The increasing adoption of renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, has created a need for efficient integration into smart grids. This paper investigates the combination of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with solar energy systems, focusing on real-time monitoring and control to improve system performance and optimize energy utilization. A key component of this system is the bidirectional DC-DC converter, which facilitates smooth energy flow between solar power generation, storage, and the grid. This paper presents an innovative approach that integrates IoT-based monitoring systems with bidirectional DC-DC converters to enhance solar energy management in smart grids. The proposed system allows for continuous monitoring of energy production and consumption, ensuring optimal performance and seamless interaction between the solar energy system and the grid. The system’s performance is evaluated across three main metrics: energy efficiency, communication reliability, and scalability. Results from our evaluation show significant improvements in grid stability, energy management, and cost-effectiveness. The system’s ability to dynamically respond to energy fluctuations and provide real-time data for decision-making positions it as a promising solution for enhancing the performance of smart grids and optimizing solar energy usage. This paper highlights the potential of integrating IoT technologies and advanced power electronics for the future of renewable energy integration.

Globally, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) systems face increasing pressure to address persistent skill gaps while adapting to rapidly changing labor market demands. Despite significant investments in TVET, many countries still face persistent skill mismatches, where graduates lack the technical and soft skills required by industry. This calls for partnerships in capacity building of trainers which is key in equipping learners with industry-relevant competencies. Despite this, there have been limited studies on the influence of partnering in capacity building of trainers on industrial skills development in engineering training in technical vocational education and training institutions in Nairobi County providing a gap for the current study. Thus the study focused on the influence of partnering in capacity building of trainers on industrial skills development in engineering training in technical vocational education and training institutions in Nairobi County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 334 HoDs, course tutors and electrical engineering trainers. The study used Slovin’s formula to calculate the sample size which is 182. The respondents were selected using a multistage sampling process. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire which was piloted for testing reliability and validity. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 package and presented using tables. From the findings, the coefficient of determination (R square) of 0.215 indicated that the model explained only 21.5% of the variation or change in industrial skills development in engineering training. The study findings indicate that partnering in capacity building of trainers significantly influence industrial skills development in engineering training in technical vocational education and training institutions. Therefore, TVET institutions should consider strengthening partnering in capacity building using a policy framework to enhance their potential industrial skills development in engineering training.

It is a general practice to engage in waterbodies with anthropogenic activities, which can alter the physicochemical nature of the water and introduce various types of pollutants. Several types of pollutants are responsible for inducing oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, leading to tissue and nucleic acid damage, and ultimately resulting in significant mortality and economic losses to aquaculture. In the present study, the physicochemical parameters of the anthropogenically involved pond were analyzed for all four seasons (summer, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter). The oxidative stress (DPPH, FRAP, and H202) in two major carps (Labeo rohita and Catla catla) was studied, and the results of oxidative stress in the form of micronucleus development were analyzed to establish the mortality of carps. The lower alterations in physicochemical concentrations were reported in the monsoon season and were maximum in the winter season. The oxidative stress was also reported as maximum in winter and minimum in the monsoon season in both carp. Relative micronuclei have also been reported to be comparatively higher in C. catla than the L. rohita. The findings of the study provide substantive pieces of information not only for the effect of pollutants on fish but also give an idea of the suitability of species for aquaculture.

Global fisheries stand at a critical juncture, grappling with a legacy of overexploitation while facing unprecedented pressures from climate change and increasing global demand. This comprehensive review examines the historical context, current paradigms, and future pathways for fisheries management, arguing that a transition from maximizing yield to building socio-ecological resilience is essential for sustainability. The analysis synthesizes insights across ecological, technological, and socio-economic domains, critiquing traditional single-species approaches and highlighting the emergence of integrated strategies. Key findings reveal that climate change acts as a force multiplier, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities such as stock depletion and habitat degradation, thereby necessitating adaptive and anticipatory management frameworks. Technological innovations, particularly in artificial intelligence, remote sensing, and blockchain, offer transformative potential for monitoring, enforcement, and transparency, yet their implementation is fraught with challenges related to equity, access, and ethical considerations. Socio-economically, the review underscores the failure of top-down governance models and the proven efficacy of collaborative, co-management systems that incorporate community stewardship and equitable benefit-sharing. The synthesis concludes that the future of sustainable fisheries lies in regenerative blue economy systems that actively restore marine capital rather than merely deplete it. This requires transdisciplinary approaches, robust policy integration, and a fundamental revaluation of ocean resources to ensure long-term ecological health and human well-being.

Background: Lack of knowledge and training of Health Care Providers (HCPs) in managing Pediatric Emergencies often lead to increased referral from Subdistrict hospitals, even without prior stabilization. Methods: A Quasi-experimental study done in a Subdistrict hospital in West Bengal, India, to identify the gaps in health care quality and safety as per National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS). Training was arranged for HCPs and the effects on hospital referral rate was analyzed. 18 Emergency Medical Officers (EMOs) and 18 Emergency nurses were included in this study following convenience sampling. Multidisciplinary teams of 6 participants were trained every weekly, from January to June in 2024 on management of common pediatric emergencies. Results: Significant improvement was noted in confidence, knowledge and attitude of HCPs in managing common pediatric emergencies. There has been significant (15%) improvement in NQAS Hospital Score, p value <0.001, decrease in hospital referral rate (9.43% to 6.61%) and mortality rate (2.46% to 1.23%) from January to June 2024.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia and typically managed with insulin. Improved glycemic control often results in weight gain, increasing the risk of comorbid disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and eating disorders (EDs). Eating disorders (ED) are one of the most prevalent mental issues that today's teenagers confront, characterized by a distorted attitude toward weight and form, as well as a distorted sense of body shape. Patients with T1DM are also more prone to anxiety and depression, which may negatively impact metabolic control. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Diabetes Treatment Center (DTC) of Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh. A total of 150 adults with T1DM (aged 14–40 years) participated. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including demographic and clinical variables, the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) for DEBs, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed using SPSS v23. Results: DEBs were reported in 32.0% of females and 25.3% of males, with no statistically significant gender difference. Depression prevalence was 4.0% in females and 1.3% in males. Anxiety was significantly higher in females (16.0%) compared to males (5.3%, p = 0.009). No significant associations were found between DEBs, anxiety, or depression and age, HbA1c, insulin type, BMI, smoking status, or duration of diabetes. Conclusion: Psychological comorbidities are common among adults with T1DM, particularly in females. Anxiety and DEB symptoms affect quality of life and should be prioritized in diabetes care. Routine screening and tailored interventions are recommended.

This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the subtitle translation strategies and their effectiveness in the BBC documentary Earth's Pulse from the perspective of Relevance Theory. As a significant theoretical framework in translation studies, Relevance Theory emphasizes cognitive effort and contextual effects during the translation process, providing robust theoretical support for subtitle translation. This study selects Earth's Pulse as a case study and, through meticulous analysis of its subtitle translations, examines how the translator effectively conveys the original film’s intent while maintaining linguistic fluency and cultural appropriateness. The findings reveal that the translator employed various strategies—such as direct translation, paraphrasing, omission, and addition—to achieve optimal relevance between the source and target texts. These strategies not only ensure that the audience accurately comprehends the documentary’s content but also facilitate communication and integration between Chinese and English cultures. Furthermore, this paper discusses the significance of subtitle translation in documentary dissemination, as well as the applicability and limitations of Relevance Theory in subtitle translation research.

As populations' life expectancies continue to increase, a major concern is whether this extended lifespan includes healthy years and improves the quality of life associated with health in old age. The disease-preventative, well-being-enhancing, and rehabilitative benefits of physical activity are scientifically established and widely acknowledged. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical activity of adults who regularly participated in individual exercise programs in a gym. The participants consisted of 20 men, aged 41.8±10.8 years and 30 women, aged 43±10.4 years. Participants attended gym exercise programs a minimum of three times a week. The evaluation was completed in one week. The TANITAAM-120E accelerometer was used to assess physical activity. The level of physical activity was assessed based on the daily number of steps. Results indicated that the participants' average number of steps per day was lower than the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended 10,000 steps for adults. Physical activity did not vary significantly by gender, although women exhibited a slightly higher step count. The results suggest that mere involvement in exercise programs does not necessarily contribute to achieving the recommended levels of physical activity.

Financial analytics in emerging economies is evolving rapidly with the increasing deployment of Management Information Systems (MIS). These platforms allow businesses, governments, and financial institutions to integrate diverse financial data, generate real-time insights, and apply predictive models to support strategic decision-making. Emerging economies face unique challenges such as limited infrastructure, fragmented data flows, and insufficient digital literacy that often restrict the efficiency and transparency of financial ecosystems. MIS platforms provide a structured approach to overcoming these barriers by enabling automated reporting, reducing human error, and supporting more reliable financial forecasting. This paper investigates the role of MIS-driven financial analytics in advancing transparency, accountability, and sustainability in developing financial systems. Through a review of existing literature, we examine how MIS supports credit scoring, fraud detection, SME financing, and policy formulation. We also propose a methodology that integrates data collection, predictive modeling, and dashboard visualization to improve financial governance and investor confidence. While challenges related to cost, interoperability, and regulatory alignment persist, the broader implication is clear: MIS platforms can serve as foundational tools for inclusive and sustainable financial growth, positioning emerging economies to align with global financial standards.

The apparel and textile industry faces pervasive opacity along its global supply chains, with fragmented data across disparate systems, limited end-to-end provenance, and rising compliance and ethical concerns. We present a comprehensive framework called Blockchain and ERP-Integrated MIS (BE-IMIS) designed to deliver transparent, auditable, and efficient supply chains for apparel and textiles. BE-IMIS combines a permissioned blockchain layer for immutable provenance, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) core for transactional data, and a management information system (MIS) layer for analytics and decision support. The architecture supports GS1-compliant data exchange, IoT/ RFID-enabled traceability, and smart contracts to enforce business rules and certifications. We detail the reference architecture, data model, governance, integration strategy with ERP (e.g., SAP S/4HANA), and MIS tools, and provide an evaluation plan along with preliminary findings from a lab-based pilot. Our contributions include [1] a layered, interoperable architecture for ERP–MIS–blockchain integration in apparel supply chains, [2] a scalable data model and smart contracts for end-to-end provenance, [3] a practical integration blueprint leveraging industry standards, and [4] an evaluation framework to quantify improvements in traceability, data integrity, and audit readiness.

Background: Pain is a complex phenomenon that has been effectively managed through various interventions, including opioid analgesics. However, rising opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction have become major public health concerns, with significant physiological, psychological, and social consequences for patients. This challenge also places a financial burden on the National Health Service (NHS) through repeated admissions, prolonged hospital stays, and increased pressure on healthcare workers. While awareness of the need for opioid education has grown in recent years, its application within acute care settings has received limited attention. Objective: This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effectiveness of opioid education in reducing opioid misuse. It aims to identify evidence-based strategies and key educational topics relevant to safe opioid use. Methods: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search of EBSCOHOST, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase for studies published between 2012 and 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (five RCTs and one proof-of-concept study), involving a total of 601 participants. Three key themes emerged from the findings. Across studies, patient-centered opioid education improved knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions, which in turn reduced opioid consumption and promoted safe storage and disposal practices. Essential educational content included information on side effects, risks of misuse, addiction and abuse, tapering strategies, non-opioid alternatives, and safe handling of opioids. Multimodal approaches were consistently emphasized. Conclusion: Evidence highlights the value of structured opioid education in promoting safer opioid use and reducing misuse across healthcare settings. Further research is warranted to evaluate its effectiveness in acute care contexts and within the UK.

Industrial operations increasingly rely on Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to monitor machine health, process variables, and environmental conditions. This paper presents an end-to-end approach for deploying IoT-driven predictive maintenance dashboards that transform raw sensor streams into actionable maintenance decisions. We describe a scalable data architecture for real-time ingestion, processing, and storage; predictive models for remaining useful life (RUL) estimation and anomaly detection; a health-score framework that synthesizes multiple indicators; and a dashboard design that supports operators, maintenance planners, and line managers. A pilot deployment in a manufacturing setting demonstrates measurable improvements in asset uptime, reduced mean time to repair (MTTR), and more efficient maintenance scheduling. Key contributions include [1] an integrated IoT-to-dashboard framework bridging data science and operations, [2] a modular modeling approach combining time-series forecasting and anomaly detection with interpretable health scores, [3] a dashboard design guided by human factors and decision-support needs, and [4] practical guidelines for data governance, security, and deployment. The results indicate that well-designed predictive dashboards can shorten decision cycles, increase asset availability, and reduce maintenance costs while maintaining data quality and security.

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a well-recognized vascular lesion that primarily affects the skin, following the course of three stages; patch, plaque and nodules. It is strongly associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nevertheless, it is a rare presentation in immunocompetent individuals. Case presentation: A seronegative middle-aged Saudi man with history of nasal Kaposi sarcoma, presents with a recurrent dusky brown nodular lesion on the thigh. Histopathologic examination showed a spindle cell lesion with intervening slit-like vascular spaces that are immunoreactive to HHV8. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma can occur and recur in the setting of HIV-seronegative healthy individuals, whom they present with a nodular vascular skin lesion. We recommend the assessment of HHV8 status in such lesions, despite seronegative HIV status.

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a growing concern in clinical dentistry, particularly in the management of gingivitis and periodontal diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key periodontal pathogen, has demonstrated increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, partly due to efflux pump mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic evidence of efflux pump-mediated resistance in P. gingivalis isolates obtained from gingivitis patients. A total of 48 P. gingivalis isolates were collected from 150 gingivitis patients and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. High resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (70.8%) and erythromycin (58.3%), while lower resistance was noted for ciprofloxacin (31.3%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (25.0%). Phenotypic detection of efflux pump activity was performed using the ethidium bromide (EtBr) cartwheel assay, revealing that 62.5% (30/48) of isolates exhibited efflux activity. The addition of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in 73.3% of these isolates, confirming efflux-mediated resistance. Genotypic analysis via real-time PCR (qPCR) quantified the expression levels of two major efflux pump gene systems, acrAB-tolC and mexAB-oprM, in resistant isolates. High expression (≥5-fold increase) of acrAB-tolC was detected in 60% of isolates, while 40% exhibited high expression of mexAB-oprM. Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between efflux activity and acrAB-tolC expression (Pearson’s r = 0.82, p < 0.001), and a moderate correlation with mexAB-oprM expression (r = 0.65, p = 0.002). Overexpression of acrAB-tolC was significantly associated with tetracycline (p = 0.003) and erythromycin resistance (p = 0.01), whereas mexAB-oprM overexpression correlated with ciprofloxacin resistance (p = 0.02). These findings underscore the critical role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance among P. gingivalis isolates from gingivitis patients. The study highlights the need for alternative therapeutic strategies, such as efflux pump inhibitors, to combat resistance. Further research should explore the clinical applicability of targeting efflux mechanisms to improve treatment outcomes in periodontal infections.

Introduction: KMC has been documented as a safe and effective alternative method of care of low birth weight (LBW) babies in developing as well as developed countries to meet the baby’s need for warmth, breast feeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love; improving maternal confidence and lactation and promoting early hospital discharge. [1] In terms of cost and impact on neonatal survival, it has comparative advantages over the conventional method of care (CMC). [2] But still KMC is not a widely practiced method of care of LBW babies in India. This study aimed at reviewing the evidence concerning the progress of KMC implementation and its health benefits especially in India. Methods: A prospective cohort study including inborn babies with birth weight <1800g with their mothers/ care givers was conducted at SNCU, Medical College, Kolkata over a period of 1 year from January to December 2023. Babies with hemodynamic instability and major congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. Results: 480 LBW (<1800g) babies were followed till discharge or 40 week post menstrual age, which ever was earlier. The babies having KMC had significant reduction of hypothermia (p value 0.03) and incidence of sepsis (p value 0.003). KMC was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of mortality (RR 0.7). KMC group had earlier initiation of breastfeeding (mean difference 3 days), increased rate of daily weight gain (mean difference 5.61 g/day), earlier regaining of birth weight (mean difference 5.22 days) and decrease in duration of hospital stay (mean difference 2 days). Conclusion: This study supports the use of KMC in LBW (<1800g) as an adjunct to conventional neonatal care mainly in resource limited settings. KMC has significant positive impact on initiation and sustaining breast feeding, growth parameters and mother infant bonding.