Aim: The present study is to evaluate nutritional status of undergraduate students of Saida Waheed FMH College of Nursing. Methodology: Study design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study design was use to conduct this study. Study setting: Study was conducted at Saida Waheed college of Nursing Lahore. Study population: Students studying at a private Nursing College. Sampling technique: Researchers used Simple Random sampling method to collect sample. Study Duration: This study was completed within 6 months From December 2021 to May 2022. Sample size: The sample size was be 132 undergraduates BScN 4years students. Data Collection tools: Data was collected through adopted QUESTIONAIRE from ISLAMIA COLLEGE BAHWEL PUR FROM MR KHLIL AHMED after taking his consent. Data Analysis Plan: Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Means and standard deviations (SD) was be calculated from continuous data, whereas, categorical data is expressed in frequencies and percentages. Result: In this study the total participants were 132undergraduate BScN 4years students.. Among total participants 58 (43.9%) were male and 74 (56.1%) female. Majority 65 (59.2%) of the participants having age group between 21 to 25 years. 43.2% students were studying in first years , 35.6% in year two,12.1% year three and 9.1 % students studying in year four. Most of the respondents were belong to middle income family 62.9%, only one participants having family income more than 100000. Among them mostly students residing in hostel (65.9 %) and 34.1% were day scholar. Regarding their area of location 68.9% were from Urban and 31.1% belong to rural are. Majority were Muslims (78.0%) as compared to Christian (21.2%) and 1 participant were from Hindu community (24%) consume fat more than 30%. Conclusion: Students are future and backbone of any nation’s and countries. Special attention is needed for their health. Present study findings indicate that 26% of study participants are overweight and obese and few 12% are also suffering from underweight while 62% participants are found with normal Body Mass Index.

Aim and Objective: To evaluate the probiotic potenties along with safety of probiotics within infant faecal origin. Methods and Results: The present study isolates lactic acid bacteria from infant feces were characterized and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. On evaluation of in vitro probiotic capability, the test isolates exhibited in vitro probiotic potency, antagonistic property and better cell surface properties. The Bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, antioxidant activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory action of the test isolates proves their health conferring potency. Standard protocols were used for the estimation of lymphocyte proliferation rate, phagocytosis rate, cytokine response and faecal enzyme levels. Animal experiment using different doses of L. plantarum (MBTU-S1B) substantiated its immunotolerance against inhibitory effects of supraoptimal concentration of both T and B cell mitogens with significant reduction on β-Glucosidase and Nitroreductase activity with p< 0.05, while contrasting effect was noticed for β-Glucuronidase. Findings of the in vivo study proved higher dose of probiotic would not provide any additional benefit on host body. Conclusions: The test isolates possesed in vitro probiotic potency and the in vivo study with MBTU- S1B proved their applicability in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Significance and Impact of Study: To conflict disease outbreaks by improving general immunity via probiotics.

Introduction: Ovarian neoplasm is produced by the rapid growth and division of cells within the ovary. Under normal circumstances, ovarian cells reproduced to maintain tissue health. When growth control is lost and cellular division is too much and too fast, a cellular mass or tumor is formed. Ovarian neoplasm is the one of major gynecological malignancies & is a frequent site for primary & metastatic tumors. Due to its complex structure, primary ovarian neoplasm manifests a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological & histological features. Ovarian neoplasm has become increasingly important, not only because of a large variety of neoplastic entities but also because they have gradually increased the mortality rate due to genital cancer. The study aimed to find out the unilateral and bilateral involvement of ovarian tumors according to histopathological types. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among forty-five patients who were admitted to the department of gynecology at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital with features of ovarian neoplasm from February 2013 to February 2014. Result: A total of 45 cases were studied in this present study. Patients were of age group 2nd to 7th decade with ovarian tumors. Among 45 cases majority had benign tumors (82.3%), followed by malignant tumors (15.5%). A case of borderline tumor (2.2%) was also found. Benign tumors were the commonest in the 3rd decade. The highest frequency of malignant tumors was in the 4th to 6th decade. Germ cell tumors were found at a young age and sex cord-stromal tumor was found in the 5th decade. Most of the benign tumors (67.56%) were cystic, the rest 27.03%, and 5.42% of cases were partly cystic and partly solid respectively. Among benign tumors, two of the mature teratomas were solid. About 42.86% of malignant tumors were solid, 42.86% were partly cystic partly solid and only 14.28% cases were cystic. Among the malignant tumors, serous cystadenocarcinoma was solid in 3 out of 4 cases and the rest of the malignant tumors of different histology were partly cystic and partly solid. Borderline Brenner tumor was solid in morphology. Most of the benign cases were unilateral 78.38% and the rest 21.62% were bilateral. Among the benign cases, serous cystadenoma showed the highest percentage covering 45.95% followed by mucinous cystadenoma at 18.92%. The borderline tumor showed unilateral distribution. Among malignant cases 57.14% were bilateral and 42.86% were unilateral. Conclusion: This study concludes that benign ovarian tumors are more common from the 3rd decade & malignant tumors occur in the 4th to 6th decade. This study also showed that most of the benign tumors were cystic. Malignant ovarian tumors had an equal percentage of being solid entirely and partly cystic partly solid. Most benign cases were unilateral and malignant cases were mostly bilateral.

Moringa oleifera leaves and Ginger crops still remain an underutilized commodity because of limited information on its wider use. Moringa oleifera is very rich in nutrition but has undesirable taste and flavor. However, addition of ginger takes the edge off the bitter spinachy taste of Moringa oleifera leaves. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important microbes that have long been used in both traditional and modern industrial food fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria can be used for production of food due to their ability to coax microorganisms into producing In the process of food fermentation; microorganisms produce enzymes to break down complex compounds to simple bio-molecules for several biological activities such as proteinase, amylase, mannase, cellulase, and catalase. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the quality attributes of tea-like beverage produced from blends of Moringa oleifera leaves and Ginger(Zingiber officinale). The results showed that The phenotypic and biochemical characteristic of Blends of Drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reveals that the isolates were presumptively categorized to belong to the genus Lactobacillus, the isolates are gram positive, cocci, rod shaped, either, short rod or long rods, non-sporulating, ferments carbohydrate, non-motile and catalase negative. Technological properties of isolates are the properties that indicate the quality of the isolate to be used as a starter culture in the course of fermentation. A total of 35 colonies were isolated from the blend samples. Of them, 3 colonies were identified as Lactobacillus species, through observation of phenotypic characters, and identification, It was found that L. plantarum had tolerance under acid conditions, as its viable cell count remained at pH 2.0 and under 1.0 % bile salt condition, after 72 h incubation time. The proximate and energy content of fermented beverage produced from the blends shows that percent Dry matter, Moisture content, Crude protein, Ether extract , Crude fibre, Ash, carbohydrate and energy value were ranged from 10.00- 30.00, 4.0-5.0, 35.00 -71.00, 3.0-5.0, 11.00 - 18.00,3.0-10,7.0-15 and 74Kcal - 396Kcal respectively. The study concludes that The phenotypic and biochemical characteristic of blends of drum stick leaves (Moringa oleifera) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reveals that the isolates were to belong to the genus Lactobacillus. Also, Many of the LAB metabolites such as low molecular weight acids, alcohols, carbon dioxide, diacetyl and hydrogen peroxides have broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against other species of bacteria. The proximate and energy value of the beverage plays a crucial role in assessing its nutritional significance (P<0.05). Consequently, the fermentation of these blends with LAB species might provide a means of retaining more of the nutrients that are trapped in the matrix of the cells of these plant materials.

Background: Studies from Rivers State have demonstrated high burden of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and declining cure rate despite adequate treatment retention and highly effective directly observed treatment short-course. Aim: to explore the perception of clients on how PTB disease or its treatment affect their health (health-related quality of life), which could impact on TB treatment success rate among clients with PTB. Methods: A total of 225 adult clients with PTB were recruited by systematic random sampling method from each of the 8 randomly selected centers out of 40 active treatment centers in Obio/Akpor LGA of Rivers State. The SF 36 was used to collect responses which were grouped into 8 domains yielding 2 summary measures. Scores ≤49 were classified as poor, 50-74 relatively favourable and good for scores ≥75. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and proportions using tables and pie charts while quantitative data were presented as means and standard deviations. Results: Specific domains mean scores ranged from 34.9±33.7 (role physical) to 61.8±11.9 (general health) while physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) recorded 53.35±16.79 and 51.11±12.26 respectively. The overall HRQoL mean score for the study was 55.2 (± 3.6) with an undesirable score of 20.7%. Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in treatment centers in Obio / Akpor LGA had poor to relatively favourable HRQoL mean scores. Strengthening counselling practice may help improve support for the clients in coping with the disease and the effect of its treatment.

Different efforts have been made especially in the fields of nanotechnology that employed various combinations of nanoparticles to overcome the stresses occurred in the agricultural lands. Nanoparticles that potentially designed through nanotechnology applied to the soil in the form nanofertilizers that increased the yield also good impact on soil composition. Application of nano-SiO2 improves also seed germination throiugh rooting applications, chlorophyll content with proline accumulation. Soil composition also improved the overall fruits and vegetables varieties in such a way that nanoparticles makes intact combinations with inner layers of soil. Biological applications of iron sulfate (FeSO4) in the form of foliar spray also showed excellent resistance to the salinity stress tolerance in the case of sunflower cultivars. Nano zeolite; another type of newly modified materials efficient for long term delivery of nutrients and minerals in soil composition and mineral balance ensures for plant growth. Nanopesticides can be used for efficient crop protection also promote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement. Nano-Si that improves the various other stresses in plants species such as nickle and chromium. Nanotechnology has several advantages over other technologies due to cost efficient and simple to use and imply on more effective treatment and remediation methods.

Background: Basis of recurring chest radiography and admission to sanatorium started at some stage in World War 2, for the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in asymptomatic sufferers/soldiers of battle. Meanwhile the declining incidence of Tuberculosis and discovery of recent screening exams result in decrease in chest radiographs screening method. Chest radiographs account for majority of clinical expenditures international. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of chest radiographs PA view in general population of Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in District Mirpur. The data has been collected from patients at radiology department of DHQ Hospital Mirpur. The study duration was three months after the approval of supervisors. Total 180 patients participated in this study. This included males and females. Convenient sampling technique was used for the collection of data during October 2021-December 2021. Conclusion: In our study mostly patients came with symptoms if cough and according to radiographic findings must patient have cardiomegaly. It is concluded that all patients with the symptoms of SOB ,cough and fever must not have chest infection there could be another cause of these symptoms .Most patients were with cardiomegaly so prevalence if cardiomegaly is higher than chest infections like TB and other infections.

Guaifenesin is an expectorant and belongs to BCS class I which exhibits high solubility and high permeability. Guaifenesin has a half-life of 1 hour; in order to increase its duration of action gastroretentive tablets are formulated. Guaifenesin shows poor flow properties so the method opted for the preparation of this tablets is Top spray granulation. In which HPMC K100LV/HPMC E6LV/HPMC K100M/HPMC K15MPCR is used as swelling matrix polymer, Povidone is used as binder, Magnesium stearate is used as lubricant and MCC is used as diluent. Tablets are evaluated for floating lag time, total floating time, thickness, hardness, friability and invitro drug release studies were performed. The optimized formulation showed less floating lag time, sufficient floating time and with maximum drug release of 88.9% at the end of 12 hours.

The work is aim at the development of a computer program for the nonlinear analysis of rectangular thin isotropic plate on Ritz method. Twelve boundary conditions were analyzed which include: SSSS, CCCC, CSCS, CSSS, CCSS, CCCS, CCFC, SSFS, CCFS, SCFC, CSFS, and SCFS. General expressions for displacement and stress functions for large deflection of isotropic thin rectangular plate under uniformly distributed transverse loading were obtained by direct integration of Von karman’s non-linear governing differential compatibility and equilibrium equations. Polynomial function as shape function was on the decoupled Von Karman’s equations to obtain particular stress and displacement functions respectively. Non-linear total potential Energy was formulated using Von Karman equilibrium equation and Ritz method was deployed in this formulation. A computer based program was developed using Matlab programming language to circumvent the challenges involved in solving the governing differential equations of thin rectangular plates. The developed program is capable of determining deflection and stresses at any point of the plate against the usual method of evaluating deflection at the center. The results obtained were compared with those of previous researchers The comparison made are only for SSSS, CCCC and CCCS plates. It was so because the remaining boundary conditions considered in this work have not been researched upon by previous researchers. From results obtained, the average percentage differences recorded for SSSS, CCCC, and CCCS plates for the present and previous studies are 4.01978%, 3.7646%, and 5.02% respectively. The percentage differences for the three plates compared are within acceptable limit of 0.05 or 5% level of significance in statistics. From the comparison made, it was obvious that an excellent agreement was observed in all cases thus indicating applicability and validity of the polynomial function and computer program for solving exact plate bending problems.

The study explored perceived challenges faced by student-teachers during the off-campus teaching practice. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was all the student-teachers (300, 350, and 400 levels) from College of Education (Regular), University (Regular), University (Sandwich), and other modes of education. However, 135 student-teachers were randomly and conveniently sampled for data collection. The instrument used for the study was an adapted questionnaire. The instrument was validated from an expert perspective. Data to answer research questions were analysed using the means and standard deviations. The study found that student-teachers do not have personal challenges during their teaching practices. The study found that student-teachers do not have supervisory challenges during their teaching practices. The study also revealed that student-teachers do not face major challenges from their practicing schools during their teaching practices. It is recommended that Colleges of Education, Teacher Continuous Professional Development of the Universities, as well as Ghana Education Service should organise periodic workshops for student-teachers and in-service teachers on the selection of appropriate TLMs for various lessons.

This work is aimed at formulating a polynomial function for the nonlinear analysis of CCCS isotropic rectangular thin plate. The previous researchers used trigonometry function as their shape function on the decoupled Von Karman’s equations to obtain particular stress and displacement function respectively. Trigonometry function can only be used effectively for SSSS and CCCC plates; apart from these boundaries conditions its efficiency reduces. This present work hence used a polynomial function to formulate the approximate shape function for the CCCS plate. Direct variational calculus was used applied on Von Karman’s equations to obtain the general form of minimized total potential energy which serves as a platform for the determination of coefficient factor( Amplitude or coefficient of deflection). The numerical values of CCCS plate under unit load were obtained using Amplitude equation formulated. These values were obtained for various aspect ratio (ranging from 1 to 1.5 with an increment of 0.1). This work was compared with the previous work [1] and the percentage difference in the results are within the acceptable limit. This results indicate that the approach adopted by the present work is adequate, reliable and satisfactory for the analysis of CCCS rectangular plate.

Vertical bone atrophy in the mandible is a challenge when inserting dental implants. In situations where less than 3 mm of residual bone is present but both vestibular tables remain intact, a mandibular split technique can be used. It is a highly predictable and easy to perform technique although borderline situations such as those shown in the present clinical case series with less than 3 mm bone width may be less unpredictable in terms of outcome and long-term implant survival. Therefore, we show a series of extreme cases treated with a technique of splitting, biological reaming and matching of the implant to the recipient bed, which achieves lasting results ten years later.

This article aims to analyze the research trend and hotspots in the field of comparative literature by using the method of bibliometrics. The data is derived from the Web of Science Core Collection Database. The visualization software VOSViewer is utilized to draw keyword co-occurrence knowledge graph. R programming language is employed to analyze the quantity of publications, core journals, highly cited papers, the most contributing authors, and keyword word cloud. The results indicate that ever since 1975, this study field has entered a period of rapid development; top journals with most publications are mainly from France, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Most of the highly cited articles have emerged in the recent two decades, and quite a few of them inherit the academic tradition of adopting a geographic perspective. The keyword word cloud and the keyword co-ocurrence knowledge mapping reveal that comparative literature study is shifting its focus from literary history and intertextuality to identity, culture, literary theory and world literature. The recent reserch hotspots in this field are mainly identity, culture, world literature, literary theory, Latin American literature, appropriation, genre, theatre, ethics and digital humanities, etc.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the estrogenic effects of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis in the female rat. The evaluation focused on the effect of the extract on the oestrous cycle, the evolution of the fresh weight of the uterus and ovaries, the total cholesterol level, and the total protein and oestradiol levels. The doses of extract administered to the female rats were 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. Administration of C. gabunensis extract at 400 mg/kg induced an increase in total protein levels. The administration of the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg gives the same results as the negative control which is distilled water. No significant variation of the C. gabunensis extract on the other parameters studied was observed compared to the negative control. This study shows that C. gabunensis would have anti-estrogenic effects, additional work should be carried out in order to validate the use of this extract in the treatment of female infertility.

Introduction: Preterm labor is one of the clinical events that can change a normal pregnancy into a high-risk one for both the mother and the fetus. Preterm labors are thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including decidual bleeding and uterine deformation. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to observe the maternal complications of preterm birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from January to June of 2015. Purposive sampling method was used to select a total of 100 women from those admitted at the study hospital for deliveries according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Most of the patients were from the third decade of life. Majority (61.0%) patients had multi para. Majority (39.0%) patients were gestational age 34 weeks. More than half (53.0%) had infection, among which urinary tract infection were the most common. Neonatal death was 61%, and most common cause of neonatal death was septicemia, followed by respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Most of the patients were in 3rd decade of life, and did not receive regular antenatal check-up. Infection and pre-eclampsia were the most common maternal complications, while respiratory distress syndrome was the most common perinatal morbidity. Septicemia and respiratory distress syndrome were the most common cause of perinatal death.