Optical constants such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and the real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components of the dielectric constant for CuSO4.5H2O (10-100%) concentrations were determined from the visible light Optical transmission data. Results of visible light transmission analysis in the solutions have shown that in dilute solutions the dielectric constant real and imaginary parts are linear. The addition of dissolved cu+2 and so4-2 ions above (80%) concentrations results in a drop in dielectric constant.

Education has been started to be stored in the computer away from our minds. : It is aimed through the paper to specify the need of University in correct context through the case study of Madan Bhandari Memorial Academy Nepal. It is conducted using content analysis through consultation. It has worked on 7 projects out of 8 projects within the year 2021-2022. Most of the projects were under Dr. A.K. Mishra who was key scientist. Excessive pressure to attain regular class. Regular absenteeism of teachers was common issue. The management found guilty for hiding weakness of MBMAN by asking to do self-library study, unit test and group study in absence of teacher. This university will be solution for developing sustainable economy focusing self-employment, employee in the nation overcoming high foreign deployment and it will also promote local technology and skills covering school drop outs at various levels. Research based performance evaluation indicator should be introduced in Teachers performance evaluation as proposed. Regularity of faculty should be assured.

By the provision of Section 36(1)(5) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended), every accused is entitled to the right to fair hearing and to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty in accordance with procedure permitted by law. In a complementary manner to the Constitution, the administration of criminal justice Act, 2015 of the Country, provides for host of procedures which shall be complied with by the police in criminal investigation. One such provision is Section 6, 15(3) and 17(2) of the Act which provides suspect with the right to silence until after consultation with a legal practitioner of his choice, members of the Legal Aid Council, and members of a Civil Society or other persons of his choice. The Act requires further that statement when volunteered, shall be video or audio recorded and shall be recorded in the presence of a counsel for the suspect or other persons of his choice without providing consequences for non-compliance. Instead, the evidence Act of the Country, 2011 provides for the admissibility of evidence improperly obtained where the same is relevant. In this paper, the writer using the doctrinal research method explores the question whether the legal regime on the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence under the Act, is inconsistent with the international standard on the right to fair hearing enshrined in the Constitution. In the final analysis, the writer makes recommendations for reform.

Background: Episiotomy is the most common surgical incision in midwifery. It's important to study the frequency of episiotomy and its associated factors in women with spontaneous vaginal delivery SVD. Therefore, this study conducted to determine the prevalence of episiotomy and the affecting factors of performing episiotomy among delivering women in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study is a descriptive “prospective” cross sectional design. Done among all women who are delivered with spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) in KSAFWRH labour and delivery ward. Results: Overall responders are 215 of total 300 research tools were analysed using SPSS 22 software. 132 the indication was prime parity, 66 were because of rigid perineum, while 63 were due to baby distress .The prime who had episiotomy due to prime parity were 132(91.06%), while the multi paras had episiotomy due to rigid perineum with 39(59.09%). There is a significant relation in the fetal distress and history of C/S and child birth attendance with most of the variables. Conclusion: The primary objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of episiotomy and the affecting factors of performing episiotomy among delivering women. 300 research tool was distributed to midwifes to fill for each active vaginal delivery case, excluded 93 paper due to incomplete data. Within 207 complete research tools findings are showing 132 the indication was prime parity, 66 were because of rigid perineum, while 63 were due to baby distress .The prime who had episiotomy due to prime parity were 132(91.06%), while the multi paras had episiotomy due to rigid perineum with 39(59.09%). Chi- Square test was applied to calculate the p-value, there is a significant relation in the fetal distress and history of C/S and child birth attendance with most of the variables.

Purpose of current study is to investigate the different trends of breastfeeding in Pakistani culture. Pakistani culture has been divided into three types, rural culture, semi-rural and urban culture. Natures and habits of breastfeeding are changing in these cultures. Author has used quantitative data in this study. Questionnaire has been developed from previous approved studies and conducted a survey in Pakistani culture. Sample size is 90 mothers who are breastfeeding or well aware about the breastfeeding in Pakistan. This is a quantitative study that has found that mothers are trying to breast feed in urban, rural and semi-rural areas. Mothers are facing many issues regarding breastfeeding. These issues are linked with the social problems and most of the mothers have less knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. It has found that general public is not feeling good to breastfeed at working place or public places. Current study has recommended some suggestion to the health organizations and Government to increase the breastfeeding trends in Pakistan. Current study will help the government and other health organizations to launch a campaign relevant to the breastfeeding that will increase this trend in Pakistan.

Background: Genital prolapse is a very common gynaecological disorder in Bangladesh but women do not admit this problem due to shame, ignorance, social taboo and insolvency. The rural scenario is much more disastrous. Objective: To determine the risk factors & outcome of operative procedures of genital prolapse. Material & Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The research work had been carried out from July, 2019 to December, 2019 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College Hospital, Gazipur. Hospital women patients had been caring with genital prolapse were considered in this study and asked for proper history. Data was collected by using pre-design questionnaire. All the patients included in the study were evaluated by detailed history, through physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations. The maximum extend of the prolapse was clinically measured during a valsalva maneuver or coughing and was confirmed by the patient as being the most severe protrusion. Written informed consent to participate in this study was taken. Result: The mean age was found 59±5.4 years with range from 50 to 70 years. Educational status of the patients, 85(85%) patients were illiterate & marital status more than half 52 (52%) Patients were living with husband and 47 (47%) patients were widow. Regarding occupational status, Three forth 72 (72%) Patients were housewives, 18(18%) were day laborer and 10 (10%) were worker. 23% patients were underweight, 67% patients had average body weight and 10 % were obese. Primi para were found 2(2%) multipara were 53 (53%) and grand multi para were 45 (45%). Number of living child of the patients. 1-2 child were found 10(10%) patients, 3-4 child were 48 (48%) and ≥5 child were 42 (42%) patients. History of abdominal surgery was found in 6(6%) patients, vaginal delivery was found in 100 (100%) Patients, home delivery was in 90 (90%), majority 44(44%) patients had prolong labour during delivery and 2% had instrumental delivery. 60% patients did heavy work during puerperium, 32% did moderate work and only 8% did light work. 31% patients were engaged in heavy physical activities, 20% suffered from chronic cough and 15 % suffered from chronic constipation. 85% patients were delivered by untrained birth attendant. 100(100%) patients had felling of something coming down, 20(20%) had retention of urine, 92(92%) had frequency of micturition, 51(51%) had backache, 53(53%) had difficulty in emptying bladder, 41(41%) had burning during micturition, 45(45%) had constipation, 38(38%) had stress incontinence, 25(25%) had dragging pain in lower abdomen, 22 (22.0%) had white discharge and 5 (5%) had irreducible prolapse. 80(80%) patients had 2nd degree of uterine prolapses, 15(15%) patients had 1st degree & only 5(5%) patients had 3rd degree of uterine prolapses. 90 (90%) patients had moderate cystocele, 69(69%) patients had moderate rectocele, 27(27%) patients had urethrocele, 36(36%) had decubitus ulcer, 40(40%) had stress incontinence and 17 (17%) had elongation of cervix. management of the study population by vaginal hysterectomy with anterior colporrhaphy and posterior colpoperineorrhaphy 70(70%), anterior colporrhaphy 15(15%), posterior colpoperineorrhaphy 5(5%), pelvic floor repair 10(10%).20(20%) had pyrexia, 5(5%) had hemorrhage, 15(15%) had urinary infection, 4 (4%) had local sepsis and 3(3%) had urinary retention. complete relief was found 93(93%) and 7 (7%) had partial relief. Conclusion: Genital Prolapse has a very high prevelance in multiparous women. There is a significant association between genital prolapse, history of collagen disease and childbirth-related pelvic floor trauma. Pyrexia and urinary infection were more common complication after surgical procedures of genital prolapse. Complete relief was found 93.0% of the patients.

The purpose of study was to find out the effect of concurrent neuromuscular training and football game practice on agility. To achieve the purpose of the study, forty five school boys who actively participate the physical activity from Alagappa Physical Fitness Academy, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, were selected as subject at random. Their age group range between 11 to 12 years. The study was formulated as pre and post-test random group design, in which forty five subjects were divided into three equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=15, NMTbFGP) underwent neuromuscular training before football game practice, the experimental group-2 (n=15, NMTaFGP) underwent neuromuscular training after football game practice and group 3 served as a control group (n=15, CG). The agility was selected as criterion variable. It was measured by 4x10 meters shuttle run test. The selected two treatment groups were performed five days in a week for the period of six weeks, as per the stipulated training program. The nature of agility was tested before and after the training period. The collected pre and post data was critically analyzed with apt statistical tool of one way analysis of co-variance, for observed the significant adjusted post-test mean difference of three groups. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out pair-wise comparisons between groups. To test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significant was fixed. The study proved that both treatment groups have statistically produced significant effect of agility.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in women in developing countries and the second most common form of cancer in the world as a whole. An estimated 468,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 233,000 deaths occurred in the year 2000. Cervical cancer constitutes about 26 % of female cancer in different areas of Bangladesh. Objective: To find out the role of VIA for the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions of the cervix with co-relation of Colposcopic findings and ultimate. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from January, 2010 to June 2010 on 100 women attending at the "Colposcopy Clinic" of Gynae Oncology Division of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of BSMMU, Dhaka. Only VIA positive cases were taken into consideration for the study. Results: The mean age of the participants were 33.39 years (range 18-60) with 41.0 % in the age group between 36-45 years. Among all the subjects, the majority (75%) was housewives and 70.0% the patients hailed from urban area. The yearly incomes of 46% families were between 50,000 to 60,000 Tk. The mean parity of the respondents was 1.75 and 4. More than 4 children were found in 14% cases. Up to 35.0% had 2 children only. About 46.0 % had experienced menarche at the age 13 years and the range was 12-14 years. In regard to risk factors, 64% used hormonal methods. Among the participants 80% experienced first coitus of age between 13-20 years. Excessive vaginal discharge and backache were the principal complaints. Colposcopy evaluated 65 cases as CIN (CIN I 34 %, CIN 11-17%, CIN-III 14%) and 3.0% as invasive lesions. Biopsy evaluated 45% as CIN (CIN I-20% CIN-15%, CIN-III 10%) and 1% as invasive lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy were 82.14 % and 50.00% respectively. This suggests the role of colposcopy in the evaluation of CIN and cervical cancer. Conclusion: The study concludes that the VIA and colposcopy are the important methods of diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of cervical pre-malignancy. VIA may be used as a tool for screening in underdeveloped countries and may be associated with a referral procedure for further methods like colposcopy and biopsy. Colposcopy is an indispensable procedure in the evaluation of unhealthy cervix through it requires considerable training and experience.

Back pain and sciatica are common afflictions for adults. Working hours are reduced significantly, as well as financial losses for people and the government as a consequence of these changes. These individuals require a comprehensive assessment before treatment can begin. Medical or surgical therapy that falls short of a patient's needs may wreak havoc and exacerbate their condition. The aim of this case report see the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of PLID. This observational study was done in Suo-Xi Hospital, Shantinagar, Dhaka. A 30 years old male patient’s patient visited in the clinic complaining of low back discomfort that has been spreading down her left leg for the past two months. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI of lumbo sacral spine. The results of the follow-up study were excellent. The Low back pain for 14 months which radiate towards left leg showed signs of healing after the 12th day of acupuncture. The patient's lower back pain, which had been spreading down his left leg, was no longer present. Conclusion: Acupuncture can confirmatively promote the functional recovery for patients with PLID.

The present study aimed to assess male and female Taekwondo (TKD) players based on four domains of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) -BREF and to find the dominant domain in TKD players' life. Forty-six (46) male and fifty-five (55) female participants were included in the study through purposive random sampling. The information on four quality of life domains, i.e., physical health, psychological, social relationship, and environment, were gathered through the WHOQOL-BREF Bengali version (WHO, 2020) questionnaire. The researchers analysied the data through descriptive analysis, ANOVA, LSD, and students' t-tests at 0.05 level of significance. The analysis revealed that irrespective of Gender, the social relation domain plays a dominant role in TKD players' life, and the male TKD players are better than their female counterparts in the physical health domain only. Based on the result, we concluded that regular practice and participation in the TKD program help the participant to develop all four aspects of WHOQOL-BREF. Among the four domains, the participants scored significantly better in the social relation domain in both gender groups. The interpersonal relations and interaction among the players during a practice session and competition may be the possible reason behind such kind of result. In the inter-group comparison, the male participants responded significantly better in the physical health domain than the female participants, possibly because of some physical and physiological gender differences.

A syndrome described as "hurried child syndrome"—a combination of stress-related behaviors—may develop when a child's parents expect performance levels much above his or her mental, social, or emotional capacity. In essence, parents overbook their children's calendars, put pressure on them to succeed academically, and expect them to act and react like young adults. The current situation of trade is another factor. Many people that market to children today are aware that their parents no longer have complete control over what their children eat, wear, or engage in for entertainment. The consumerist economy is taking advantage of this reality, and it affects children. The following statistics serve as an example of the "hurried child syndrome": The suicide and homicide rates have increased by three times over the previous 20 years, childhood obesity has increased by half, and 15 to 25 percent of young children are "failing" kindergarten, according to recent research on the effects of rushed kid syndrome. In an effort to "manage" them better at home and at school, millions of children take drugs. According to recent data, 70% of virgin girls will not remain virgins by the time they reach maturity, and 40% of adolescent girls who engage in sexual activity will become pregnant by then. Addiction to drugs and alcohol is the main cause of death for young people today, but suicide rates are also rising. Every year, 5,000 teenagers take their own lives.

An accused person, otherwise referred to in French as “le prevenu”, is a person who must appear before the trial court to answer to the charge brought against him whether in respect of a simple offence, a misdemeanor or a felony [1]. The Cameroon Criminal Procedure Code upholds the trial rights of accused persons. The code like the 1996 Constitution of Cameroon provides a platform for the implementation of criminal norms in the country. It also helps protect accused persons from arbitrary and unjust laws and sanctions. The present Criminal Code harmonized the two procedural codes that existed in Francophone and Anglophone Cameroon which were the Code d’Instruction Criminelle, and the Criminal Procedure Ordinance respectively. These trial rights of accused persons are upheld through a legal process by the trial courts of Law in Cameroon. This therefore means that the rights of accused persons are therefore suppose to be treated in a particular way during a criminal trial. These rights embody the right to be given something as well as the right to be allowed to do something in a specific manner. Adopting purely qualitative research method involving purely content analysis of cases and relevant statutes, this paper conclude that the government has made efforts in respecting the rights of accused persons standing trial before a competent court of law but its efforts are inadequate. Notwithstanding, finding a compromise between the respects of the rights of accused persons standing trial before a competent court of law with societal interest has never been a trouble-free assignment. To this end, the paper seeks to examine the protection of the rights of accused persons as are confectioned in the criminal procedure code and its extent of implementation as we sought to respond to the main question, to what extent does the Cameroon government guarantee the respect of the rights of accused persons standing trial before a competent court of law?

Background: Patients need enough food to recover from any disease. Patients with serious illnesses have high nutritional requirements and can become malnourished very quickly. Research findings suggest that early nutrition is important for patient outcomes. The nutritional needs of all patients are reviewed daily and nutrition is initiated as soon as possible, usually on the first day of admission. In critical care areas, enteral feeding is used to overcome malnutrition conditions and to keep patient in the safety side. Therefore, enteral nutrition is considered an easier method and cheaper when compared to parenteral nutrition which has more complications and costlier, additionally, having enough knowledge about enteral nutrition by the nurses is considered very crucial to administer the enteral feeding to patients in the proper way at the critical care units. Method: Non-experimental, cross-sectional research design which will identify nurses’ knowledge regarding enteral feeding among cardiac nurses at CCH. The study will describe knowledge by using a quantitative method. The research will be conducted in Cardiac Center Hail, Ha’il Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and will focus on all cardiac nursing care units. Results: The data obtained from this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25.0 program. A descriptive statistical analysis using means, frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations was used to describe the demographic variables and answer question 1. Kruskal-Wallis was used to determine if there are significant differences among the means of the groups (more two groups) and Mann-Whitney (independent-samples) for questions 2, because the data doesn’t follow normality distribution, where of the Table 2, we find that the significance level of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was less than 0.05. This leads us to reject the null hypothesis that the data follow the normal distribution, so we used nonparametric tests. Conclusion: The nurses’ knowledge regarding enteral nutrition at the cardiac nursing units were enough under safe practices. The in-short activities of Continuing Nursing Education had a positive effect in improving the nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding enteral nutrition in the in-patients’ departments at Cardiac Center Hail.

The research conducted in this article was used to prove that work stress has a measurable impact on wellness and productivity of professionals. Research was conducted by placing typical work patterns of subjects in perspective, identifying sources of data for various aspects of the subject’s interactions with work during the day, classifying and organizing collected data based on criteria related to time, groups, etc. and then used to draw conclusions via corelation of work stress periods with periods of productivity. The research concluded that work stress does in fact have a measurable impact, not just on individual subjects, but also has long term consequences for organizations/groups.

This study carried out to determine the impact of school physical facilities on students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Aba Education Zone of Abia State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted by the study with the population of 47 respondents (29 male 18 female teachers) sampled purposively from the 11 secondary schools in Aba educational zone of Abia State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured 27-items statement questionnaire developed by the researchers after an extensive literature reviewed sectioned A & B with rating scales of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) assigned the numerical values of 4, 3, 2 & 1 respectively. The instrument was validated by research experts while the reliability index of 0.87 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha reliability estimate. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the two research questions while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics at .05 level of significance and appropriate degree of freedom. The result of the analyses revealed that library as a school physical facility has great impact on the students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Aba Education Zone. It was afterwards recommended that adequate school physical facilities should be provided by appropriate authorities to ensure effective teaching and learning activities. It is believed that if the facilities are available and adequate, there would be effective performance among students in senior secondary schools in Aba Education Zone of Abia State.