The current work focuses on the hand lay-up method for creating epoxy composites reinforced with S-glass fiber (Sf), carbon fiber (Cf), and E-glass fiber (Ef). The mechanical, physical, and morphological characteristics of the produced composites in various combinations were studied and compared. Mechanical tests revealed that the placing of the S-glass fiber in a specific combination in the hybrid system of the material improves tensile (206 - 227 MPa), flexural strength (289 - 364 MPa), Izod impact strength (423.36 - 466.19 J/m), Charpy impact strength (49.77 - 61.76 KJ/m2), Shore D Hardness (74 – 91) and density (1.23 –1.47 g/cm3). The trends for mechanical characteristics were validated by examining at the fiber-matrix interface, fiber pull-out, matrix fractures, and fiber deboning in the microstructure and fractured surface morphology of the created hybrid materials. Overall, it can be inferred from the findings analysis that by reinforcing S-glass fiber in epoxy matrix with in various fiber orientations significantly enhanced the properties of the generated hybrid composite materials. Thus, S-glass fiber with excellent strength properties, like other synthetic fibers, might be considered a good reinforcing material. The hybrid system and may be used for diverse applications in the area of automobile parts manufacturing that requires high mechanical resistance.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has been exponentially adopted because it is a small tropical freshwater fish with crucial genetic, anatomical, and physiological homology with humans. Therefore, zebrafish constitute an excellent experimental model for behavioral, genetic, and toxicological studies that unravel the mechanisms of various human diseases. The zebrafish is a vertebrate, as it shares many organs with humans, including the blood, muscles, kidneys, and eyes. Genome organization and the pathways involved in controlling signal transduction appear to be highly conserved between zebrafish and humans, and therefore zebrafish may be used for modeling human diseases. The zebrafish genome has been sequenced, allowing scientists to study the functions of more than 14,000 genes by inducing mutations in those genes. Zebrafish have a special ability to repair their heart muscle, and scientists are attempting to determine the specific factors involved in this process to help people with heart problems. This review focuses on the use of zebrafish as a potential alternative model and its advantages over other animal models for conducting biomedical research on various human disease conditions.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a unique neoplasm that rarely spreads to other parts of the body. IMT has a wide anatomical distribution, with the mesentery, omentum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis being the most commonly affected. A careful search in the English literature resulted in finding seven cases of IMT arising from the gallbladder. Gallbladder IMT presents a clinical challenge and is preoperatively diagnosed as a malignant gallbladder tumor in most cases. Histopathological assessment is essential for correct diagnosis and management. The prognosis is favorable, with most cases showing no signs of recurrence or metastasis. Even in patients who have had surgical resection, long-term follow-up is required.

The most typical primary liver tumour, hepatocellular carcinoma, is becoming more prevalent. The two-gold standard curative treatment options are transplantation and surgical resection, but fewer than 20% of patients qualify as surgical candidates due to severe liver disease and/or co-morbidities. For the treatment of HCC that is inoperable, numerous interventional radiological techniques have been developed and thoroughly researched. The treatment of HCC currently heavily relies on interventional radiology. These methods have considerably aided in halting disease development in liver transplant candidates and extending survival in non-candidates. These medicines stand out for their low toxicity profiles, potent tumour response, and preservation of healthy hepatic parenchyma.

The purpose of this investigation was to carry out an exhaustive review of the relevant previous research in order to ascertain the underlying causes of the observed discoloration and determine which component, if any, was to blame. A number of phrases taken from previously conducted systematic reviews were used in the search conducted in PubMed. There were a total of 389 teeth treated across eleven different trials that were discovered. Although it was seen more often with the use of the triple antibiotic paste that included minocycline, discoloration was shown to be substantially associated with the utilisation of other components as well. It is strongly suggested that you reevaluate your decision to use minocycline as the intracanal drug in conjunction with the other two antibiotics in the paste. The use of calcium hydroxide or an antibiotic paste containing both metronidazole and ciprofloxacin could be necessary in order to achieve the desired level of discoloration control. The presence of mineral trioxide aggregate was also associated with the discoloration. On the other hand, there is little evidence to suggest that any other material could possibly function as an acceptable coronal barrier. Because discoloration is a result that has a direct impact on patients, further research is required to determine the underlying causes of discoloration.

Introduction: Maximum number of fractures often result from high-energy wounds like car accidents in young and mainly often from falls in elderly populations. Locking plates are fracture fixation expedients with threaded screw holes, in which screws allow to strand to the plate and work as a fixed-angle convenience. The study aims to investigate the outcome of locking compression plates in comminuted femoral diaphyseal fractures. Methods: An experimental clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2010 to June 2012. A total number of 9 patients (N=9) following purposive sampling were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16.0.0. Result: Among the study population (N=9), most of the patients (3,33.3%) were between 20-29 years old, and two patients (2, 22.2) were 60 to69 years old with a mean age of 42.7 years old. Around two-thirds of the study population (6,66.7%) were male. The majority of the study population (6,66.7%) caused the injury due to a motor vehicle accident, one patient (1,11.1%) got injured due to falling from a height, four patients (4,44.4%) right side was involved & left side was involved in rest of the patients (5,55.6%), upper tibial skeletal traction treatment was done in six patients (6,66.7%) previously & kabiraji treatment was done in three patients (3,33.3%) respectively. Based on the outcome after six months, the result was excellent, good in four patients (4,44.4%) and fair in one patient (1,11.1%). Conclusion: Femoral shaft fractures are a common orthopaedic injury causing severe trauma in the ageing population. Femoral shaft fractures are often related to other co-morbidities necessitating life support valuation. Among the numerous treatment measures, locking plate and intramedullary nailing are suitable with outstanding ........

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a disease typically seen in the elderly, with an established relationship with tobacco and/or alcohol abuse. However, the incidence of OSCC among young adults (defined in this study as ≤ 30 years old) is on the rise. Materials and Methods: With IRB approval, a retrospective search was performed at the University of Florida College of Dentistry Oral Pathology Biopsy Service database from 1994-to 2019 for all cases of OSCC affecting patients aged ≤ 30 years. Demographic data were recorded, and the slides were reviewed for diagnostic consensus. Results: Thirty-one of 3971 OSCC cases (0.76%) were identified. The data show a prominent increase over time. Male patients (54.83%) were more commonly affected. Their ages ranged from 8 to 30 years, with a mean age of 25 years. The lateral border of the tongue is the most frequent site of involvement. A wide spectrum of differential diagnoses were obtained, mostly consisting of reactive lesions. Symptoms were reported in 65.6% of the cases. The histological grades ranged from well to poorly differentiated. Conclusion: This study underscores the rarity of OSCC in children and young adults. This may potentially lead to a low clinical suspicion, misdiagnosis, and delay in treatment. Further longitudinal multicenter studies with detailed medical history, treatment, genotyping, and prognostic data may help to better understand the etiology of OSCC in young patients, aid in prevention, and improve outcomes.

The use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in pediatric dentistry has lately been gaining recognition and acceptance among dentists and parents. SDF has shown effectiveness in arresting dental caries in primary teeth in children. This review article states a brief history of the use of SDF in dentistry, advantages, disadvantages, indications, contra indications and clinical application of SDF.

Introduction: The lipid profile of a Bangladesh population, which has a lower prevalence of coronary heart disease, compared with others nations, is studied to determine whether lipid-modifying disease prevention programs are necessary. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was find out the Lipid Profile and Its Association with Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study; a total of 172 patients were enrolled and analyzed. The study conducted during January 2020 to December 2020 at the Department of Cardiology in Department of Cardiology, Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. Result: The study population is shown in more than 30% of patients had hypercholesterolemia, 41(23.84%) patients were at the high borderline (5.17-6.19), and 38(22.09%) patients had high-density lipoprotein. Under low-density lipoprotein, 7(4.07%) patients had high LDL-C, and only 2(1.16%) patients had very high LDL-C. The age distribution of the study; 33.72% of patients were from the age group 40-49 years, and 17.44% of patients were aged more than sixty years. Conclusion: WHR is associated with an increase in TG, TC, and LDL-C and supports the view that abdominal obesity may be an important cardiovascular risk factor. This study emphasizes the role of HDL-C, which may avert the CHD risk in females. Further studies with longitudinal data are needed to assess the risk factors for CHD in high-altitude populations.

Derecho windstorms are extreme weather events capable of causing catastrophic damage to agricultural systems across the U.S. Midwest. Using methodologies relevant to Indigo Agriculture's precision farming approach, this case study applies advanced remote sensing techniques to examine the significant impacts of the August 2020 Derecho windstorm on agricultural fields in Boone County, Iowa, using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The research quantifies damage extent across crop types with particular focus on corn and soybean fields, analyzes damage severity patterns, and investigates spatial variability of impacts. SAR imagery acquired 5 days post-windstorm revealed detectable changes in backscatter values attributable to structural damage in crops, allowing for comprehensive damage assessment across the study area. Results demonstrate variable damage patterns both within and between crop types, with corn exhibiting greater susceptibility to wind damage than soybeans due to structural differences. The analysis identified 1-10% backscatter variations in control points, while damaged areas displayed more significant deviations. While multiple factors potentially influence backscatter values, including soil moisture conditions, vegetation maturity, crop growth stage, and environmental changes, the temporal proximity of image acquisition to the windstorm event supports the attribution of observed changes to wind damage. This research demonstrates approaches applicable to Indigo Agriculture's precision agriculture services and contributes valuable insights for agricultural risk assessment and disaster management while showing the efficacy of SAR data for rapid post-windstorm crop damage evaluation. The methodology presented can inform future applications of remote sensing in monitoring agricultural disaster impacts, supporting more targeted response and recovery efforts in affected farming communities, and enhancing agricultural technology companies' damage assessment capabilities.

Background: Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major gastric infection worldwide and has been associated with many hematologic disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of H. pylori infection on Sudanese people. Method: Blood samples are collected from 60 persons; 30 patient (as sample) and 30 patients (as control sample). Vitamin B12 and complete blood count (CBC) tests are performed. Results: The results revealed that Vitamin B 12 level mean was significantly lower among H. pylori patients than the controls (p-value 0.013). The results also revealed that there are no significant differences between gander in vitamin B12 level among patients. The correlation between vitamin B12 and age was found to be negative (R=0.444 & P=0.014). Conclusion & Recommendations: Vitamin B12 level, HB and RBC are lower in H. pylori infected Sudanese individuals compared to the normal people. Thus, we highly recommend for further research and case-control studies in discovering the causal factors related to reduction of vitamin B12 among H. pylori infected Sudanese individuals.

Background: Antimicrobial Resistance is a major concern because a resistant infection may kill, and can spread to others, and imposes huge costs to individuals and society. The prevalence of MCR-1 resistance gene in Sudan possesses potential threat for treatment of patient especially when hospitalized. This study was implemented to determine the prevalence of MCR-1 Resistance gene in Khartoum state Hospitals in K. pneumoniae, isolates from clinical specimens using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Methods: In this study, one hundred Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical specimens the study was (31%) were males, while (69 %) were females. There were aged from (17 to 40) years with (Mean = 27.4 and SD = 6.598). The isolated organisms were stored in 20% Glycerol Peptone Media. Samples were cultured and Re-identified using conventional methods. And tested to antimicrobial susceptibility test using Kirby baur disk diffusion Method. Results: 11% were Resistance for AST to colistin. then presence of MCR-1 gene was investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Out of 100 of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates, 4(4%) show positive MCR-1 Three of them from these 11% Resistance and only one from other 89 sensitive the data computerized and analyzed through SPSS 23. All statistical tests have done using chi-Square and the association of Colistin Resistance with MCR-1 gene were significant p-value (<0.05). The Colistin Resistance is an alarm from staff holders because it is considered as main treatment for ICU infections.

Today, foreign direct investments (FDI) have become indispensable tools for countries for reasons such as technology transfer, employment creation, promotion of international trade, economic development and support for development, as well as the capital they provide to the economy. Countries that want to benefit from the blessings of foreign capital aim to attract FDI to their countries by using different instruments. One of the tools frequently used for this purpose is tax policies. In this study, we have examined the relationship between foreign direct investments and taxation at the theoretical and empirical level. FDI flows in the recent years and corporate tax rates of OECD countries, which hold a significant portion of global capital, have been compared. It has been observed that OECD countries have made significant taxation regulations to attract foreign investment.

Postoperative pain management of cesarean patients has become a major medical and nursing challenge in all over the world. Due to the various constraints postoperative pain management of cesarean patient in Bangladesh got greater attention from the scientific community and policy makers. An observational study was conducted to assess the strategy, effectiveness, and safety of postoperative pain management in patients undergoing cesarean section in the obstetric unit in a district hospital, Hobigonj, Bangladesh during the period from February 2022 to August 2022. We recorded patient’s demographics, postoperative pain orders, and analgesia regime on the day of surgery. Anesthesia team, which included one of the investigators, assessed the overall pain since the time of surgery by visual analogue scale (VAS) and also recorded any complications since the time of surgery and patients’ satisfaction with the pain management. A total of 150 patients were reviewed during the study period. The common modality of pain management was intravenous opioid infusion (94%) and co-analgesia was used in 99% of patients. The analysis of pain at rest by VAS was between 1 and 3 in 89.7%, 4 and 6 in 9.5%, and 7 and 10 in 0.8% of patients. The VAS on movement was 1–3 in 60.1%, 4–6 in 33.1%, and 7–10 in 6.8% of patients. Patients’ opinion regarding postoperative pain management was satisfactory in 76.60% of patients and unsatisfactory in 23.40% of patients. In the conclusion, we can say, the regime for postoperative pain management was mostly started and followed by both the teams at the hospital and was not adequately satisfied.

This paper provides an overview of the development of Lu Shuyuan’s spiritual ecology theory and explains the key concepts of the theory.