The purpose of study was to find out the effect of concurrent complex training and aerobic training on anaerobic power of college handball players. To achieve this purpose of the study, forty five collegiate men handball players from affiliated colleges of Alagappa University, Karaikudi, were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged between 18 and 25 years. They were divided into three equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=15, COM.T (a) AT, underwent complex training after aerobic training, the experimental group-2 (n=15, COM.T (b) AT) underwent complex training before aerobic training, and group 3 served as control group (n=10, CG) did not undergo any specific training. The anaerobic power was selected as criterion variable and the measurement was recorded in watts. The selected two treatments were performed 3 days in a week for the period of twelve weeks, as per the stipulated training program. The collected pre and post data was critically analysed with apt statistical tool of one-way analysis of co-variance, for observed the significant adjusted post-test mean difference of three groups. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out pair-wise comparisons between groups with. To test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significant was fixed in this study.

Bread is a food commonly sold and consumed in Kisangani. Throughout its production and distribution chain, it undergoes multiple handling processes. To mitigate the potential risks associated with its consumption, a study was conducted to assess its microbiological quality. The serial dilution technique enabled the isolation and enumeration of bacteria, while the assessment of hygienic quality was carried out in accordance with Codex Alimentarius standards. The results obtained showed that the high bacterial load was found in retailers 11, 12, 21, 31, and 51, with 11.71 × 10² CFU (salmonella), 41.23 × 10⁵ CFU (FMAT), 6.36 × 10² CFU (enterobacteria), 43.46 × 10⁵ CFU (yeasts and molds), and 27.55 × 10² CFU (staphylococci). The bread sold and consumed in four of the five bakeries sampled and that sold by retailers does not meet food hygiene standards in Kisangani.

Medical students are future healthcare leaders whose personal health behaviors influence their clinical advocacy. This study assessed oral hygiene knowledge, practices, and clinical status among medical students at the University of Dongola, Sudan, and explored barriers to maintaining optimal oral health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and December 2024 among 208 students in Years 2 and 6, using a validated questionnaire and clinical examinations. Data included demographics, brushing habits, awareness of systemic links, and perceived barriers. Statistical analysis employed Pearson’s Chi-square test (P < 0.05). Most participants were female (66.0%) and aged 20–24 years. A significant knowledge–practice gap was observed: although 78.0% acknowledged oral health importance, only 41.0% brushed twice daily. Caries prevalence was 54.0%, and 67.3% were categorized as having poor oral hygiene. No significant associations were found between hygiene status and gender (P = 0.556) or academic level (P = 0.995). Academic workload was the most cited barrier (70.2%). Awareness of oral health links with diabetes (44.2%) and heart disease (30.8%) was limited. Findings reveal poor oral hygiene practices and high caries prevalence among medical students, highlighting the need for curriculum integration of oral health modules and preventive screening programs to foster healthier behaviors and effective health advocacy.

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into organizational environments has created new opportunities to improve information technology (IT) management processes. AI tools support managerial decision-making, automate routine and complex operational tasks, and enhance system monitoring, diagnosis, and performance optimization, enabling organizations to manage large volumes of data more efficiently and respond to operational needs more quickly and accurately. However, integrating AI into existing IT management systems presents several technical and managerial challenges, including system complexity, legacy infrastructure limitations, data governance requirements, security risks, compliance obligations, and the need for effective managerial oversight. Without a structured implementation approach, AI adoption may introduce operational risks and reduce transparency in IT processes. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for embedding AI tools into IT management systems by addressing both technical architecture and management requirements. The framework identifies key components such as data integration layers, AI analytics modules, management control interfaces, and governance mechanisms. It also highlights how predictive analytics and intelligent automation can enhance operational efficiency, risk management, and strategic planning while maintaining transparency and accountability. The study provides a structured approach to help organizations design AI-enabled IT management systems aligned with organizational objectives and effective managerial control.

الحمد لله الذي علم بالقلم، علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم، والصلاة والسلام على أفصح العرب لساناً، وأطهرهم جناناً، نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين. تعد اللغة العربية الركيزة الأساسية للهوية الإسلامية، والوعاء الحضاري الذي استوعب علوم الأمة وتراثها عبر القرون. وفي ظل الثورة المعلوماتية التي يشهدها القرن الحادي والعشرون، لم يعد التعليم التقليدي القائم على التلقين كافياً لمواكبة متطلبات العصر، مما استوجب دمج التقنيات الحديثة في العملية التعليمية لضمان جودة المخرجات، خاصة في مرحلة التعليم الثانوي التي تمثل حجر الزاوية في بناء شخصية الطالب العلمية واللغوية. وتكتسب ولاية "كِبّي" في نيجيريا أهمية خاصة في هذا السياق؛ نظراً لتاريخها العريق في التعليم العربي والإسلامي، إلا أن هذا النظام التعليمي يواجه اليوم تحديات مفصلية تتأرجح بين الحفاظ على الأصالة وبين ضرورة الانفتاح على الوسائل السمعية والبصرية الحديثة. إن استخدام أجهزة العرض الرقمية، والحواسيب، والمنصات التفاعلية لم يعد ترفاً، بل

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods (Sati et al.,2025). This study explores the plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs using bioactive extracts, which serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit unique tunable optical properties, primarily characterized by strong Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). We demonstrate that these biogenic AgNPs significantly enhance the detection sensitivity of SPR-based biosensors compared to conventional substrates. Characterization through UV-Vi’s spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX confirms the formation of spherical AgNPs with high elemental purity. These findings provide a roadmap for the development of eco-friendly, high-performance diagnostic tools for environmental and biomedical monitoring.

This study takes the Appraisal system as a theoretical tool, focuses on the rural tourism news discourses of China Daily, and deeply analyzes the discourse logic of constructing the Chinese-style harmonious concept through three types of resources: Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation. The results show that Attitude resources account for 38.83%, among which Judgment resources reach 61.30%, focusing on ecological and employment effects; Engagement resources account for 32.71%, forming a dialogic structure through expert opinions and villager feedback; Graduation resources account for 28.46%, strengthening the evaluative intensity with quantitative data. The three types of resources work together to transform the concept of “harmony” into a concrete narrative: realizing the value unity of protection and development in the ecological dimension, promoting the integration of traditional craftsmanship and modern tourism at the cultural level, and achieving a positive cycle of industrial development and people's livelihood improvement in the economic and social fields. The study not only enriches the practice of Appraisal Theory in analyzing rural tourism news discourses but also helps expand the research perspective of discourse analysis. The analysis of such rural tourism news discourses is still worthy of further in-depth exploration in the future.

Hepato-Adrenal Syndrome is an underdiagnosed condition that is still incompletely understood but appear multifactorial. His prevalence can reach 72% in series of hospitalized patients for cirrhosis. change in protein homeostasis imposed by hypoalbuminemia induced by cirrhosis and the decrease in all globulin binding outside of SHBG tends to cause diagnostic doubts. We report the case of a patient with a viral cirrhosis at the stage of decompensation in whom we diagnosed a hepato-adrenal syndrome suggested by evocative clinical symptoms and associated to a refractory hyponatremia. The spectacular evolution under hydrocortisone led us to reiterate our diagnosis even before performing the adrenal stimulation test. We propose a review of literature that highlights the epidemiological, pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects of this pathological entity.

Standard LCDM cosmology relies on undetected "Dark Matter" and "Dark Energy" to explain gravitational anomalies. This paper introduces the Hamouda Informational Gravity Model (HIGM), a framework where gravity is not a fundamental force of mass but an emergent phenomenon of Information Entropy. By identifying Infrared (IR) radiation as the primary cosmic information carrier, we demonstrate that the resulting entropic gradients generate the pressure and curvature traditionally attributed to dark sectors. We provide empirical validation across multiple scales, including the Milky Way, Andromeda (M31), and the Hubble Tension, proving that gravitational stability is a thermodynamic necessity driven by infrared information flow.

This paper is a critical discourse analysis of the briefings made by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Iraq, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, to the United Nations Security Council about the place of women in Iraq. It fills a gap in the academic literature of international institutional discourses and how they draw representations of women's agency, challenges and engagement in Iraqi society after the conflicts. This study aims at identifying the discursive practices used in such briefings to symbolize the role of women, assess the ideological underpinnings of such symbolizations, and analyze whether these discursive practices enforce or challenges the existing gender power relations in Iraq. The study will utilize a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis by examining 9 excerpts of three Security Council briefings given between October 2023 and May 2024. The theoretical and analytical approach has been offered by Fairclough's (1995) three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis consisting of textual analysis, discursive practice, and social practice. Results show that women in Iraq are mostly represented in passive and nominalized constructions, and they are mostly presented as beneficiaries of the institutional act as opposed to being agents. Evaluative language and modality markers also build on the empowerment of women as an aspirational goal that is dependent on government and even international intervention. The research finds that, despite the recognition of gains in the political role of women in the briefings, the existing discursive patterns support a dependency paradigm which makes the progress of women to be imposed by outside forces instead of being self-directed.

Sustainable management of marine fauna globally is increasing due to anthropogenic demands, the decline in biodiversity, and climate-related changes in the ecosystem. Combining ecological concepts and fisheries science would provide an overall approach to achieving a balance between conservation objectives and food security requirements. This review critically evaluates how there are converging approaches between ecosystem-based management, population dynamics, and adaptive fisheries strategies that can contribute to improving resilience in marine systems. It lays stress on trophic relationships, habitat connectivity and species-specific response to exploitation, indicating the shortcomings of conventional single-species management strategies. More sophisticated tools like ecosystem modeling, remote sensing, and data-driven stock assessments are elaborated as key ingredients of informed decision making. Furthermore, the contribution of governance systems, stakeholder involvement, policy consistency is gauged in promoting sustainable exploitation and maintenance of ecological integrity. New ideas such as climate-smart fisheries, biodiversity-inclusive management and nature-based solutions are discussed in response to the uncertainty that might occur in the future. The synthesis emphasizes the need to work across disciplines to reduce overfishing, habitat destruction and ecosystem imbalance. This method will bring ecological theory and fisheries into a balance to advance long-term sustainability, increase adaptive capacity, and restore marine biodiversity. Finally, ecology and fisheries science should be integrated as a paradigm shift to whole ocean stewardship, which guarantees the survival of marine life and the marine ecosystem services it offers at a time of unprecedented environmental change.

Remote sensing-based smart irrigation management based on the use of geographic information system (GIS) has become a revolution in the effort to maximize the efficiency of water use in agricultural systems and the management of complex biotic and abiotic stresses to the agricultural system. This paper integrates recent developments in satellite-based monitoring, sensor fusion, and spatial analytics to come up with adaptive irrigation systems that adapt dynamically to crop water needs. Remote sensing platforms can be used to measure vegetation indices, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and thermal anomalies in real-time, allowing the initial identification of stress conditions resulting in drought, salinity, pests and diseases. GIS-based modeling also improves the decision-making process by incorporating multi-layered spatial data such as topography, soil characteristics and climatic variables to produce accurate irrigation timetables and risk maps. These technologies are integrated to facilitate precision agriculture through less wastage of water, low input costs, and enhanced crop resilience to the dynamic environment. Further, the predictability of stress forecasting and optimization in the process of irrigation can be improved using machine learning algorithms and geospatial data. The case studies show that smart irrigation systems can provide a great deal of stability in yield and efficiency in resource use in a wide range of agro-ecological areas. Though there are current challenges of accessing data, technical complexity and infrastructure constraints, continued technological advancements are ensuring that these systems continue to be scaled and accessible. In general, remote sensing and GIS convergence offer a sound platform of sustainable water management, which is part of food security and climate adaptation policies in contemporary agriculture. Future studies ought to be conducted on the incorporation of low-cost sensor networks, cloud computing infrastructure, and farmer-oriented decision-support systems to make them easy to use, scale, and be adopted in resource-constrained agricultural areas in the world to advance sustainable development.

Background: The role of histopathology as a tool in diagnosing chronic osteomyelitis (COM) in Ghana has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of histopathology as a tool in diagnosing and describing the clinicopathological features of COM in sequestrectomy and other small biopsy specimens. Material and methods: The following data on 75 patients with COM were collected: age, gender, primary and associated symptoms, history of prior trauma and the use of herbal treatment. The data was analysed using SPSS software version 26.0 (Chicago). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare clinical variables of significance. Results: The median age of the patients was 12.0 years, with a male: female ratio of 2:1. The commonest primary presentation was a painful swelling 55 (73.3%, p<0.001). The sites commonly involved were: tibia (34.7%), femur (22.7%) and hip joint (10.7%). Approximately, 84.8% (p<0.001) of those with additional complains had a discharging sinus. A total of 27 (36.0%) patients had history of prior trauma, while, 41 (54.6%) had history of prior use of herbal treatment. There was a significant association between discharging sinus tract and the use of herbal medicine (P= 0.009). There was also an association between trauma and herbal medicine usage (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis commonly affect young males, with the long bones of the axial skeleton being the common site of infection. Prior trauma and the use of herbal medicine for fracture managements were the common risk factors.

Against the background of the “Three Integrations” Initiative and in light of the heightened ideological and political emphasis currently placed on Translation for International Communication and the interdisciplinary nature of this course, this study introduces the principles of Outcome-Based Education and constructs a “One Core, Three Stages, Five Dimensions” teaching model, centered on cultivating students’ competence to undertake translation tasks that are oriented at international communication. Empirical results demonstrate that this model effectively strengthens students’ ability to apply translation skills in international communication and promotes the integration of translation skills instruction with patriotic education; it thus offers a valuable reference and practical model for pedagogical reform in relevant external publicity translation courses.

People can contract influenza, an infectious respiratory illness. Fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, headache, aches in the muscles, and fatigue are among the symptoms. In severe cases, pneumonia frequently results in death. There are worldwide influenza pandemic outbreaks, despite the fact that these illnesses are marked by sporadic seasonal epidemics and irregular and unpredictable occurrences. a zoonotic viral strain. Severe influenza seasons are linked to the H3N2 subtype. Three of the previous five extremely severe influenza seasons were dominated by H3N2 viruses. influenza viruses are evolving so quickly, even with known techniques, The best ways to avoid and cure influenza is viewed as a tremendous task. Only thorough research on the currently dominating H3N2 influenza viruses will lead to improvements in vaccination efficacy and pandemic risk assessment. The different characteristics of the H3N2 viruses and their ability to cause seasonal outbreaks and pandemics are covered in great length in this article.