This paper explores the prevalence of sleeping sickness in British Southern Cameroons and examines the various preventive measures implemented by the colonial administration to slow down the scourge of the disease in Southern Cameroons. The disease had a deep rooted impact on the indigenous population and was recognized as public health problem in the territory. Hence there was the need to implement preventive measures against the prevalence of the disease. The British were obliged by articles 2 and 10 of the mandate and trusteeship agreements respectively to ensure the social advancement of the people. It was in this context that the colonial administration and native authorities faced with the scourge of the disease engaged preventive measures to control the disease. This explains why preventive measures including population resettlement, travel restrictions fly depopulation and bush clearing was primordial in the fight against the disease. This paper argues that preventive measures succeeded to an extent in rolling back the scourge of sleeping sickness in British southern Cameroons. Preventive measures impeded the advancement of socio-economic activities in most disease prevalent areas.

The ageing global population has necessitated adequate preparation for the healthcare needs of older adults. Nurses are front line staff in the health sector and are expected to a play major role in the care of the older adults. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Questionnaire was administered to 84 respondents who were final year students in two schools of nursing in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study shows that 69.0% of the students perceived their experience while caring for older adults as interesting and this significantly influenced the decision of 31.0% of them who were willing to take up career in geriatric nursing. Adequate training and care facilities should be provided to give student nurses’ interesting experience during training in order to make geriatric nursing a more preferred area of specialization.

Balangu (Lallemantia royleana) is a member of the Lamiaceae or Labiateae family. In Pakistan commonly called Tukhmalanga. This valuable medicinal plant is indigenous to tropical Asia, including India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The chemical analysis of Lallemantia royleana seed showed that the seeds contained: protein 25.60%, fat 18.27%, fiber 1.29%, alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, pholobtannin tannins, volatile oils, mixed fatty acids and terpenoids. It exerted many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, antiemetic, hypolipidemic, protective and many other pharmacological effects. The current review discussed the Lallemantia royleana as a beneficial medicinal plant. It can be a good remedy for skin disease. Further screening for phytochemicals should be carried out in search of novel therapeutic compounds.

Introduction: Oligohydramnios or decreased amniotic fluid volume (AFI<5cm) is associated with adverse maternal & Pregnancy outcome. Amniotic fluid is a very complicated yellowish fluid located between the amniotic sac and the fetus. Oligohydramnios is associated with adverse Pregnancy outcome in the form of meconium staining, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), caesarean section for abnormal fetal heart rate tracing, low Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy outcome of oligohydramnios and borderline amniotic fluid index. Methods: This was a prospective study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rangpur Medical College & Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh from January 2022 to June 2022. Total number of sample size will be taken 100. Among them 50 patient of oligohydramnios and 50 patients with borderline amniotic fluid index will be taken as group-A & group-B respectively. 100 singleton pregnancies beyond 28 weeks of gestation with AFI< 8 cm, delivered within seven days of admission. Patients were divided in two groups, those with AFI ≤ 5 cm and borderline AFI of 5.1 to 8 cm. Pregnancy outcome was studied in the form of onset of labor, mode of delivery, fetal heart rate variations, meconium staining and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) for fetal distress, Apgar score, birth weight, NICU admission and neonatal mortality. Results: Amongst the study group, 50% of cases had oligohydramnios (AFI ≤5 cm) as against 50% with marginal or borderline AFI. There was no statistical difference in age, parity and gestational age in both the groups. The mean amniotic fluid index in the first group with AFI ≤5 cm was 3.48±1.10 and that of second group with AFI of 5.1 to 8 cm was 6.69±0.75. On comparison of mode of delivery in between both the groups, a statistically significant difference was observed for caesarean section in oligohydramnios with AFI ≤ 5 cm group compared to AFI of 5.1 to 8 cm group. Patients with oligohydramnios with AFI ≤5 cm were significantly associated with IUGR and presence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (p <0.05). Adverse Pregnancy outcome was seen in higher percentage of patients having AFI ≤5 cm than with borderline AFI. The difference was statistically significant for overall caesarean delivery rate and LSCS for fetal distress (p <0.05). Conclusion: An amniotic fluid index of ≤5 cm is commonly associated with intrauterine growth restriction and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry studies. Adverse Pregnancy outcome is seen in higher percentage of patients having oligohydramnios than that of borderline AFI. Statistically significant difference for overall caesarean delivery rate as well as LSCS for fetal distress mandates the need for close antepartum and intrapartum monitoring.

General academic English has been attached greater importance in higher education in China. This paper focuses on the teaching effect of general academic English in North China Electric Power University（Baoding）from the perspective of PCT（Projects+Cases+Texts）. Through the analysis of students’ questionnaire and interview, it is proved that PCT is an effective way in general academic English teaching. This paper aims to provide practical experience for the further development of general academic English curriculum.

Endurance-type disciplines (running, cycling, biathlon) define the cyclic structure of an athlete's movements, which, in addition to functional parameters, also includes an adequate morphological profile and body composition. Based on the detection, analysis and evaluation of these parameters, it is possible to define the body composition of the competitors as well as possible mutual differences even though it is endurance sports. The results are all the more relevant if the profile of top athletes with notable results is being evaluated. The current case study analyzes the morphological dimensions and body composition of competitors of three different disciplines (middle and long distances, cycling, biathlon) of top-level competitors, members of national teams. The study was conducted: Uroš Gutić (UG) - runner middle and long distances, member of AK "Sarajevo" and the BIH athletic national team; Milan Milivojević (MM) – cyclist, member of Cycling club "Borac" Čačak (Serbia), and the member Serbian national team; Stefan Lopatić (SL) – biathlete, member SK "Romanija" Pale, and BIH national team.

Background: Pain is a significant and possibly debilitating symptom for children and it can affect the quality of life. Poorly relieved pain has been associated with negative outcomes including delayed recovery and increased likelihood of early death. The study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards managing Paediatric pain in Jouf region. Methods: This study adopted the quantitative research approach through conducting across-sectional survey. Results: The results showed that nurses’ had a moderate level of knowledge about pain management of Paediatric patients (15.15±4.3), and had neutral attitudes towards pain management among Paediatric patients (2.67±0.62) Conclusion: Educational and training programs should be conducted for nurses in the field of Paediatric Pain Management in Jouf region hospitals.

The problem studied in this research are what are the weaknesses of the current regulation on defaulting on agreements with mortgage guarantees and how is the reconstruction of the regulation of defaulting the agreement with the guarantee of mortgage rights based on the value of Pancasila justice using a sociological juridical research approach, descriptive research specifications, primary and secondary data sources, data collection methods using literature studies and field studies, data analysis using qualitative. The results of the study shows that the Weaknesses in the regulation of default on agreements with mortgage guarantees currently is that there are weaknesses, namely from the aspect of legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. From the aspect of legal substance, there are legal rules regarding the implementation of the encumbrance of Mortgage Rights in a credit agreement. Aspects of the legal structure are still not synergized by law enforcement officers and take sides with one party, in fact often do not side with consumers. From the legal culture, it is necessary to socialize to the community to emphasize the existence of legal protection. Therefore the Reconstruction of the regulation of default of agreement with guarantee of mortgage based on the value of Pancasila justice is by reconstructing Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection in Article 2, Article 6, Article 14 Paragraph (3) and Article 20 Paragraph (1) of the Law. Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage on Land and Objects Related to Land and the Civil Code Article 1243.

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate Extended-release oxybutynin chloride tablets using a push-pull osmotic pump system. Oxybutynin HCL is a muscarinic antagonist used for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. PPOP are used to deliver drugs that are highly soluble in water. The drug is located in the upper compartment along with osmogent while the lower compartment consists of polymeric osmotic agents. The push pull technique has been formulated in the form of double-layer tablets by wet granulation. The nine formulations were prepared using oxybutynin chloride, HPMC, polyethylene oxide, Nacl, and other excipients, lubricants, and colouring agents. The tablets are coated with a semi-permeable membrane (cellulose acetate), followed by a film coating. The pre-compression parameters (Bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose) and post-compression parameters of the extended-release tablets (Hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, and drug content) were all within limits. An FTIR study showed no interaction between API and HPMC and all excipients at the molecular level. In vitro release studies in 0.1 N HCl, and 6.0 phosphate buffer showed that the optimized F5 formulation extended the drug release by 93% after 24 h and the release profile was similar to a product from an innovator.

The main problem studied in this research is what are the weaknesses in the Enforcement of Corruption Act in Indonesia and how the legal construction based on justice value using a constructivism paradigm with a sociological juridical approach to solve research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by finding the legal reality experienced in the field as well as qualitative descriptive methods, namely where the data obtained are then arranged systematically so that a comprehensive picture will be obtained, where later the data will be presented descriptively. The Result Shows that The weaknesses of criminal justice regulations against corruption in the Indonesian legal system consist of the Substance Factors of the Supreme Court Law No. 1 of 2020 only limit the scope of application of Article 2 and Article 3 of the Law, The Legal Structure Factor, namely the composition of the Corruption Court judges, which consists of career judges and ad hoc judges, often does not focus on handling corruption cases because there are career judges who also handle other cases, And then The legal culture factor, that is the attitude of the people who regard corruption cases as a thing of the past and ignorant, the strong culture of reluctance. In order to tackle this, It is necessary to reconstruct the criminal justice regulations against corruption in order to realize fair law enforcement, namely through the establishment of a new permanent expansion of PERMA No. 1 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for the Criminalization of Article 2 and Article 3 of the Corruption Law in order to better reach other articles of corruption and reconstruct Article 10 paragraph (5) of Law No. 46 of 2009 concerning the Corruption Act Court to "The term of office of ad hoc judges is for a period of 5 (five) years and is proposed to be reappointed every 5 (five) years by the Supreme Court".

When the Administration of Criminal Justice Act,2015 was enacted, the purpose among others, was the protection of the rights of the suspect/defensdant and the society from crime. In the prosecution of its purpose, the Act provides for the defendant’s right to bail subject to the discretion of the court to stipulate deposit of money among other terms as a condition for the bail. Further more, the Act provides for the establishment of professional surety regime whereby registered bondsmen are allowed to stand surtety for defendant on the payment of fees to be detrmined on agreement with the defendant. The consequence is the growth of bail industry at Abuja and other cities of Nigeria, where bondsmen force relations of defendants to contribute money in payment of their charges in the same manner as ransom is contributed to kidnappers for the freedom of their loved ones in detention. In this paper, the writer appraised the security implication of the new bail regime on Nigeria and its implication on the right of the defendant to presumption of innocence enshrined in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as ameded). In the course of so doing, the writer uses the doctrinal research method and drew from the American experience on the subject before arriving at conclusion.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a lesion that is often discovered incidentally in breast biopsies performed for benign or malignant lesions of the breast. More rarely, it may present as a palpable lesion. The term "Pseudoangiomatous" has been proposed to underline its particular histological aspect simulating a vascular proliferation. We report a case of PASH in a 42-year-old female patient presenting as a recurrent lesion that resulted in a considerable and rapid increase in breast volume (135 x 100 x 97mm) requiring a large lumpectomy with muscular-fat remodeling. Angiosarcoma and fibroadenoma remain the main differential diagnoses. Anatomopathological examination allows us to eliminate them, in particular through immunohistochemistry.

The formulation of the problem in this study is what are the weaknesses of the accountability for criminal acts of corruption involving corporations in Indonesia Currently and How is the reconstruction of the accountability for criminal acts of corruption involving corporations in Indonesia based on the justice value in a Sociological-Juridical Type of Research where the researcher's primary data refers to data or facts and legal cases that are obtained directly through research in the field, including information from respondents related to the object of research and practices that can be seen and related to the object of research. Secondary data is done by means of literature study. Secondary data in this study include: Primary legal materials, which consist of: 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 2 of 2011 concerning Amendments to Law No. 2 of 2008 concerning Political Parties. The results of the study shows that the weakness of accountability for criminal acts of corruption involving corporations is from the aspect of legal substance, that the purpose of punishment in the Criminal Code has not been properly implemented in corporations. Weaknesses from the aspect of legal structure, that there is no synergy between law enforcers so that they are no longer fragmented, and weaknesses from aspects of legal culture, including the low loyalty of the law enforcement officers in carrying out and carrying out state duties, behavior patterns and professionalism. Apparatus is one of the main problems that must be studied for reform and become a solution in the enforcement of integral corporate criminal responsibility. Therefore the Reconstruction of accountability for criminal acts of corruption involving corporations based on the value of justice is in Article 15 and Article 20 paragraph 8 of Law Number 20 of 2001.

It is not unusual in Nigeria for persons to engage in confrontation with law enforcement officers in Nigeria at the point of attempt to arrest them. This nation became saddled with this development on the evening of the 24th day of May 2022 when virtually all the television channels in Nigeria and the social media was agog with live pictures from the Abuja, Federal Capital Territory residence of His Excellency Senator Rochas Okorocha. The operatives of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (hereinafter referred to as EFCC) with the Nigerian Police in an attempt to arrest the senator encountered resistance as he refused to surrender himself to the law enforcement agents but rather locked all the entrances to his residence. Reasonable force was deployed and some part of the roof and ceiling was pulled off in order to secure access to before he was arrested. This paper seeks to question the propriety or impropriety of the destruction of his property in an attempt to arrest the Senator without warrant of arrest; to examine the immunity of the senator from arrest being a serving senator and a former Governor of a State under the Nigerian laws in comparison with what obtains in foreign jurisdictions.

Public authorities, bodies and institutions are established by statutory legislations and must therefore carryout their functions and operations in accordance with those prescribed statutory provisions. At any point those public authorities act outside those statutes, the general public should have unrestricted access to courts in order to checkmate those exegesis. The courts therefore have supervisory jurisdiction on public bodies and institutions under the realm of judicial review to determine the legality or otherwise of public institutions’ decisions affecting the general public or their properties. This article critically analyses the principles of judicial review in the United Kingdom and in Nigeria to see if there is anything the latter can learn form the former.