Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women that affects both reproductive and metabolic systems and is characterized by insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ICMH, Dhaka (Oct 2022–Sep 2023) included 66 women aged 18–35 years with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), grouped by ovarian volume (>10 cc vs ≤10 cc). Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters—including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, Ferriman–Gallwey score, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR—were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 66 PCOS patients, Group A showed higher BMI (27.49 vs. 26.07 kg/m²) and HOMA-IR (4.83 vs. 3.59; p = 0.012). A strong correlation was found between HOMA-IR and ovarian volume (r = 0.685, p < 0.001). High insulin resistance (≥3.8) was more frequent in Group A (67.6% vs. 21.9%), conferring 7.5-fold higher odds of enlarged ovarian volume (OR = 7.47, 95% CI = 2.48–22.52). Conclusion: PCOS in women is closely associated with overweight, hirsutism, and insulin resistance, which in turn correlates with increased ovarian volume.

The conversion of atmospheric CO₂ into valuable fuels while simultaneously storing renewable energy represents a grand challenge in sustainable energy research. Here, we report the design and fabrication of ultrafast photo-electrocatalytic nanoparticle networks engineered for dual CO₂ reduction and high-energy storage within hybrid quantum materials. The system integrates plasmonic nanoparticles with quantum dots and 2D conductive frameworks, establishing a synergistic interface for rapid charge separation and transfer. Under simulated solar illumination, the networks achieve femtosecond-scale electron mobility, driving selective CO₂ reduction to methanol while concurrently storing charge in quantum-confined domains. This hybrid design bridges photonic excitation and electrochemical storage mechanisms through quantum coupling effects, yielding unprecedented energy densities (up to 420 Wh kg⁻¹) and Faradaic efficiencies above 93%. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm robust electron delocalization across multi-phase junctions, stabilizing catalytic intermediates and preventing recombination losses. These findings reveal a new materials platform capable of simultaneous carbon valorization and renewable energy storage, representing a transformative step toward closed-loop, carbon-neutral energy systems.

Background: Sacubitril/Valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), represents a paradigm shift in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Its robust efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization is well-established. However, as its use becomes ubiquitous, the recognition of rare and serious adverse events is paramount for optimizing patient safety. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male with a complex medical history including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3a), and NYHA Class III HFrEF was initiated on Sacubitril/Valsartan 24/26 mg twice daily. Two weeks post-initiation, he presented with severe bilateral proximal myalgia, profound weakness, and classic tea-colored urine. Physical examination revealed significant muscle tenderness. Laboratory investigations were diagnostic for severe rhabdomyolysis, with a peak creatine kinase (CK) level of 18,540 U/L and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI), evidenced by a rise in serum creatinine from a baseline of 1.4 mg/dL to 2.1 mg/dL. A meticulous workup excluded other common etiologies of rhabdomyolysis, including recent trauma, strenuous exertion, hypothyroidism, and illicit substance use. The patient had been on a stable, long-term dose of atorvastatin without prior incident. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score was 7, indicating a "probable" adverse drug reaction. Management involved immediate and permanent discontinuation of Sacubitril/Valsartan, aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, and close monitoring. A positive dechallenge was observed, with rapid symptomatic improvement and normalization of CK and renal function over the following week. Conclusion: This case provides compelling evidence for Sacubitril/Valsartan as a rare but potent precipitant of rhabdomyolysis, particularly in patients with predisposing factors such as CKD and concomitant statin use. It underscores the critical importance of clinician vigilance, pre-emptive patient education, and the prompt institution of management upon symptom recognition to prevent life-threatening complications like acute renal failure.

Background: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) remains one of the most significant adverse effects of orthodontic treatment, potentially compromising long-term tooth stability. Photo biomodulation (PBM), delivered through low-level laser or light-emitting diode (LED) therapy, has emerged as a biological adjunct proposed to mitigate this phenomenon by modulating cellular metabolism and promoting tissue repair. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM in reducing orthodontic root resorption in human subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled clinical trials published between January 2017 and October 2023. Studies were included if they compared PBM-assisted orthodontic treatment with conventional or placebo protocols and quantitatively assessed root resorption crater volume using three-dimensional imaging. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the overall quality of evidence was evaluated through the GRADE system. Results: Five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 184 participants. Two studies demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in root resorption following PBM application, while three reported no significant difference compared with controls. No adverse effects were observed. The quality of evidence was graded as moderate due to interstudy variability in irradiation parameters, wavelengths, and energy doses. Conclusions: PBM shows promising potential as a safe, non-invasive adjunct to limit orthodontically induced root resorption. However, the heterogeneity of existing protocols precludes definitive clinical recommendations. Standardized, high-quality randomized trials are needed to determine optimal dosimetry and confirm PBM’s preventive and reparative role in OIIRR management.

One of the main tenets of Ho Chi Minh's extensive political and philosophical system is his view of the protection of the people. In addition to reflecting Vietnam's unique cultural and humanistic traditions, it is a creative continuation and expansion of Marxist-Leninist doctrine on revolutionary combat, national independence, and the role of the people in history. From a philosophical standpoint, Ho Chi Minh’s conception of people’s national defense reveals a dialectical unity between politics and ethics, theory and practice, national independence and peace, revolution and humanity. The essence of people’s national defense lies in the view that the people are both the foundation and the decisive force of defense; that defense is not merely a military affair but a political, economic, cultural, and social undertaking involving the entire population. On this basis, Ho Chi Minh established the principle of “all-people defense,” a defense built by the people, for the people, and rooted in the people’s will, solidarity, and moral consciousness. In the present day, Ho Chi Minh's ideas on people's national defense continue to serve as a theoretical and philosophical foundation for Vietnam's national defense strategy. It upholds the human-centered approach to socialist defense, combining material and spiritual power, independence and cooperation, patriotism and international solidarity. Ho Chi Minh elevated the concept of national defense to a moral and humanistic philosophy that transcends time and continues to have profound theoretical and practical value for Vietnam's cause of protecting and developing the nation in the new era.

This paper continues our earlier work on tariff policies and international trade but introduces new theoretical and empirical concepts into the analysis. This version 2.0 is a continuation of the development in the first paper (covering 2018–2024) and concentrates particularly on the three forces that are changing global trade today: geopolitical fragmentation, the development of climate-driven trade instruments, and the increasing push toward digital sovereignty. Increases in tariffs have detrimental effects on exports and imports, and developing economies are especially impacted, which suffer most due to structural weaknesses that hinder their ability to absorb shocks. More importantly, competitiveness and resilience are no longer dependent on tariffs alone. Climate regulations and digital restrictions are becoming significant impediments to trade and are already beginning to determine which nations and firms remain competitive and can best weather disruptions. Resilience against disruptions can be achieved by strengthening regional trade relationships and investing in robust digital infrastructure, although, as crises are converging and escalating and not occurring in isolation, governments are actively restructuring global supply chains to seek friend-shoring and strategic independence.

This study looks at the living philosophy of the Khmer minority in Southern Vietnam, with an emphasis on how traditional ethical frameworks interact with contemporary social transformations. The study uses Theravāda Buddhist principles, communal activities, and philosophical analysis to examine how essential qualities like compassion (karuṇā), mindfulness (sati), and wisdom (paññā) continue to influence moral behavior and social cohesiveness. The study also looks at how modernization, such as education, economic development, and digital media, influences the adaption and reinterpretation of these ideals. Using a hermeneutic and dialectical method, the analysis shows that the Khmer community engages in a dynamic process of value harmonization, combining ancestral wisdom with modern knowledge and practices while maintaining ethical continuity. This research contributes to moral philosophy and intercultural ethics by illustrating a model of ethical resilience and contextualized universality, highlighting how local cultural traditions can adapt creatively to global changes while maintaining philosophical coherence. The findings have practical implications for cultural preservation, education, and community development, emphasizing the role of ritual, intergenerational dialogue, and ethical praxis in sustaining moral identity amidst social change.

Teacher productivity is a critical determinant of educational quality and student success in public secondary schools, yet Baringo North and Kesses sub-counties face notable challenges in this area, as evidenced by multiple reports of teacher underperformance in various sub-counties. This situation not only impairs the learning experiences of students but also undermines broader educational goals and national development initiatives. As the backbone of educational systems, teachers shape knowledge acquisition and significantly influence student outcomes. Higher teacher productivity is widely recognized to correlate with improved student learning achievements. However, numerous reports highlight instances of teacher underperformance in Baringo north and Kesses sub-counties. The study objective was to investigate the selected factors influencing teacher productivity. The theory which guided the study was the job demand resource theory framework. The study used the concurrent mixed method research design (QUANT + qual). The accessible population of the study was teachers, heads of departments, and principals of the selected schools in Kesses and Baringo North sub-counties. The researcher used Nassiuma's (2000) formula to get the sample size. A sample of 125 participants was selected using simple random sampling, and five key informants were selected purposively. The researcher's supervisors and experts from the Department of Educational Foundations assisted in validating the research instruments (questionnaire and interview schedule) by checking the research instrument against the study objectives. Questionnaire piloting was done in Moiben sub-county to test the reliability. A coefficient of .787 was obtained, indicating the reliability of the instruments. Questionnaires were administered to teachers and heads of departments, and key informant interviews (KII) were conducted among principals. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) and inferential statistics (simple linear regression) were used, while qualitative data was analysed using QDA Miner software. A simple regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of selected parameters on teacher productivity. The results obtained were Y=4.199-.0.049. From the regression model, for every unit change in selected factors, teacher productivity changes by -.0449. This shows that increased selected factors lead to decreased teacher productivity. The results were Y=1.590+.666. From the regression model, for every unit change in the factors affecting teacher productivity teacher productivity changes by .666s. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should work to mitigate the factors affecting teacher productivity in both areas. This will significantly contribute to improving the productivity of teachers.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence applications – especially the general public availability of tools produced by Open AI, Google, Anthropic and Meta – have sparked widespread interest and controversy in both academic and popular discourse. Opinion is divided between optimists and pessimists – boomers and doomers – on the potential benefits and harms of the new technology, but there is general agreement that AI tools will have a substantial impact on work, education, science, medicine, entertainment, and general society and culture. In relation to the climate crisis and the need for responses in terms of sustainability changes, AI clearly has the potential to revolutionize efforts in this field, enhancing efficiency and optimizing resource use. However, on the debit side, the huge energy demand of AI development may exacerbate the current state of affairs and result in a disastrous downward spiral of energy overload and environmental degradation. Given these potential dangers, there is a need to locate AI developments within a framework of measures informed by de-growth philosophy which posits that sustainable futures require a re-evaluation of growth metrics, advocating for systems that support ecological balance and social equity. Education at all levels can play a crucial role in integrating AI with a robust and viable sustainability agenda through the fostering of critical thinking and awareness of the sustainability challenges. This article will explore the threats and promises of the new AI developments against the background of sustainability requirements and informed by de-growth strategies before examining ways in which teaching, learning and curriculum may support efforts in this domain.

Postoperative peritonitis (POP) is a serious complication of abdominal surgery, associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome aspects of POP in the visceral surgery department of Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. A retrospective study was conducted on 30 cases collected between January 2020 and December 2024. All patients included had undergone reoperation for confirmed peritonitis following abdominal surgery. The mean age was 47.9 years, with a balanced sex ratio. Major comorbidities included diabetes, obesity, and neoplastic diseases. The predominant causes were anastomotic leakage (43.3%) and visceral perforation (30%). Diagnosis was based on abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and computed tomography (CT). Treatment involved early surgical reintervention, peritoneal lavage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Observed mortality remained significant, influenced by the timing of diagnosis, multiorgan failure, and patient condition. POP remains a major medico-surgical emergency requiring a multidisciplinary approach, early detection, and optimized treatment to improve survival.

Impaction of maxillary permanent central incisors is not a frequently reported case in dental practice, but its treatment is challenging because of its importance to facial esthetics. Early detection of such teeth is most important if complications are to be avoided. We report a case of a 14-year-old male with impacted maxillary central incisors. After correct planning of the case, the impacted central incisors were pulled using a combined approach with surgical exposure and the application of an orthodontic force, restoring the patient's function and aesthetics, with good preservation of the supporting structures.

Sustainable management of fisheries plays a key role in ensuring food security, ecological stability, and socioeconomic sustainability of the world. The conventional methods of monitoring and evaluation are not always sufficient because of the inability to achieve high accuracy, time, and species-specificity. The recent development of molecular and genomic technology has revolutionized the ability to measure, monitor, and preserve aquatic biodiversity in a more precise manner than ever before. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have become the central activities in the dissection of the genetic architecture of fish populations, which has made it possible to identify adaptive traits, as well as population structures, that are important in the management of stocks. The DNA barcoding and environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have transformed the concept of species identification and biodiversity monitoring that enabling non-invasive detection of rare, cryptic, or endangered species. The application of population genetics and genomic selection can again assist in defining the management unit and informing breeding programs that will improve resilience and productivity. Having all these molecular advancements leads to the creation of ecosystem-based management that incorporates genetic information into policy frameworks that enhance conservation, traceability, and sustainability. Fisheries genomics continues to be extended with the integration of the multi-omics platform with the advanced bioinformatics and artificial intelligence that allows predictive and adaptive management strategies to respond to environmental change. All molecular and genomic technologies are a revolutionary direction of sustainable, information-driven fisheries management, which combines the preservation of the ecological environment with human nutritional requirements.

Glomus tumor is a rare hamartoma, most often seen in young females, typically in the subungual region. Extradigital sites like the middle ear are uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific presentation. Glomus tumor is a rare (7%) benign neoplasm arising from the glomus body, a neuromyoarterial structure involved in thermoregulation. We present a rare case of glomus tumor in the middle ear.

Alopecia, defined as thinning or loss of hair, is a condition affecting the hair follicle. Traction alopecia, which is traumatic in nature, mainly results from common hairstyling practices among black women. Conventional treatments, such as minoxidil, have many limitations. This study aimed to formulate hair gels based on pectin extracted from mango and coconut oil, in order to offer a natural alternative for the treatment of traction alopecia. The extracted raw materials were characterized. The pectin gel was prepared at 95°C under agitation at 800 rpm, then dispersed in the lipophilic phase under constant agitation at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain two formulations, B and B'. These homogeneous gels showed instability under centrifugation. Microscopic examination revealed coarse emulsions. Over 28 days, control showed a slight variation in pH, indicating satisfactory microbiological stability. In stability tests at different temperatures, gel B proved stable at 6 ± 2°C, 25 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2°C, while gel B' remained stable only at cold and room temperatures. In terms of rheology, gel B exhibited shear thinning behavior, thixotropic behavior and viscoelastic properties, unlike gel B', which showed predominantly elastic behavior. These results are part of the development of innovative phytocosmetics for the management of traction alopecia in black women.

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are abnormal, epithelialized communications between the posterior vaginal wall and the anterior rectal wall, most commonly resulting from obstetric trauma. They can lead to significant physical and psychological morbidity. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, management strategies, outcomes, and preventive measures in patients with obstetric RVFs treated at HMA Hospital, Marrakech. Methods: A retrospective study of 10 patients with obstetric RVFs managed over a one-year period (November 2023 – November 2024). Data collected included patient demographics, obstetric history, clinical features, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes. All patients underwent transperineal repair using Musset’s technique, with colostomy performed when indicated. Results: Obstetric RVFs accounted for 66.6% of all RVFs operated on in the department. Mean patient age was 29 years; six patients were primiparous. Deliveries occurred at home (3), in maternity centers (3), and hospitals (4). Surgical repair was performed in all patients using Musset’s technique; nine patients received a left iliac colostomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in nine patients. One recurrence occurred in a patient who initially refused colostomy; she was successfully reoperated. Conclusion: Obstetric RVFs predominantly affect the lower two-thirds of the vagina. Surgical repair is highly effective, preventing major complications and facilitating patient reintegration. Prevention through patient education, prenatal care, and improved obstetric services remains essential.