Ruellia brittoniana is a common wild ethnomedicinal plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family. The plant was claimed ethnically wound-healing properties, use as an antidote against snake bites and to cure bone fractures. However, these claims are not been validated. The present study deals with powder microscopy, fluorescence, and qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaves, stem, and root of this plant. The powdered microscopy showed the presence of both types of trichomes and spiral elements. The Fluorescence analysis under visible and ultra-violet light for leaves, stems and root powder treated with various chemical reagents revealed different patterns of fluorescence effect. The qualitative phytochemical study showed that the plant is rich in phytochemicals and possesses significant levels of Glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. The availability of these groups of Phyto- components indicates that the plant could prove an alternative remedy to cure asthma, fever, bronchitis, high blood pressure, eczema, and diabetes. Further, the GC-MS analysis revealed the 10 phytochemical compounds have significant medicinal potential. The major objective of this study is to endorse this plant as a step toward commercial drug developments after confirming and standardizing its microscopic features and fluorescence behavior to identify adulteration in market-available crude drug powder and screening for possible drug molecules.

Agriculture is facing many challenges as a result of climate change, particularly in less developed areas such as Cooch Behar District (West Bengal). This study assesses the current institutional and policy environment for mitigating climate-related agricultural risk. Specifically, the study looks at the impact of flooding, waterlogging, erratic rainfall and soils on agriculture and rural livelihoods. Agricultural risk mitigation strategies have been established at both the national and state levels (e.g. through national/state agricultural policies, irrigation schemes, crop insurance and climate resilient agricultural programmes). However, due to poor coordination, limited awareness, inadequate extension support and lack of access to finance or technology, many of these initiatives have been ineffective. Local institutions are critical in facilitating linkages between farmers and government assistance, and include Panchayati Raj Institutions, cooperatives and self-help/self-directed groups. This study recommends that institutions be strengthened, that greater emphasis be placed on coordination and cooperation, and that climate-smart agricultural practices be promoted to support sustainable development. Ultimately, an inclusive policy environment is needed in order to build resilience in agriculture and support rural livelihoods.

The main purpose of the study was to ascertain if academic excellence is a yardstick for employability in the Nigerian labour market. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. The population consisted of 173 Business Education graduates from public tertiary institution offering Business Education programme in Enugu State in the 2019/2020 academic session. No sampling was carried out since the population was manageable. The instrument used for data collection was a 17-itemed questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by three experts and the reliability of the instrument was determined using Crombach Alpha which yielded reliability index of 0.88. The instrument was administered by the researcher. 160 out of 173 copies of the questionnaire were well responded to, returned and therefore, used for data analysis representing 93 percent return rate. Mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis and correlation statistics was used to test the null hypotheses. Findings showed that: High and low achievers get jobs at same rate, Doing well on the job does not depend on grade, High achievers are more creative on jobs, Employers seek skills more than grade, Good grade does not guarantee employability, Job creation is targeted at both high and low achievers are some of the factors to prove that academic excellence is not a yardstick for employability in Nigeria. The null hypotheses showed that no significant relationship exist in the mean responses of high and low achieving Business Education graduates in public tertiary institutions in Enugu State on the itemized variables. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Attention should be shifted from academic excellence as yardstick for employability in Nigeria so that students are not pressured into dubious means just to graduate with high grades since findings of the study has shown that the both variables has no direct relationship. Employment opportunities should be massively created for all enough for both high and low academic performers since the findings of the study revealed that those with low academic performance can also have valuable skills capable of keeping them on the job for as long as they intend to.

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of post placental COPPER T380 A insertion in women during caesarean section. Methods: A descriptive quasi-experimental study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of post-placental COPPER T380 A insertion in women during caesarean section. They were interviewed with a specific pre-designed questionnaire Results: The patients were asked to visit 1, 6 and 12 months after the insertion of COPPER T380 A to record the complaints during the follow-up period. It was found that only 2(1.33%) complaints of expulsion after 1 month of insertion and 1 (0.66%) after 6 months, and there was no complaint of expulsion at 12 months of follow-up. In case of PID, there were 3(2%) at 1 month, 1(0.66%) at 6 months and 1(0.66%) at 12 months follow up. The most frequent complaint was pain lower abdomen which accounted for 13 (8.67%), 12 (8.00%) and 8 (12.67%) at 1. 6 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. The next common complaint was the vaginal discharge of 9 (6.00%) at 1 month, 8 (4.67%) at 6 months and 10 (6.67%) at 12 months of follow-up. No failure of COPPER T380 A insertion during cesarean section within 12 months of follow-up (No pregnancy within 12 months). Conclusion: Clients and providers can benefit from COPPER T380 A's high motivation, low risk of infection, and fast insertion speed when used after childbirth. The use of an intrauterine device as a form of birth control immediately after delivery has been shown to be effective and safe. Furthermore, considering the large number of puerperal who do not return for contraception, the use of a safe contraceptive method, provided quickly after delivery and before discharge from the hospital, is a far-reaching reproductive health strategy.

Background: In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), risk prediction is mostly based on maternal history and clinical risk factors and may not optimally identify high risk pregnancies. Therefore, universal screening is widely recommended. Homocysteine levels during pregnancy in women with GDM have been studied; however, it remains unclear whether hyperhomocysteinemia is a useful predictor of GDM. Objective: To determine the association of serum homocysteine level in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: Case control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Dhaka. Pregnant women in their 24 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation attended for antenatal care diagnosed as GDM was selected as cases. Non- diabetic pregnant women matching with cases by age and gestational age were selected as control in this study. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The serum homocysteine level of these patients was measured. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0. P-value less than 0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the cases fasting blood sugar (6.13 ± 0.66) and controls (4.60 ± 0.57). Similarly, 2 hours after 75 gm. glucose blood sugar among cases (8.46 ± 0.88) and controls (6.32 ± 0.96). Both results were statistically significant p=0.001. Majority of patients were at third trimester of pregnancy (67.0%). 37.5% were primigravida and 2.5% were multigravida. Mean gestational age of cases (30.25 ± 2.74) and controls (30.02 ± 3.03). Among the cases 62.1% had history of GDM where 37.9% don’t have history of GDM. Among control group only 7.7% had history of GDM. This result statistically significant p=0.001. 6.9% cases had history of macrocosmic child which was not statistically significant p=0.49. There was no history of still birth or other congenital defect. Mean serum homocysteine level among cases (6.50 ± 1.72) and controls (5.20 ± 1.87) which was statistically significant p=0.001. Positive correlation observed between maternal serum homocysteine level and maternal blood sugar (r=0.209, p=0.005) in this study. Respondents with high homocysteine level have 3.94 times more chance to develop GDM (OR=3.94; 95% CI = 1.59-9.77). Conclusion: Finding from the present study suggests that maternal elevated serum homocysteine level in pregnancy is significantly associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that manifests clinically with a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild chest pain to myocardial infarction. It can also be linked to viral or bacterial illnesses like pneumonia. Case summary: A 19-year-old male with no notable medical history reported to the Emergency Department with substernal chest pain radiating to the left arm, accompanied by nausea and profuse perspiration. His vital signs were stable and his physical examination was normal, with the exception of left lower chest crackles. The electrocardiogram revealed ST segment increase in inferior and lateral leads, along with ST depression in leads V1 through V3. A portable chest x-ray revealed a patchy opacity in the lower lobe of the left lung. Invasive coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. Further evaluation with echocardiography and cardiac MRI revealed characteristics of acute myocarditis, including a minimally dilated LV and subtle hypokinesia in the midventricular inferior and lateral segments, as well as mild global hypokinesia in the LV and RV. Perimyocarditis was detected in the patient, and antiplatelet medication were terminated. Due to a low ejection fraction, Bisoprolol, Ramipril, and spironolactone were administered, and he was hospitalised until his intravenous treatments for pneumonia were completed. Further laboratory tests revealed a decrease in troponin T, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein. He was discharged with medications including spironolactone, metoprolol, Ramipril, and colchicine. Unfortunately, he failed to comply with the directive. On the eighth day of hospitalisation, a discharge ECG revealed sinus rhythm with no ST-T alterations. Conclusion: When evaluating an acute cardiac event, healthcare practitioners should examine the possibility of uncommon bacterial myocarditis and keep in mind that Streptococcus pneumoniae infection might imitate acute MI in otherwise healthy young males. The timely diagnosis and administration of appropriate antibiotics are critical in the treatment of such conditions.

There is a paucity of empirical research on emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) communication in Nigeria, and the impact on national development. This study sought answers to: what are the perceptions of emerging STI among Nigerian citizens and academics, and to what extent do emerging STIs contribute to national development? Based on the science-technology-society theory, the study conducted a survey of 2400 Nigerians in 12 states and an interview of select STI experts in 12 Nigerian universities. The study focused on synthetic biology, nanoscience and technology, robotics and artificial intelligence, drones, etc. The findings showed that a greater majority of the respondents perceived agricultural drones as the most necessary emerging STI in Nigeria while neuroparasitology was seen as the least necessary to the country’s development. Respondents also agreed that emerging STI had the more impact on ICTs and the least on security, economy and the environment. Also, large segment of respondents perceived that the new/ mass media were the predominant sources of emerging STI information. Also, STI experts perceived emerging STIs to be in their infancy in Nigeria, communication of STIs was concentrated within the scientific community, and collaboration was lacking between the STI community and other stakeholders.

Communication skills are among those of great significance for everyone in general and for students in particular. They are difficult to master, because when it comes to communication, there are countless circumstances that require skillful conduct. In fact, students in general and those from Hung Vuong University in particular have poor communication skills; the communication skills performance among the freshmen are still at low level (average level); many employers are saying that students lack them or have low level, etc. Hence, it is essential to study the current situation of training students on communication skills so that solutions for developing communication skills among students can be brought to light.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common form of heart disease. It is the result of atheromatous changes in the vessels supplying the heart. CAD is used to describe a range of clinical disorders from asymptomatic atherosclerosis and stable angina to acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI). Objective: To assess the clinical status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July, 2017 to Dec, 2017. Total 110 confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were included as the study subjects for this study. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. All data were collected, processed and analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 programs as per need. Results: In this study, among total 110 participants, 67.3% were male and the rest 32.7% were female. The mean (±SD) age and BMI of the participants were 47.28±11.87 years and 23.68± 2.44 Kg/m2 respective. The waist and hip circumferences of the participants were found 89.81±10.32 cm and 106.82±18.56 cm respectively. The mean (±SD) total cholesterol (mg/dl), S creatinine (mg/dl) and ESR (mm in 1st hour) of the participants were found as 177.69±31.55, 1.6±0.04 and 26.55±5.17 respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of coronary artery disease among male population is found as alarming. The abnormalities in waist or hip circumferences, total cholesterol (mg/dl), S creatinine (mg/dl) and ESR (mm in 1st hour) of patients may be considered as some potential indicator for coronary artery diseases.

There are many fast moving consumer brands available in the market, and this research analyses consumer’s preference, satisfaction and loyalty of these brands of daily consumer products. This study aims to identify the brand usage of selected FMCG products, satisfaction, brand loyalty of consumers. The study also analyses the impact of satisfaction on repeat purchase of selected FMCG brand products. A sample of 277 Omani consumers are selected for the study from Nizwa. The findings of the study revealed that 34% of the consumers use the Rainbow brand of evapourated milk. It is the most consistent and reliable brand in satisfaction among the Omani consumers. The impact of brand satisfaction on recommending evaporated milk is found to be significant for Rainbow, Omela, Al Mudhish and Al Marai. The impact of brand satisfaction on repurchase of Evaporated Milk is found to be significant for Rainbow, Omela, Al Mudhish, and Al Marai. In Arabic bread, 42% of the consumers use Al Kowther brand. 32% of the Omani consumers prefer Dahabi brand. Al Kowther is the most consistent and reliable brand in satisfaction among the Omani consumers. The impact of brand satisfaction on recommending Arabic bread is found to be significant for Al Kowther, Carrefour, Dahabi, Lulu, and Sohar brands. Impact of brand satisfaction on repurchase of Arabic bread is found to be significant for Al Kowther, Dahabi, Lulu, and Sohar brands. In the case of yoghurt, 50% of the consumers use Mazoon brand of yoghurt. 38% of the Omani consumers prefer Almarai brand. A’Safwah is the highest and most consistent and reliable brand in satisfaction. The impact of brand satisfaction on recommending yoghurt brand is significant for Almarai and Mazoon. Impact of brand satisfaction on repurchase of yoghurt is significant for Almarai, A’Safwah and Mazoon.

Financial management is frequently labeled as Business Finance / Corporate Finance. Without proper financial management, every business organization or commercial entity will collapse. It is a source of strength and aid. Financial resources are the wealth of an organization that can be used in achieving its goals. Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd is one of the unsurpassed performing Public Sector Units in India. The present study is related to turnover and its influence on profitability with the help of Electronic monitoring system (EMS) in KMML. Here the researcher has decided to collect data from KMML. The secondary data is used from the period of 2016-17 to 2018-19 for the present study. It is concluded that throughout the year there has been continuous growth noted in the turnover of KMML. But awkwardly, in the year 2018-19, a declining trend was noted in the net profit. Compared to 2015-16, the KMML was able to maintain a growth rate of 50.40 times the net profit in 2018-19. Also, it noted from the Time series, Turnover, and Net profit can be predicted with the support of the Year. Both Turnover and Net profit showed a remarkable value during the year 2023.

The importance of forests in supporting millions of livelihoods in the world cannot be over emphasized. In Gabon like in all the other Countries of the Congo Basin Forests, forestry exploitation is carried out under the concession regime but with considerably diminished European interests as opposed to Asian conglomerates gaining grounds particularly the Chinese. Indeed, the emergence of Sino-Indian rivalry in the forest sector in Gabon is emerging. The State of Gabon, being one of the principal stakeholders in the protection of forests on its national territory has enacted forest protection legislation and equally erected a forest perseveration institutional framework. Inspite of these laudable efforts, forest loss particularly emanating from mechanized logging is still going on. As such, the very existence of Gabonese forests which constitute an integral part of the greater Congo Basin Forests is seriously threatened. Through a content analysis of primary and secondary data, this article thus reviews how the plethora of legislative and institutional frameworks put in place to check logging at a large scale have been implemented and enforced to ensure the continuous existence of the forest. The findings of this study reveal that Gabon has a great forest potential per km2 of its 267.667km2 surface area that is very diversified and harbours a very rich and endemic biological diversity. Hence, the need for its protection for humanity’s sake is imperative.

Background: Pain is a subjective and an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or injury. It can also occur without actual tissue damage, even though the patient refers to it. Pain is a conscious experience, an interpretation of the nociceptive input influenced by memories, emotional, pathological, genetic, and cognitive factors. Pain promotes defensive action and future avoidance behaviour, which requires associating defensive behaviour with resultant changes in pain. Pain has been a predominant health concern for mankind since the dawn of recorded history, and pain control is one of the cardinal objectives of the practice of medicine. It is the most common symptom of disease reported to physicians; more than 80 % of all patients who present to hospitals and clinics do so because of pain. Pain affects the general health, psychological health, social and economic well-being of an individual. The annual cost of uncontrolled chronic pain in the general population is in amount of hundreds of billions of dollars. Objective: The work discussed the evaluation tools and protocols, strategies for pain control, and future therapeutic drug targets for pain and analgesia. Method: The literature search used for the narrative review employed electronic databases in the search for relevant research articles, and they included scopus, pubmed, medline, google scholar, and the directory of open access journals. Others were the use of standard textbooks and the review of references of identified journal articles. Articles on pain and analgesia were identified and reviewed for selection. The keywords used in the search were: ‘’Pain evaluation, Pain assessment, Pain control, Pharmacotherapy of pain, Pain management, Types and characteristics of pain, Aetiology/ Cause of pain, Classification of pain, Severity of pain, Measurement of pain intensity, Pain evaluation tools, and Novel therapeutic drug targets for pain’’. The exclusion criteria used, included articles not written in English and those articles that hinged the clinical management of pain on herbal and alternative medicines (e.g., acupuncture, homeopathy etc.). Result: One hundred and ninety-seven works, ranging from published journal articles to non-journal articles were identified. A total of 82 research works, monographs and textbooks were selected. The works were extracted and reviewed after screening of the titles and abstracts, and in compliance with the inclusion/ selection criteria. Conclusions: Clinical pain is a serious public health concern. Pain evaluation is a multi-strategic observational assessment of a patients’ pain experience. The tools (self-report, behavioural and physiological) for pain evaluation have been demonstrated to be clinically effective in assessing acute pain. Pain evaluation is crucial and clinically useful for an effective and successful pain management. Pharmacotherapy is a critical component in the clinical management of pain, including acute, chronic and acute-on-chronic pain.

The objective of this article is to conduct a critical reflection on the role of EIA as a tool that aids decision making in achieving sustainable development. Despite the fact that there is a host of legal and institutional mechanisms ranging from global, regional, sub regional right down to the national level that regulate environmental policies in Cameroon, sustainable development is still a major challenge to policy makers. The major problem that Cameroon is facing is that of implementation of the available legal instruments coupled with the institutional problems that are mostly characterized by overlapping of functions, corruption, nepotism, mediocracy, irrelevant administrative tolerance among others, thus making it difficult to apportion blames on any institution that fails to carry out its task. Broadly based on the reading of records, interviews as well as observation as main research methods, the results obtained are to the effect that there is an antagonistic relationship between economic development and environmental protection in Cameroon. This is against the backdrop of the fact that proceeds that are gotten from the exploitation of natural resources in Cameroon are hardly redeployed for the purposes of environmental protection to be able to stabilize the rate at which the environment is degraded during such exploitation. The study reveals that sometimes the results of EIA are not respected. Among the plethora of recommendations made, it is recommended that special attention should be given to the ESIA such that any results that come from such an assessment should be respected.

The coming to power of the Taliban in Afghanistan in August 15, 2021, changed the social and economic situation in the country. First of all, the changes concerned the rights of women, regarding which new rules are being established. As a result, Afghanistan lost its twenty-year achievements in the field of democracy, human rights, especially women's rights. The main aim of this article is to give full description to the situation of women rights in Afghanistan and give some recommendations on their improvements according to the foreign practice. The scientific significance of the article lies in the fact that the authors tried to give a scientific analysis of the situation with women's rights in Afghanistan, made a comparative analysis with women's rights in other Muslim countries to highlight Taliban Misconceptions of Islamic rules and gave specific recommendations. In this article, the authors used systematic analysis method, historical method, as well as comparative analysis method. In this research, on one hand authors discussed the situation of Afghan Women in the current Taliban’s government, Taliban's decrees regarding women, and the clear violation of the most basic human rights of women. On the other hand, they discussed on Islamic laws, the legal status of women in some Islamic countries. The authors hope, this article, which contains exact recommendations has great practical importance to provide a model that can be useful and effective for the future of Afghan Women.