory obligations without post development modifications.