Background: Health care waste management constitutes one of major public health concerns of modern health care. Since the healthcare workers are at the forefront of the waste generation, their knowledge on its management and hazard prevention is a major determinant of safe handling practices and effective infection control. Methodology: Present study has been conducted as a cross-sectional study among a convenient sample of health care workers, in King Salman Hospital Riyadh (N=131), during July-August 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data, in both English and Arabic language. The questions were asked under three main domains of the waste management; segregation, transportation and hazard prevention. Result: Out of total 133 study participants, majority of our study participants were nursing staff (77%, 103/133), in the age group of 31-40 years (54%, 72/133) and been working at our hospital for 2-5 years (46%, 61/133). For the survey items, the positive responses ranged from 72%-98%, 81-96% and 81-100% among the segregation, transportation and hazard prevention domains respectively. Conclusion: We have observed a high level of knowledge and awareness regarding hazardous waste management among healthcare workers, reflecting the efforts taken for continuous capacity building.

This study aims to examine, on theoretical grounds, the sensitivity of corporate investment to internally generated cash flow in light of two central explanatory frames: financing constraints and the quality of financial disclosure. First, the study explores the emergence of investment–cash flow sensitivity as a research construct. In this part, we introduce the concept of cash flow sensitivity, then highlight the principal motives behind its emergence, its importance, and its objectives. Second, the study focuses on the role of financing constraints in shaping cash flow sensitivity. In this part, we examine the principles of the financing constraints theory, its implementation through standard empirical proxies, and its main determinants. Third, the paper examines the relationship between financial disclosure quality and investment–cash flow sensitivity. In this part, based on existing research, we clarify the role of high-quality disclosure in mitigating information frictions and reducing the dependence of investment on internal cash flow. Finally, we summarize how financing frictions and disclosure quality jointly shape the conversion of cash flow into productive investment, with consequences for capital allocation and the broader economy.

Necrotizing fasciitis or "flesh-eating disease," is a rare and serious infection that can kill a person in less than a day. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can avoid serious complications that can lead to death. Herein, we report three cases of necrotizing fasciitis of the hand admitted to the emergency department and detail their management, from the diagnosis to the outcome. Before causing death, necrotizing fasciitis causes massive destruction of the soft tissue and bones, even in early diagnosed patients. The diagnosis is challenging, even for orthopedic surgeons. Once it is suspected, "acting fast" is mandatory, and so the orthopedic surgeon should be alerted.

Background: Proper treatment of wounds is crucial, as untreated wounds can potentially become fatal. Ethnomedicinal herbs possess the ability to heal wounds without causing any adverse consequences, unlike chemical medications which are increasingly associated with negative effects. Hydrogels are highly promising and extensively employed in the realm of biomedicine. Hydrogel dressings have made tremendous advancements in their ability to reduce inflammation, effectively addressing many clinical problems encountered in efforts to enhance wound healing. Lupeol, a triterpene phytoconstituent, is present in numerous fruit plants and medicinal plants that have been extensively researched for its potential in treating various ailments, including skin wounds. Objective: The aim of present investigation is to assessed the wound healing efficacy of lupeol loaded hydrogel. Method: A hydrogel was synthesized by combining Carbopol 934 with HPMC polymers in a 1:1 ratio. The wound healing potential was assessed using both the excision and incision models, as well as by measuring the hydroxyproline content. Result: The excision wound study demonstrated that the H1 formulation including lupeol exhibited a substantial outcome that was comparable to the usual treatment. The duration of epithelization was determined to be 18 days. The incision wound model demonstrated that the tensile strength of H1 was much greater than the standard. The current study determined that the hydroxylproline content of formulation H1, which contains lupeol, was measured to be 43.52 +0.42, which is comparable to the standard. Conclusion: The exploration has demonstrated that the formulation has the ability to enhance the activity of wound healing. The discovery indicated that lupeol promotes the formation of new blood vessels, the expansion of fibroblast cells, and the production of cytokines and growth factors that are essential for the process of wound healing.

Climate change is an intensifying force reshaping the global sporting landscape. From elite international competitions to community-level recreation, rising temperatures, extreme weather events and shifting environmental conditions are profoundly affecting how sport is played, organised and sustained. Thus, this paper is an attempt to explore the multidimensional implications of climate change for athletes, competition frameworks and sports infrastructure, highlighting the urgent need for proactive adaptation and mitigation strategies within the sports sector. For athletes, the most direct consequences stem from increased heat exposure and deteriorating air quality. Prolonged training and competition in high temperatures elevate risks of heatstroke, dehydration and cardiovascular strain, while poor air quality impairs respiratory function and recovery. Outdoor sports such as athletics, football, tennis and cycling face heightened physiological demands, altering performance outcomes and increasing health-related withdrawals. Moreover, psychological stressors, including uncertainty about event cancellations and concerns over long-term health, add another layer of burden. Winter sports are particularly vulnerable, with declining snow cover and glacier retreat threatening venues for skiing, snowboarding and bobsleigh. Major events such as the Winter Olympics have already faced logistical challenges to secure adequate snow, prompting a rethinking of host selection and timing. Simultaneously, the carbon footprint of sports infrastructure, particularly energy-intensive arenas and sprawling event campuses, contributes to the very problem it must adapt to. As climate impacts intensify, the world of sport stands at a crossroads: continue business-as-usual while facing escalating disruptions or embrace its role as a catalyst for resilience and sustainability. In short, the choices made today will determine whether sport remains a viable, equitable and inspiring pursuit for future generations.

Digital transformation is reshaping India’s transportation and logistics sector by facilitating data-driven coordination, enhanced visibility, and sustainable supply chain operations. This study analytically examines the impact of digital technologies such as IoT, automation, artificial intelligence, and blockchain on dexterity, explicability, and sustainability in the modernization of India’s logistics ecosystem. Drawing on secondary data, policy frameworks including Gati Shakti, the National Logistics Policy (NLP), and the Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP), along with recent empirical evidences, the study evaluates how digital tools strengthen decision-making, predictive logistics planning, and seamless collaboration among multiple stakeholders. It highlights the pivotal role of government initiatives in accelerating digital adoption and fostering integrated infrastructure development. Additionally, the study underscores several challenges unique to India, such as high implementation costs, fragmented logistics networks, limited digital literacy, inconsistent digital infrastructure, shortage of skilled labor, and regulatory complexities that impede the pace and depth of digital transformation. The findings indicate that while digital transformation presents significant opportunities for improvements in efficiency and sustainability, the challenges associated with its implementation remain unevenly distributed across different firm sizes and regions, particularly affecting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and rural corridors. The study wraps up with the need for strategic alignment, inclusive digitalization, skill development, and policy support to build a resilient, competitive, and sustainable logistics ecosystem in India, while also identifying potential avenues for future research in emerging digital logistics practices.

The current paper is a full statistical study of solar power generation and capacity utilisation using a huge sample (161,864 half-hourly observations) of the photovoltaic grid supply infrastructure in the United Kingdom. The primary goal is to analyse the dynamics in the production of solar energy and compare the effectiveness of using capacity under seasonal and diurnal variations. The information, acquired with the help of the Kaggle open-data platform, represents the data about the actual generation in megawatts (MW), the actual capacity, lower and upper confidence limits of the generation forecast, and the inferred data, such as the percentage of the capacity utilisation, and the range of the prediction interval. The statistical tests on descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc Tukey HSD, and multiple linear regression were done using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results show that the mean solar output varies significantly across the seasons, with the highest mean (M = 1959.49 MW, SD = 2362.23) and lowest (M = 492.23 MW, SD = 1057.79) in summer and winter, respectively. Diurnal analysis indicated the afternoon hours showed the highest generation (M = 2866.20 MW), and low generation in the night (M = 11.17 MW). The overall capacity utilisation was just 10.04, and this implies that the installed photovoltaic infrastructure was not well used. The outcomes present some practical information that may be utilised by grid operators, renewable energy planners and energy policymakers to utilise solar energy optimally in the national power systems.

The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of viral load on Tenofovir (TDF)+Lamivudine (3TC) +Dolutegravir (DTG) (TLD) in PLVAs newly initiated on ART. The study took place at the Psycho Medico-Social Support Center (APMS) in N’Djamena over a period of 12 months. Sociodemographic data and viral load (VL) data were collected using a pre-established form. The VC examination was performed using the BIOCENTRIC molecular biology platform. A total of 120 patients were included in this study. Analyses showed a highly significant decrease in CVs during TLD follow-up (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with a suppressed viral load (CV <1000 copies/m) was 20,8% at M0, 98.3% at M3, 93.3% at M6 and 95% at M12. These results show that the Dolutegravir-based therapeutic line is remains an essential pillar in HIV ART.

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has substantially expanded digital health services in recent years through eHealth platforms such as Sehaty and Wasfaty, aligning with the digital transformation pillar of Vision 2030. Despite this rapid expansion, the uptake of healthcare applications among older adults has remained uneven, with barriers reported in digital literacy, usability, and perceived benefit. Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing older adults' awareness and utilization of healthcare applications and the perceived effect of these applications on quality of life in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was adopted. Data were collected in Jeddah City through an electronic questionnaire distributed in June 2025. The target population consisted of Saudi adults aged 30 years and above. A stratified random sampling technique was used based on age, gender, and education level. Out of 316 distributed questionnaires, 227 were returned (71.8% response rate) and 161 valid responses were retained for analysis. A structured Arabic-language questionnaire comprising four sections was developed and pilot-tested. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlations, and multiple linear regression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.875 to 0.944 across the subscales, with an overall alpha of 0.889 for the 39-item instrument. Results: The final sample (n = 161) was predominantly female (74.5%), aged between 30 and 40 years (60.9%), held a bachelor's degree (62.7%), and was married (81.4%). Awareness of healthcare applications differed significantly by gender, age, education, job title, occupation, and marital status (all p < 0.001). The strongest positive correlates of awareness and utilization were perceived benefit (r = 0.831), perceived ease of use (r = 0.681), and health and ageing issues (r = 0.658). The multiple regression model was significant, R² = 0.727, F(6, 156) = 69.26, p < 0.001. Perceived benefit (β = 0.606, p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor, followed by perceived ease of use (β = 0.193, p = 0.002) and health and ageing issues (β = 0.146, p = 0.013). Conclusion: Perceived benefit and perceived ease of use emerged as the key drivers of older adults' awareness and utilization of healthcare applications in Jeddah City. User-friendly design and clear communication of tangible value are therefore essential to maximize adoption and enhance the quality of life of this growing population.

Despite the growing recognition of the transformative benefits of electronic procurement (e-procurement) systems, their adoption and effective implementation in developing countries, particularly Nigeria, has been considerably slow and uneven. Hence, the effectiveness of E-Procurement systems in enhancing supply chain efficiency in Kogi State, Nigeria, was investigated in this study. The study participant were workers in Kogi State ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs) and questionnaires through electronic platforms/online survey platforms was used to gather data from the respondents, after which the data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software v23. Results from the findings showed that majority of the respondents are procurement officers (81.8%), with 4-6 years working experience (63.6%). Also, 54.5% majority of the respondents stated that the e-procurement system has reduced procurement led time to a moderate extent, whereas more than half of the respondents (54.5%) stated that the e-procurement system has reduced procurement costs to a moderate extent. More also, 63.6 % majority of the respondents stated that e-procurement system significantly enhanced transparency and accountability in their organizations to a large extent. The major challenges usually encountered when implementing e-procurement systems in Kogi State MDAs were found to be lack of proper infrastructure (26.1%) and poor staff training and support (26.1%). Hence, it was recommended that there should be proper strengthening of digital infrastructure, adequate capacity building and training, change in management strategies, and stakeholders’ engagement among Kogi state MDAs, which will improve E-Procurement systems and supply chain efficiency.

Background and Objective: The environment serves as a gateway to many disease conditions, especially when compromised or altered. Bayelsa State is known for its fragile environment, occasioned by crude oil contamination, reckless gas flaring, illegal artisanal oil refining, flooding, and gross lack of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems. These factors have direct correlations with Communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study is therefore designed to establish a verifiable basis for the impact of environmental degradation and contamination on the health conditions of residents in Bayelsa State. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study reviewed this thematic discourse using secondary data and literature sources from search engines and internationally revered publication platforms such as Elsevier, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Francis and Tylor, Springer, and a handful of others. Results: The findings have clearly shown that environmental degradation and contamination have obvious effects on the health conditions of the residents of Bayelsa State. Public health conditions such as infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, malaria, cancer, pulmonary diseases, cardiac diseases, renal failure, infertility, congenital disorders, diabetes, and hypertension topped the list of associated diseases. Conclusion: There is a two-prong approach to resolving the disease proliferations associated with environmental degradation in Bayelsa State. Firstly, there is a need for effective policy directions by the federal and state governments in addressing the issue of environmental degradation using internationally accepted standards sourced locally. Secondly, it is on the side of the citizens to be responsive in ensuring an assurance of an environmentally friendly ecosystem in Bayelsa State.

Background: Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare, delayed complication of cranial irradiation characterized by subacute, potentially reversible neurological deficits and distinctive imaging features. Its diagnosis is particularly challenging in patients with metastatic brain disease, where clinical and radiological findings overlap with tumor progression, radiation necrosis, and seizure-related phenomena. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 43-year-old male with stage IV ALK-positive non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma with extensive brain metastases who developed acute global aphasia and altered mental status following multiple courses of cranial irradiation, including stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole-brain radiation therapy in addition to subtotal resection of a frontal brain lesion. The patient had prolonged systemic disease control with sequential ALK inhibitors but experienced repeated intracranial progression requiring multimodal local therapies. During an acute neurological deterioration in November 2025, neuroimaging demonstrated extensive post-radiation and metastatic changes, and the differential diagnosis included tumor progression, radiation necrosis, and focal status epilepticus. Given the clinical context and imaging limitations, SMART syndrome was suspected. High-dose intravenous corticosteroids led to partial neurological improvement, supporting the diagnosis of radiation-induced cortical dysfunction. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of SMART syndrome in patients with advanced metastatic brain disease and cumulative radiation exposure.

Background: Orthodontic auxiliaries are frequently reused and may act as potential sources of cross-infection if not adequately sterilized. Limited comparative data exist regarding the effectiveness of commonly used sterilization methods for orthodontic materials. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different sterilization and disinfection methods in eliminating microbial contamination from selected orthodontic materials. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro microbiological study evaluated 48 orthodontic samples including NiTi closed coil springs, pre-formed molar bands with buccal tubes, and Class II elastics. Samples were divided into five groups: control, 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and autoclaving. Following sterilization, all specimens were cultured on tryptic soy agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 hours. Microbial growth was assessed visually. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test. Results: All unsterilized samples demonstrated microbial growth. No microbial growth was observed in any samples treated with 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, UV irradiation, or autoclaving. Statistically significant differences were observed between control and treated groups (Chi-square = 8.778, p = 0.003). Conclusion: All evaluated sterilization methods were effective in eliminating microbial contamination from orthodontic materials. Autoclaving and glutaraldehyde immersion are recommended as primary methods, while UV irradiation and ethanol can serve as adjunctive alternatives.

Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and related structures, frequently encountered in dental and medical practice. With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) for health-related queries, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of responses provided by four leading AI platforms Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, ChatGPT, and Meta AI to the most commonly asked questions about TMDs. A set of 45 standardized questions covering definitions, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and management of TMDs was used. Responses from each platform were assessed on a Likert scale (1–20) across four key domains: Understandability, Readability, Credibility, and Contextual Relevance. While all four AI models demonstrated potential as educational tools for patients seeking information about TMDs, their quality and consistency varied. Based on this Likert-scale assessment, the overall ranking was: Google Gemini (1st) > Microsoft Copilot (2nd) > ChatGPT (3rd) > Meta AI (4th).

This work presents an unsteady analysis of the hydromagnetic flow of an exothermic fluid with thermal characteristics through a microchannel. Following the discretization of the partial differential equations, the modelled time-dependent governing equations are solved using the implicit finite-difference technique (IFDM). Graphs depicting the influence of key parameters are created, and the findings are thoroughly described. As the temperature rises due to the exothermic process, the buoyant force frequently overcomes the Darcy resistance. This creates a rise in fluid velocity, especially if the medium is highly permeable. The interconnecting ligaments (pores) significantly improve the fluid-solid contact area over a simple microchannel. Furthermore, it is discovered that varying thermal conductivity has a substantial impact on temperature and hydromagnetic fluid in the microchannel. This study's findings will benefit applications in biomedical and chemical engineering, including catalytic packed-bed reactors, bioreactors, and waste treatment. In these systems, the porous structure functions as both a flow regulator and a thermal stabilizer. Bio-microfluidic systems and heat management in microelectronics, where properties vary fast with temperature, can all benefit from the findings of this study.