Background: Fetal movement is an early sign of life and indicates well-being. Reduced fetal movement is common in pregnant women, affecting perinatal outcomes and increasing risks of stillbirth, growth restriction, distress, and preterm birth. The biophysical profile (BPP) assesses fetal well-being in the last trimester. This study evaluated the association between BPP scores, delivery mode, and neonatal outcomes in women with reduced fetal movement at term. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from August 2019 to July 2020. One hundred women at ≥37 weeks of gestation with reduced fetal movement were enrolled and divided into normal (≥8/10) and abnormal (≤6/10) BPP groups. Maternal demographics, mode of delivery, and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Caesarean section rates were significantly higher among women with abnormal BPP (80.95%) compared to those with normal scores (46.55%) (p=0.002). Vaginal deliveries predominated in the normal group. Perinatal outcomes were generally favorable, but neonatal death and stillbirth occurred more frequently in the abnormal BPP group (7.14%) compared to the normal group (1.72%), though this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Abnormal BPP scores correlated with higher caesarean rates and adverse outcomes. However, no significant difference in mortality was observed. Findings suggest BPP helps identify at-risk fetuses, but delivery decisions should combine test results and clinical judgment to balance intervention with outcomes.

Background: Management of mid-trimester missed abortion in women with a scarred uterus poses unique challenges. Both pharmacological and mechanical methods are used. Misoprostol is widely used for second-trimester termination, while Foley’s catheter aids cervical ripening through prostaglandin and oxytocin release. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol has been shown to reduce the induction-to-abortion interval compared to Foley’s catheter alone. This study aimed to compare the maternal safety, effectiveness, and side-effect profile of these two methods in women with mid-trimester missed abortion and a scarred uterus. Methods: This comparative observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, including 80 women with missed abortion and prior cesarean section. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 40) received combined mifepristone and misoprostol, and Group B (n = 40) received Foley’s catheter alone. Results: The mean age was comparable between groups (27.0 ± 4.1 vs. 27.2 ± 4.0 years). Mean gestational age was significantly lower in Group A (16.2 ± 2.6 weeks) than Group B (23.1 ± 2.0 weeks). Success rates were high in both groups (97.5% vs. 95.0%, p=0.558). The mean induction–expulsion interval was significantly shorter in Group A (10.1 ± 2.1 hours) compared to Group B (18.5 ± 2.9 hours, p<0.0001). Surgical interventions were rarely required, with manual vacuum aspiration being the only method used. Side effects differed between groups: Group A experienced nausea/vomiting (50.0%) and fever (19.4%), while Group B reported psychological upset (8.3%) and mild pain (19.4%). Conclusion: Mifepristone with misoprostol was more effective in reducing induction–expulsion time compared to Foley’s catheter, with different but tolerable side effect profiles in both groups.

Background: Despite evidence supporting the use of MCA/UA Doppler ratios in detecting fetal compromise, most studies have focused on high-risk pregnancies or specific populations, with limited data from broader clinical settings, particularly in Bangladesh; therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Middle Cerebral Artery to Umbilical Artery Resistance Index Ratio in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Middle Cerebral Artery to Umbilical Artery Resistance Index Ratio in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 106 pregnant women at 29–38 weeks gestation was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka (Nov 2022–Feb 2024). Maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded, C/U ratio was assessed, participants were grouped by a 1.01 cut-off, and data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0 (p < 0.05). Results: The C/U ratio predicted adverse perinatal outcomes with an ROC AUC of 0.827 (95% CI: 0.749–0.905; p < 0.0001). At a cut-off of 1.01, sensitivity was 77.8%, specificity 84.6%, PPV 46.2%, NPV 95.7%, and accuracy 83.6%. Low C/U (<1.01) was associated with higher rates of complicated outcomes (84.0% vs 21.4%), 5-min APGAR <7 (68.0% vs 19.6%), NICU admission (74.0% vs 21.4%), respiratory distress (60.0% vs 12.5%), and FGR (18.0% vs 0.0%) compared to C/U ≥1.01 (P <0.05). Conclusion: A C/U ratio below 1.01 reliably predicts adverse perinatal outcomes, supporting its use for early identification of at-risk fetuses.

Menstrual irregularities are common among subfertile women and often reflect underlying endocrine dysfunctions. Thyroid hormones and prolactin play key roles in the regulation of menstruation, and abnormalities in their levels may disrupt ovulation and fertility. This study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia with menstrual irregularities in subfertile women attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A case–control study was conducted at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2022 to March 2024. A total of 100 women were enrolled in the study: 50 with primary subfertility (cases) and 50 fertile women (controls). Menstrual history and clinical features were also recorded. Serum TSH, FT3, FT4, and prolactin levels were measured using a chemiluminescent magnetic microparticle assay. Anovulation was assessed using mid-cycle ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Results: Acyclical menstruation (42.0% vs. 28.0%) and oligomenorrhea (26.0% vs. 14.0%) were more frequent in the cases than in the controls. Anovulation was significantly more common in subfertile women than in fertile women (24.0% vs. 8.0%, p=0.029). Biochemical analysis revealed higher TSH (4.92 ± 5.35 vs. 3.83 ± 6.04 µIU/mL, p=0.041) and prolactin levels (38.09 ± 29.3 vs. 22.27 ± 12.6 ng/mL, p=0.005), and lower FT4 (5.45 ± 3.44 vs. 16.92 ± 3.28 pmol/L, p=0.032) in cases. Galactorrhoea was also more frequent among subfertile women, though not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia are strongly associated with menstrual irregularities in subfertile women. Routine hormonal screening may enable early diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving reproductive outcomes of patients.

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a key determinant of maternal and fetal outcomes, particularly in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Both excessive and inadequate GWG have been associated with adverse outcomes, yet data on the impact of GWG in diabetic mothers in Bangladesh remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between GWG and maternal and fetal complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, from August 2022 to June 2024. A total of 102 pregnant women at ≥37 weeks of gestation, including 51 with GDM and 51 with PGDM, were enrolled. Participants were categorized into excessive, normal, and inadequate GWG groups. Maternal and fetal complications, as well as mode of delivery, were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Among GDM patients, 49.02% had normal GWG, 31.37% excessive, and 19.61% inadequate. Cesarean section was significantly higher in the excessive GWG group (93.7%) compared to normal (40.0%) and inadequate (60.0%) GWG groups (p=0.006). Maternal complications were more frequent in PGDM than GDM across all GWG categories but without statistical significance. Fetal complications were significantly higher in PGDM mothers with normal GWG (57.9% vs. 28.0%, p=0.046), while other GWG groups showed no significant differences. Type-specific fetal complications in inadequate GWG were not statistically different between GDM and PGDM. Conclusion: Both excessive and inadequate GWG in diabetic pregnancies are associated with increased maternal and fetal complications, with PGDM mothers at higher risk. Appropriate monitoring and management of GWG is crucial to optimize perinatal outcomes.

Background: Eclampsia remains a significant contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of eclampsia patients admitted to Dinajpur Medical College Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dinajpur Medical College Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, from July 2008 to December 2008. In this study, we included 52 patients who were admitted with eclampsia at Dinajpur Medical College Hospital during the specified study period. Results: Most patients were aged 21–25 years (48.1%), primigravida (65.4%). Nearly half (48.1%) delivered between 33–37 weeks of gestation. Most of the patients had the antepartum eclampsia (55.8%), followed by postpartum (25.0%) and intrapartum (19.2%) eclampsia. Regarding morbidity, 44.2% experienced complications, most commonly wound infection (15.4%) and raised blood pressure (15.4%). Maternal mortality was 5.8%, with stroke (66.7%) and pulmonary edema (33.3%) as the leading causes. Among 54 neonates, 88.9% were live births and 11.1% stillbirths. Of the 26 neonates referred for pediatric evaluation, prematurity (46.2%) and birth asphyxia (34.6%) were the predominant causes. Early neonatal death occurred in 23.1% of referred cases, mainly due to birth asphyxia (50%) and prematurity (33.3%). Overall, 77.8% of neonates were discharged healthy, while perinatal death accounted for 22.2%. Conclusion: Eclampsia remains a significant cause of maternal and perinatal complications. Maternal morbidity was common, though mortality was relatively low, while perinatal death and neonatal morbidity were substantial, largely due to birth asphyxia and prematurity.

Thin-film ferroelectrics and ferromagnets face performance limits. High leakage, low endurance, and weak scalability restrict real use. This study explores multifunctional nanoparticle integration into thin-film structures. Nanoparticles enhance charge storage, stability, and coupling. Ferroelectric response is boosted with improved polarization retention. Ferromagnetic layers show strong anisotropy and thermal durability. The hybrid films deliver high energy density with low loss. Enhanced dielectric constant and suppressed fatigue confirm stability. Coupled ferroelectric–ferromagnetic interaction allows efficient multistate operation. This dual behavior supports high-performance capacitors and logic devices. Nanoparticle doping creates uniform grain size and controlled interfaces. Such design reduces defects, leakage, and switching noise. Tailored interfaces enable flexible and miniaturized nanoelectronic circuits. The approach also ensures high scalability for large-area integration. Results show efficiency suitable for next-generation energy storage. The multifunctional films also support spintronic and memory devices. Unique novelty lies in engineered nanoparticle synergy inside thin films. This synergy brings multifunctional energy and electronic benefits. The work introduces a new platform for advanced materials. It bridges energy storage and nanoelectronics through a single system. The strategy moves beyond conventional doping or layering. It provides adaptive and high-efficiency solutions for modern technologies. Future scope lies in quantum devices, neuromorphic hardware, and IoT. Overall, the research sets a pathway for multifunctional, scalable, and energy-smart nanoelectronic materials.

Poor waste management techniques including the indiscriminate use of poorly constructed landfills as solid waste receptors can lead to the pollution of groundwater in communities. This study examined the physicochemical qualities of groundwater proximate to a major solid waste landfill in Owerri, Imo State during rainy and dry seasons. The determination of the quality of the groundwater samples was carried out in accordance with the standards of the American Public Health Association (APHA). The results obtained from the analysis of the groundwater samples was compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards for drinking water. The values obtained from the analysis of the groundwater samples in both season shows that some of the tested parameters existed in values higher than both WHO and NSDWQ standards for drinking water quality. The results also showed that the concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, and nickel were above the WHO and NSDWQ standards. The Chemical Oxygen Demand, Turbidity and the Total Soluble Solids exceeded the WHO and NSDWQ standards for drinking water quality in both studied seasons. Findings from this study suggest that dumpsite solid waste could impact negatively on some physicochemical qualities of groundwater sited around their vicinity. Therefore, the location of solid waste dumpsites around residential areas should be discouraged.

The co-occurrence of mental illness and chronic medical conditions represents a formidable and escalating public health challenge. Patients with these comorbidities experience a synergistic burden of illness, leading to poorer clinical outcomes, reduced quality of life, and significantly increased mortality compared to those with either condition alone. Traditional healthcare systems, historically fragmented into separate silos for physical and mental health, are fundamentally ill-equipped to manage this complex patient population, resulting in care that is inefficient, costly, and often iatrogenic. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current evidence on integrated care models as the superior standard of care for this population. We first examine the profound epidemiological scale and bidirectional pathophysiology of comorbidity, exploring the shared biological mechanisms, including systemic inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, that link mind and body. We then delineate the severe clinical and economic consequences of fragmented care, including the staggering mortality gap and the pervasive problem of polypharmacy. Subsequently, we outline the foundational components of effective integrated care, such as patient-centered planning, measurement-based care, and comprehensive medication management. A critical analysis of evidence-based models including the Collaborative Care Model (CoCM), the Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) model, and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is presented, highlighting their distinct applications across a continuum of patient acuity. Finally, we address key implementation challenges and future directions, emphasizing the critical roles of technology, policy reform, and the transition to value-based payment models. The evidence overwhelmingly indicates that a systemic shift toward integrated, whole-person care is not merely an option but a clinical and fiscal imperative.

The exorbitant cost of silicon photovoltaics has led to a growing interest in alternate semiconductor materials for light gathering. Single-walled carbon nanotubes possess unique electrical and optical characteristics, making them a viable material for photovoltaic applications. Exploring ways to utilize these capabilities in photovoltaic devices is crucial. Carbon nanotubes have undergone extensive research in organic photovoltaics and photoelectrochemical cells. However, they may also be combined with a well-known semiconductor, such as Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS). Nanotube-silicon heterojunction solar cells have shown up to 33 % power conversion efficiency, potentially due to the photoactivity of carbon nanotubes.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of existing literature to assess the relationship between obesity and CKD. Methods: A detailed computerized search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. The search encompassed PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to find pertinent research. Results: Our analysis included seven studies with a total of 21,191 obese patients and males comprised less than half of the participants, totaling 6675 (31.5%). The prevalence of CKD among obese individuals ranged from 7% to 48.9%. The results of this systematic review indicate a clear association between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Across multiple studies, obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, was found to significantly increase the risk of developing and progressing CKD, with higher body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) correlating with greater renal dysfunction. Key mechanisms involved include renal fat deposition, increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline, and metabolic disturbances. Conclusion: This systematic review provides strong evidence that obesity is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. The reviewed studies highlight the complex interplay between obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and renal impairment, underscoring the need for early identification and management of obesity in patients at risk for CKD.

This study evaluated the phytoremediation potential of Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) in petroleum-contaminated soils collected from Ogale, Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The investigation focused on the reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil and the accumulation of these hydrocarbons in plant tissues after a three-month remediation period. Experimental setups included control and contaminated soil samples, with TPH and PAH concentrations monitored before and after remediation using gas chromatography. The results revealed a significant reduction in hydrocarbon concentrations in moderately contaminated soils. In Sample B, TPH and PAH removal efficiencies reached 33.19% and 78.07%, respectively, while Sample C, which was more heavily polluted, showed lower efficiencies of 3.85% for TPHs and 58.65% for PAHs. Accumulation analysis confirmed the uptake of hydrocarbons by P. purpureum, with a total of 13,004.60 ppm of TPHs and 33.98 ppm of PAHs detected in plant tissues. The uptake-to-removal ratios further supported the plant’s role in phytoextraction, particularly for high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. These findings underscore the effectiveness of P. purpureum as a low-cost and environmentally sustainable solution for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils, especially in moderately polluted environments. The study reinforces the relevance of plant-soil-microbe interactions and site-specific conditions in enhancing phytoremediation efficiency.

Microfluidics is the science and technology of manipulating minute fluid volumes within micro-sized channels. It is an interdisciplinary technology that integrates physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and microengineering, offering transformative potential for biomedical research. Recent innovations in the field of microfluidics such as organ-on-chip devices, droplet-based assays, 3D bioprinting, integration with artificial intelligence and CRISPR technologies have accelerated the development of physiologically close models and personalized medicine approaches. This review comprehensively examines the emerging field of microfluidics, including its design principles, fabrication techniques, and commonly materials used materials. Moreover, also highlights the key applications in stem cell culture, organ-mimicking systems, cancer and infectious disease research, drug discovery, and genome editing. Furthermore, it also compares with traditional methods, outlines the current challenges, along with future directions that emphasize smart, adaptive platforms for real-time monitoring and automated control.

This study examines how multidisciplinary collaboration among emergency, clinical, and administrative professionals influences patient outcomes and overall hospital performance. Focusing on real-world interactions in acute care settings, it analyzes communication patterns, decision-making processes, and coordinated workflows that bridge clinical and non-clinical roles. By mapping how emergency physicians, nurses, allied health staff, and administrators share information and align priorities during care transitions, the research identifies which collaborative behaviors are most strongly associated with reduced length of stay, lower readmission rates, and improved patient safety metrics. The study also considers contextual factors—such as staffing levels, electronic health record (EHR) integration, and leadership support—that enable or hinder effective teamwork. Using a mixed-methods design, the study combines quantitative performance indicators with qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and direct observations to generate a comprehensive picture of interprofessional practice. Statistical analyses correlate specific collaborative interventions (for example, structured handoff protocols or interdisciplinary rounds) with measurable improvements in efficiency and clinical outcomes, while thematic analysis reveals perceived barriers like role ambiguity, time pressure, and cultural silos. The findings aim to inform practical recommendations for training, workflow redesign, and policy changes that strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration and, in turn, enhance hospital resilience, patient experience, and operational sustainability.

In December 2019, an outbreak of a new type of acute respiratory disease (pneumonia) was reported in central China, and the number of people infected with it increased rapidly. Doctors named this disease COVID–19 and identified its origin as a virus called SARS–COV–2. So far, no effective drug has been produced that can be used to treat this disease with certainty, but some drugs have been identified and introduced that have shown a significant effect on the recovery of patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the drugs that have been used to treat Covid–19 patients so that the drugs that have the greatest effect on the recovery of patients can be identified and introduced. The drugs lopinavir and ritonavir, in combination with complementary drugs such as interferon alpha, have been effective in reducing the load capacity of the Betacoronaviruses family. The drugs hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been effective in limiting the replication of COVID–19 in laboratory conditions. The antiviral drug amantadine reduces the replication capacity of the virus. Remdesivir can prevent lung damage caused by coronavirus infection in humans. In the case of favipiravir, studies have shown a recovery rate of 91.43%, indicating a very high effectiveness of this drug. Favipiravir and remdesivir have shown significant effectiveness. The drugs lopinavir and ritonavir, used in combination with interferon alpha, as well as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have shown low effectiveness.