Introduction: The Fibroscan® is a non-invasive test that assesses liver fibrosis by measuring the degree of liver elasticity. It occupies an important place in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.The aim is to evaluate the interest of Fibroscan® in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic HbeAg negative infections. Materials and methods: All patients with a chronic HbeAg negative infection from April 2019 to June 2022 were included. Chronic HbeAg negative infection is defined by: a normal clinical examination, a normal abdominal ultrasound, normality of transaminases at several times, AgHbs positive, AgHbe negative, and viral DNA less than 2000 IU/ml on quarterly monitoring over 1 year. The interpretation of the Fibroscan® results took into account 10 measurements validated by the device with the interquartile range (IQR) < 30% of the median and a success rate > 60%. Results: Out of a total of 753 Fibroscans® performed, 163 patients had a chronic HbeAg negative infection, i.e. 21.6%. The mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 11.2. We note a female predominance of 52.1% with a sex ratio of 0.9. The median elasticity value was 5.6 Kpa (2.5 – 20 Kpa). Fibrosis was non-significant in 83.3% and fibrosis was significant in 16.6% (moderate fibrosis: 12%; severe: 1.3% and cirrhosis: 3.3%). There was a failure of the fibroscan in 13 patients (7.9%) with a BMI > 35 kg/m2 despite the XL probe. Conclusion: Fibroscan® showed the absence of significant fibrosis in the majority of patients with chronic HbeAg negative infection. It allowed the diagnosis of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in 16.6% of cases. The fibroscan is an excellent non-invasive examination for the evaluation of fibrosis in chronic HbeAg negative infections.

The notion of ensuring food for all through rice production in Cameroon dates back to 1954 with the creation of SEMRY (Sociétéd Expansionet de Modernization de la Riziculture de Yagoua). Consequently, rice production in Cameroon was left at the mercy of untrained farmers with limited or no access to input and technology. This study examines the effect of market structure and conduct on the performance of Ndop rice marketing. The research interviewed a total of 50 respondents (19 farmers-traders, 12 millers, 9 wholesalers and 10 retailers) who were selected randomly. The data was analyzed with the use of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 and Excel while the Weighted Least Squares regression technique was employed for the estimation of coefficients and test of hypothesis. Performance of the Ndop marketing was captured in a broad dimension which included aspects of product quality and product efficiency, market structure was captured by product homogeneity, entry and exit and market growth rate, while market conduct was captured by the marketing strategy, price strategy and product strategy. Result of the findings revealed that market structure and conduct positively and significantly influences the performance of the Ndop rice marketing. Effort should be directed towards improving the quality and quantity of local rice for it to compete with imported counterpart. This can be achieved by subsidizing cost of milling and monitoring the processing and packaging of locally produced rice at every stage in the marketing chain. The improvement of farm to market roads, the varieties of seeds as well as subsidizing the production process will go a long way to improve market performance.

Research conducted to identify the etiologic features of Class III malocclusion showed that this type of deformity involves not only jaws, but the total cranio-facial complex, making it a difficult anomaly to understand. Majority of patients presenting with Class III malocclusions have a combined skeletal and dental discrepancy, making the factors contributing to this anomaly, complex. In skeletal Class III cases, it is challenging to obtain an esthetically and functionally sound occlusal outcome, only with orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, owing to its high rate of relapse it is difficult to maintain a constant post treatment occlusion. The clinical success of orthodontic mini-screws is dependent on many factors such its material characteristics, biomechanics, surgical technique, clinician’s experience, bone depth and quality, primary stability of the mini-screw and oral hygiene of the patient. However, despite its large-scale application in routine orthodontics, its success rate can be further improved. The present article demonstrates the effect of mini-screws on skeletal class III treatment.

Background: Nursing is known to be stressful. Stress detrimentally can influence job satisfaction, psychological well-being, and physical health. There is a need for increased understanding of the stress that nurses experience and how best to manage it. The best coping predictors of mental health were escape–avoidance, distancing, and self-control. Other significant predictors of mental health were support in the workplace, the number of years worked in the unit, and workload. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study design was used to determine the stress level and coping strategies at tertiary care hospital. 120 nurses working at gastro, medical and surgical wards were selected as sample. Data was collected through the standardized well adopted 31 item questionnaires. Results: results revealed that only (62) 57% nurses are suffering from stress and the used different strategies to manage the stress such as Prayers 55%, Sleeping 9%, exercise 2%, Spending times with friends 5%, Silence during problem 2%, Plan for tour 8%, Music therapy 10%, Walking 1%, Painting 3%, Set prioritises to avoid stress7%. Conclusions: Thus, the process of identifying nurses’ coping with job stress which is linked with the deep and authentic experiences of nurses in relation to job stress, the hidden and visible factors, strategies and methods of nurses’ coping, and also the factors and conditions affecting the coping process of nurses, provide backgrounds and necessary knowledge in order to adopt strategies that reduce or control occupational stress and stressors.

Sarcoidosis is one of the leading causes of inflammatory eye disease. Patients with ocular sarcoidosis can present with a wide range of clinical presentations and severity. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of unilateral infiltration of the extra-ocular muscles, sparing the uveal tissues and lacrimal glands. This case highlights the importance of screening for ocular involvement in sarcoidosis, and to consider sarcoidosis in the differential for peri-orbital swelling and diplopia.

Medulloblastoma is a primary central nervous tumour with malignant potential which begins in brain or spinal cord. It is the second most common brain tumour in Children accounting for 20% of cases. It can occur in any age, but most often occur in young children. It is found rare in adult group. It is primarily a cerebellar tumour and as cerebellum is mainly involved in muscle co-ordination, balance and movement hence this tumour symptoms include–headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tiredness, Double Vision, Poor Co-Ordination and unsteady Walk. Treatment Includes Surgery, Chemotherapy And Radiotherapy.

With the development of corpus linguistics, more and more corpus tools have come into being. As a relatively powerful annotation tool, UAM corpus tool is worth linguistic scholars’ attention and promoting. This paper aims to review the application of UAM in linguistic field, and tries to summarize the advantages by comparing it with other corpus tools, like AntConc and SPSS. It shows that UAM is more effective and practical with comprehensive functions. Inevitably, due to the combination of both annotation and corpus statistics, users may need extra time to get familiar with the operation procedure and to know what functions a corpus provides before doing research. In a word, UAM corpus tool is a suitable software for corpus annotation and exploration.

Background: This study was conducted at a rural Community of Lahore Pakistan in 2021, to assess the different factors that affect place of delivery and delivery practices. The different factors that affect delivery choices were financial problems, gender role issues and traditional practices, cultural and ethnic values, access to health centers due to distance. Study design and method: A descriptive cross sectional quantitative study design was used. Data was collected from married females through convenient non probability sampling technique and interviews. 70 married females participated in this study. Results: Fear of hospital due to no exposure in health centers , lack of maternal education and cultural values major influence their delivery choice, According to the results approximately 70% of the population had cost issues and 58% preferred to deliver at home because of psychological satisfaction and convenience. Conclusion: The findings of the Research emphasize the need of building maternal health centers to overcome the cost and distance issues. Educating females regarding maternal health. Maternal health centers may effectively reduce the risk of precipitate delivery and traditional delivery practices.

A cross sectional study will be done among a convenience sample of clients attending surgical, medical out-patient clinics of King Salman Armed Forces hospital (KSAFH) in Tabuk city. A pretested structured questionnaire will be utilized in data collection included demographic characteristics and HLS-Q12 Arabic version after its validation.

Robert Frost’s “Dust of Snow” is a marvelous poetic creature of simple and concise language, which conveys complex and profound philosophical insight. This article examines how the dramatic encounter between human and nature in this poem embodies Frost’s perspective on nature and human existence. By depicting the dramatic encounter, Frost reveals the therapeutic power of nature as well as its limitations, and expresses his existential concern on human predicament. The seemingly relaxing but perplexing reading experience generated by this poem, as a sort of dramatic encounter between the readers and the literary text, stimulates the readers to ponder on the vulnerability of both nature and human existence. Thus, Frost activates the dramatic power of poetry and fulfills his duty of enlightening wisdom.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy induced by gluten, characterized by a specific genetic genotype (HLA- DQ2 and HLA DQ8). The clinical manifestations are polymorphic with many atypical forms, this leads to difficulty in diagnosis. We report here the case of a patient with known carriers of portal hypertension on hepatic cirrhosis since her young age without any specified cause, admitted at the Gastroenterology Department for hemorrhagic decompensation of her portal hypertension. The immunological assessment and the histology of duodenal biopsies revealed a silent celiac disease.

The effect of bitter leaf (Venonia amygdalina) and water leaf (Talinum triangulare) extracts on blood vitamins and minerals composition of pullet birds were investigated. A total of 456 day-old Isa brown pullet chicks were allotted to four dietary treatments in six replicates in a completely randomized design experiment. Aqueous extracts of bitter leaf and water leaf were used as test dietary treatments for the birds. In treatment 1, a commercial multivitamin (vitalyte) was given in water (1g/L) to the birds to serve as the control. In treatments 2 and 3 aqueous extracts of bitter leaf and waterleaf were given at 100ml/L of water, while in treatment 4 mixed bitter leaf and water leaf aqueous extract (50% each in composition) was given. On the last day of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from the birds for vitamins and minerals analysis. The observed results showed that dietary treatments significantly affected the blood serum parameters. Vitamin A was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the vitalyte birds. The values ranged from 0.27iu in the bitter leaf birds to 0.37iu in the vitalyte. Vitamin C was more abundant (1.84iu) in the bitter leaf treated pullets and was significantly reduced (1.21iu) in the vitalyte. Vitamin D was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (0.35 iu) in the water leaf as well as vitamin E (10.14iu) while they were highly reduced considerably in the vitalyte administered birds, 0.16 and 4.83iu respectively. On mineral composition, while bitter leaf was the highest Ca (14.24mg/dl) source, K (5.46 mmol/L) and Mg (2.78mg/dl) were highly increased in the water leaf administered birds. Pullets on the control vitalyte had higher Na (132.75 mmol/L) and Fe (1.42g/dl). It can however be concluded that bitter leaf and water leaf as used in this study are potential sources of some vitamins and minerals in pullet chick nutrition.

Introduction: Women's cardiovascular risk is not adequately addressed, particularly during the menopausal transition when the risk of cardiovascular events rises. Women die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) more frequently than any other cause. The study's objective was to evaluate pre-menopausal women's heart disease risk in connection to oral contraceptive tablets. Method: A comparative observational study was conducted at the department of cardiology, Prime Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh during the period of January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 140 participants were included for the study. Among them 70 women with HD (Heart Disease) were Group I and 70 women without HD (Heart Disease) were Group II. Respectively women were assessed exclusively using a case sheet that include age, full medical history, past medical history (mainly hypertension), family history, smoking history & the use of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and duration of use. Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS 19.0 for windows Inc. Results: Mean age was 45.97 ±0.46 women with HD and 44.83 ±0.57 was women without HD. Women with HD age range 50-55 were 82.9 % (58) and 81.4% (57) were women without HD. Overweight & Obese were 66(94.3%) women with HD and 50(71.4%) were women without HD. Dyslipidemia were 69(98.6%) women with HD and 16(22.9%) were women without HD. Hypertension 65(92.8%)were women with HD and 16(22.9%) were women without HD. Use of OCP was higher among women with HD 61(87.1%) as compared with those without HD 29(41.4%). Duration of OCP was significantly longer in women with HD than women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Hypertension 40(61.33%) were women with HD and 6 (37.50%)were women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Smoking 10 (68.42%)were women with HD and 1 (25%)were women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Family history 34 (57.14%)were women with HD and 6 (33.33%)were women without HD. This study has confirmed the aforesaid findings in which the use of OCP increase the risk of HD in premenopausal women specifically in those who already have risk factors of HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Hypertension 51(61.5%) were women with HD and 6 (35.8%) were women without HD. Conclusion: The risk of heart disease was increased among women who used oral contraceptives. Cardiovascular events can be abridged by the management of risk factors. Mainly significant is the control of hypertension, lipids, and other factors contributing to the metabolic syndrome.

The high cost of conventional feed ingredients for livestock and competition between man and his animals, necessitate the need for alternative and under-utilized plant materials in poultry nutrition. However, in doing so, it is important to ensure that such plant materials are not deleterious to the animals. This research therefore examines the effect of bush buck (Gongronema latifolia) leaf extracts as dietary supplements on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Fresh leaves (6kg) of bush buck (Gongronema latifolia) were after rinsing with de-ionized water air-dried for ten (10) days under room temperature and were ground in a hammer mill to pass through 0.5mm sieve. It was thereafter dissolved in de-ionized warm water (40oC) at 1kg per 5 litres of water and was left to settle for 1 hour before decanting the supernatant. One hundred and ninety-two (192) broiler chicks, after brooding for two weeks were divided into six (6) dietary treatment groups of thirty two (32) birds each. Birds on dietary treatment 1, had no vitamin/mineral supplement in water, while dietary treatment 2 birds had supplemental commercial vitamin/mineral premix (vitalyte extra). Dietary treatments 3, 4, 5 and 6 had Gongronema latifolia leaf warm water extract in the following ratios; 25, 50, 75, and 100ml/litre of water respectively. The vitalyte extra was administered (5g/l) once a week while the birds had access to feed and water/GLLE ad libitum. On the last day of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the birds for haematological analysis. All the assayed parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L), monocyte (M), eosinophil (E), basophil (B), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. The analyzed serum biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, sodium and potassium were generally better in the 25ml/l GLLE. Glucose was significantly reduced in the vitalyte treatment while total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein were least in the 50ml/l GLLE treatment. In conclusion, the results above revealed that the Gongronema latifolia leaf warm (40oC) water extract of 50ml/l was safer and supported better health and wellbeing of the broiler chickens. This shows that Gongronema latifolia leaf warm (40oC) water extract could be used to wholly replace the conventional vitamins and minerals (vitalyte extra) in broiler diets without any adverse effect on growth and health performance of the birds.

This article, which shows the relationship between the metaphysical principles of natural science and phenomenology, shows precisely how Immanuel Kant, through these principles, contributed to the establishment of the phenomenology of perception. Thus, this article which first shows how Immanuel Kant was able to interpret and understand nature from its metaphysical principles, shows precisely and finally how the phenomenology of perception only became possible through the understanding of its principles. This is why the article then shows how these metaphysical principles of natural science are set up as the condition of possibility of the phenomenology of perception in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty.