Inflammation plays a very important role in the development of non-communicable diseases in the general population, while it remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive patients treated with HAART. We aimed to investigate the association between IL-6 and hs-CRP with the components of metabolic syndrome among HIV-positive patients on HAART. We conducted a prospective study among HIV-positive HAART naïve patients. Eighty-six HIV-positive HAART naïve patients and eighty-six HIV-negative subjects to serve as controls at baseline were recruited. The baseline data was taken and recorded before commencing the patients on HAART. Then, the patients were placed on lamivudine, tenofovir and dolutegravir (DTG) HAART regiment and followed up for 24 months. Both serum IL-6 and hs-CRP are higher among HIV-positive patients than healthy control and among patients with and without MetS. Both age, gender, anthropometric and blood pressure FBC and LDL-c show an inverse correlation with the development of MetS at baseline, but not IL-6 and hs-CRP. However, 24 months post-HAART hs-CRP shows a significant correlation with MetS (P= 0.010) but IL-6 has a weak positive correlation with MetS (P= 0.055). In regression model, IL-6 has a strong negative correlation with the development of MetS (r –0.085 p= 0.042), while hs-CRP have a strong positive correlation with the development of MetS (r 0.117 p= 0.008). Interleukin-6 and hs-CRP are found to be highly elevated among patients with HIV than healthy controls, as well as in patients with MetS than those without MetS. Both IL-6 and hs-CRC are associated with the development of MetS among HIV patients on HAART than HAART naïve.

Rotator cuff (RC) tears, both partial and full-thickness lesions, are a common source of pain and disability in the adult’s shoulder. Methods: In this study a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 129 patients with shoulder pain, stiffness, restricted motion and trauma. Their age were between 20–65 years those attended into the clinical centers in Sudan (2021–2024). High-resolution ultrasonography (HR-US) was used in a uniform tendon-specific protocol in order to increase the diagnostic precision, reproducibility, then to study the Specificity and Sensitivity of HR-US clinical orientation on a partial and full- thickness tear on Rotator Cuff muscles. The examinations were performed with a 7.5-/12-MHzlinear-array transducer following ESSR guidelines. SPSS v23 was used for statistical analysis and level of significant at p < 0.05. Results: HR-US was over 90% sensitive and over 94% specific in identifying full-thickness tears and had excellent agreement with MRI. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons had optimal diagnostic accuracy, with HR-US superior to MRI in the identification of some partial subscapularis tears. Standardized protocols improved inter-operator variability elimination and diagnostic consistency. Conclusion: HR-US is a highly precise, cost-effective, and interactive first-line imaging modality for evaluating rotator cuff disease. Its real-time imaging can provide functional information beyond MRI, leading to early and precise diagnosis. If performed under formalized protocol, HR-US reduces operator reliance and enables wide acceptance, particularly in resource-poor health care settings.

The transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical period for young people with type 1 diabetes. In Djibouti, the Young Diabetic Center has implemented a structured therapeutic education program to support this transition. A one-year prospective study of 100 patients aged 16 to 21 evaluated the impact of this process on glycemic control (HbA1c), autonomy, and satisfaction among young adults. The results show a modest but significant improvement in HbA1c after 12 months, despite the persistence of imbalance in nearly half of the participants. Female gender, low autonomy, and insufficient medical follow-up appear to be vulnerability factors. This experience highlights the importance of a coordinated, multidisciplinary, and patient-centered transition.

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains are associated with causing a wide range of infections such as urinary tract infections and bacteraemia. Over the past two decades, the levels of antimicrobial resistance of ExPEC strains have increasingly been reported worldwide, and this is attributed to the global emergence and dissemination of a single ExPEC lineage, known as E. coli ST131. This review explored the current knowledge of E. coli ST131 in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its antimicrobial resistance, virulence capacity and metabolic potential. Many local reports have shown that the antimicrobial resistance levels of E. coli ST131 were higher than non-ST131, particularly to front-line agents used for the empirical treatment of infections caused by ExPEC. Furthermore, E. coli ST131 strains have been associated with high virulence capacity, which could drive the current success of this clone locally. The metabolic activity of ST131 was also found to be slightly higher than non-ST131 strains that obtained from blood population. Taken together, the future studies should focus on elucidating the factors that drive the success of ST131.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing industrial process automation by introducing intelligent decision-making and adaptive control to traditionally deterministic systems. In the petrochemical and oil & gas industries where safety, efficiency, and reliability are paramount, AI technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and digital twins enhance plant operations through predictive maintenance, process optimization, and asset integrity management. Despite challenges in certification, data quality, and cybersecurity, AI continues to evolve as an indispensable enabler of smart and self-optimizing industrial plants. This research examines the integration of AI within programmable logic controllers (PLCs), distributed control systems (DCS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) frameworks, the improvements it brings in efficiency, energy management, and maintenance scheduling as well as examines the real-world implementations from major automation vendors such as Honeywell, Emerson, Yokogawa and Siemens.

The development of multifunctional photocatalysts that efficiently operate under visible light remains a fundamental challenge for sustainable wastewater treatment and oxygen evolution. In this work, we report a novel reticular and high-entropy TiO₂-based nanotubular hybrid system integrated with Cu:ZnO nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots (C-dots), designed to achieve synergistic enhancement in charge dynamics and surface reactivity. The high-entropy configuration introduces lattice distortion and defect sites that extend the optical absorption edge and promote rapid charge separation, while the Cu:ZnO interface accelerates electron transport and facilitates multi-pathway redox reactions. Simultaneously, the C-dots serve as photonic antennas, enabling visible-light sensitization through π–π conjugation and energy up-conversion. Structural and optical analyses confirm the formation of a reticular nanotubular network providing hierarchical porosity and large interfacial area for catalytic interactions. Under simulated solar irradiation, the hybrid demonstrates remarkable photocatalytic efficiency, achieving over 95% degradation of organic contaminants and enhanced oxygen evolution activity compared to pristine TiO₂. The introduced design concept coupling reticular high-entropy stabilization with optoelectronic co-catalyst modulation presents a new paradigm for next-generation photocatalysts capable of simultaneous environmental remediation and clean energy generation.

The primary concern in healthcare services within hospitals is patient safety. Quality management and patient safety are not only related to medical factors; several non-medical factors also influence them. These factors are personal, organizational culture, motivation, and patient safety culture. There has been no research at Koja Regional Hospital to date regarding patient safety culture related to personal factors, organizational culture, and motivation, which are crucial for implementing a patient safety culture as a primary step in improving service quality. This study aimed to identify and explain the factors that influence patient safety culture, including personal factors, organizational culture, and motivation. It used a cross-sectional design. Primary data were collected through questionnaires with 116 respondents. This study involved a dependent variable, Patient Safety Culture, two independent variables, Personal Factors and Organizational Culture, and one mediating variable, Motivation. It was analyzed using path analysis via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that personal factors have a significant positive effect on patient safety culture, indicated by a path coefficient of 0.311, a T-statistic of 3.603 (p = 0.000). Correspondingly, organizational culture plays a positive and significant role, with a path coefficient of 0.396 and a T-statistic of 2.957 (p = 0.003). The influence of organizational culture on motivation shows a path coefficient of 0.778 and a T-statistic of 11.996 (p < 0.000). To improve patient safety culture, Koja Regional Hospital requires simultaneous, complementary, and continuous interventions. The success of a patient safety program depends not only on individual abilities but also on innovation within a supportive organizational culture, good motivation, and a work environment that fosters patient safety.

Background: Accurate segmentation and characterization of brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are paramount for diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. While deep learning models like U-Net have set a high standard for segmentation, they can fail to detect complex, multifocal disease and often lack the tools for in-depth clinical characterization beyond basic volume. Methods: A comprehensive, web-based platform built upon a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Transformer architecture is presented. An end-to-end workflow is provided by the system from medical image upload (DICOM/NIfTI) to final analysis. It features a dedicated, interactive 3D reconstruction environment with real-time controls for mesh manipulation, lighting, and data export (STL for 3D printing, JSON for reports). All measurements are performed in native medical imaging units (millimeters) to ensure clinical accuracy. The platform also includes a detailed analysis tool for calculating a full suite of morphological and clinical metrics, including an estimated WHO grade. Results: Quantitatively, the Hybrid model achieved a mean Dice coefficient of 0.91 and a mean sensitivity of 0.94 across the test set, outperforming the U-Net (0.86 Dice, 0.88 sensitivity) and a traditional algorithm (0.72 Dice, 0.75 sensitivity). In a representative case of multifocal glioma, the hybrid model identified three distinct tumor foci with a total volume of 67,480 mm³, whereas the U-Net identified only a single mass of 15,140 mm³, representing a 4.4-fold increase in detected tumor burden. These results were visualized and explored in the platform's interactive 3D viewer, which provided real-time statistics and allowed for immediate export of the 3D model. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates a complete platform that not only leverages a state-of-the-art segmentation model but also provides the necessary tools for interactive visualization, analysis, and data dissemination. By seamlessly integrating a high-performance algorithm with a user-centric interface, the system serves as a powerful tool for medical education, clinical training, and reproducible research.

Charcoal stoves constitute an essential energy provision for millions residing in sub-Saharan Africa; however, conventional designs exhibit inefficiency and pose health risks, contributing to approximately 3.2 million premature fatalities each year due to household air pollution. This systematic review consolidates advancements in charcoal stove technology, with an emphasis on enhancing thermal efficiency, minimizing emissions, and ensuring user safety. Utilizing a methodologically rigorous approach, a total of 52 peer-reviewed studies (1994–2025) were meticulously examined from databases such as Scopus and ScienceDirect, employing standardized testing protocols (e.g., Water Boiling Test). The findings indicate that innovative designs, including rocket and gasifier stoves, attain thermal efficiencies ranging from 17% to 87%, in contrast to the 11% to 16% efficiencies observed in traditional models, alongside reductions in carbon monoxide emissions by as much as 75% and a decrease in fuel consumption by 70%. Nonetheless, performance outcomes exhibit variability in practical applications, influenced by user behavior and the durability of materials employed. The review emphasizes the imperative for validation through field-based studies and the development of economically accessible designs to promote widespread adoption. These technological innovations hold the potential to provide sustainable cooking solutions, thereby contributing to public health and the achievement of environmental objectives such as Sustainable Development Goal 7.

The hybrid nanomaterials represent a revolutionary type of engineered structure that lies on the boundary of the chemistry and materials science and nanotechnology. With a combination of discrete organic-inorganic, metallic-polymeric, or bio-inspired constituents at the nanoscale, the systems are strongly synergistic in terms of physicochemical properties, and by far outperform their individual components. This structural and functional tunability has provided new opportunities in sensor technology, energy conversion and sustainability in catalysis that has never been seen before. Recent progress in interfacial design, atomic-level assembly, as well as nanoscale characterization, have made it possible to highly tune charge dynamics, surface reactivity, and selective molecular recognition. In sensor devices, the hybrid nanomaterials have excellent sensitivity and signal fidelity due to the property of the designs of heterostructures engineering and quantum confinement. Likewise, their hierarchic structures and functional active sites enable efficient energy capture, pollutant reduction as well as green chemical reactions in catalytic systems at ambient conditions. The overlap between artificial intelligence, computational modeling and green synthesis protocols is also rapidly increasing the rational designing of hybrid nanomaterials to be used in sustainable technology applications. It is a review that critically evaluates the new synthesis strategies, structure-property correlations, and multifunctional uses of next-generation hybrid nanomaterials, and shows the progress along with the unfulfilled opportunities of providing scalable, environmentally responsible production. Lastly, the future directions are suggested to a new paradigm of adaptive, circular-economy-oriented design based on integrating efficiency, durability, and ecological compatibility in the state-of-the-art materials engineering.

Blood exposure accidents [BEAs] are major occupational hazards in dental practice, since they carry the risk of transmission of potentially fatal pathogens like Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV], Hepatitis B and C [HBV and HCV]. Although protocols for prevention and management of BEAs are well established, knowledge gaps and underreporting are prevalent especially in North African countries like Tunisia. This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness, frequency of exposure and reporting practices of BEAs among Tunisian dentists. A cross-sectional and single-center study was conducted among dentists from June 28 to November 18 2022 that included professors, residents, interns, private practice dentists and public sector dentists. A 16-item survey was created using “Google Form” and distributed via email and in Tunisian dentists Facebook groups. 50 printed copies were distributed in the academic dental clinic of Monastir. An excel sheet and the “IBM SPSS” software were used for data analysis of the respondents, 50.6% demonstrated sufficient knowledge regarding general aspects of BEAs; however, 63% reported feeling inadequately informed about their management. A total of 168 BEAs were recorded, of which only 29.8% were officially reported to occupational health authorities’ Tunisian dentists possess sufficient knowledge regarding BEAs and their management, Nevertheless, many still feel ill-informed about the subject. Providing additional information could strengthen their knowledge, encourage reporting and enhance prevention efforts in Tunisia.

The aim of this study was to assess the available literature on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the osseointegration of dental implants in humans. The present literature review explores the question: “Does vitamin D supplementation have an impact on dental implant osseointegration?” Relevant publications were identified through electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, covering the period from January 2018 to April 2025, using the MeSH terms: Vitamin D, Dental Implants, and Osseointegration. Only human studies published in English or French were considered. The reviewed literature includes articles such as narrative and systematic reviews, clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, case series, and case reports the electronic search yielded a total of 1,542 articles. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria [2 randomized clinical trials, 2 prospective studies, 1 retrospective study, 1 case report, and 2 literature reviews], comprising clinical data from 316 patients. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance osseointegration, notably in patients with deficiency. More research is needed to standardize supplementation protocols.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern causing multi-organ complications, with postmenopausal women being particularly vulnerable due to hormonal and metabolic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and renal function markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and renal function markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study at the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh (July 2014–June 2015) included 100 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes to assess the association of microalbuminuria with renal function markers. After ethical approval and consent, fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected to measure glucose, HbA1c, serum albumin, serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, microalbuminuria, and ACR. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with t-tests and Pearson’s correlation; p < 0.05 was significant. Results: In 100 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, 78% were microalbuminuria positive. Prevalence was 94.4% with abnormal serum albumin, 100% with raised ACR, and 91.7% with raised serum creatinine. Microalbuminuria correlated strongly with serum albumin (r = –0.750), urinary creatinine (r = –0.762), ACR (r = +0.997), and serum creatinine (r = +0.694), all p = 0.001. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is strongly associated with renal function markers, highlighting the need for early detection of kidney dysfunction in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.

The FiLaC™ (Fistula Laser Closure) technique has emerged as a valuable sphincter-preserving option for the treatment of cryptogenic anal fistulas, combining efficacy with functional safety. This retrospective study was conducted at the Hepato-Gastroenterology and Proctology Department of Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, between January 2023 and January 2025. Twenty-five patients with cryptogenic anal fistulas underwent treatment using the FiLaC™ procedure, following initial drainage with a seton. Fistulas secondary to Crohn’s disease, tuberculosis, or malignancy were excluded. Cure was defined as complete closure of the fistulous tract and both orifices without recurrence during 24 months of follow-up. The mean age was 45.3 years, with a slight male predominance. Transsphincteric fistulas were the most frequent (44%), and the overall success rate reached 84%, without any case of postoperative incontinence. Univariate analysis showed that a short fistulous tract and a small internal opening were associated with better outcomes (p = 0.036 and p = 0.042, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only the short fistula tract remained a significant independent predictor of success (p = 0.04; OR = 5.12). Recurrent cases were successfully managed with a second FiLaC™ session. The technique was well tolerated and reproducible, with mean energy delivery of 699 Joules and an average fiber withdrawal time of 61.6 seconds. These results confirm that FiLaC™ is a minimally invasive and reliable technique for the management of cryptogenic anal fistulas, offering a high healing rate and optimal preservation of continence. The short length of the fistulous tract appears to be the most decisive predictive factor of long-term success.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy and the primary source of natural fiber worldwide. Despite its significance, cotton productivity remains suboptimal due to a narrow genetic base, biotic and abiotic stresses, and declining soil fertility. Breeding programs therefore focus on developing new, high-yielding, and stress-tolerant advance lines that can outperform existing commercial cultivars. In this study, field evaluation and molecular profiling were conducted on a set of advance lines derived from FH-490 and compared with standard commercial checks (e.g., FH-942, SLH-2010, CIM-70). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal sowing conditions. Agronomic traits including plant height, monopodial and sympodial branches, number of bolls, boll weight, and seed cotton yield were recorded alongside fiber quality and physiological parameters. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes, with L-1 and L-4 recording the highest yields, while FH-942 and SLH-2010 performed poorly. Molecular analysis using SSR markers revealed polymorphism that differentiated the advance lines, with SSR4-170 notably associated with tolerance under limited water conditions. The integration of field performance with DNA fingerprinting allowed a clearer understanding of both genetic diversity and adaptive potential. This study identifies promising lines (L-1, L-2, L-4, L-5) with superior yield and fiber quality, suggesting their suitability for inclusion in breeding pipelines. Findings emphasize the importance of combining morphological evaluation with molecular tools to accelerate the development of resilient cotton varieties capable of sustaining production under evolving climatic and resource constraints.