Background: Cervical cancer is one of the serious diseases that affect women’s lives. Fortunately, cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable disease; early detection has reduced its mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cervical cancer screening is a global public health concern. However, there are misconceptions, stigmas, and poor awareness associated with cervical cancer. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, practice and stigmas, and misconceptions associated with cervical cancer screening in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information about knowledge, attitude, practice and stigmas and misconceptions associated with cervical cancer screening. Results: The study collected data from 400 participants, with a female majority (81.8%). The majority of participants were married (65%), had an undergraduate degree (64%), and fell within the 31-50 age range (43.3%). The results showed that the majority of the participants had heard of a PAP test (61.3%), 58.8% of participants had misconceptions regarding cervical cancer screening. The association between education and knowledge of PAP tests was statistically significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: This study highlights the need for public health interventions to improve knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer screening in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The study recommends public interventions targeted to concern stigmas and misconceptions associated with cervical cancer screening.

Introduction: Up to 25% of healthy adults exhibit cutaneous colonization by Acinetobacter and are the most common Gram-negative bacteria carried on the skin of hospital personnel. They are opportunistic pathogens causes a number of outbreaks of infections but their predominant role is in intensive care units. Such infections are often difficult to treat because of widespread resistance to the major groups of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Various samples were collected aseptically and transported immediately to the bacteriology laboratory. The pathogens were identified by standard laboratory procedures including Gram’s staining, motility, culture, colony characters and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby Bauer method as per the CLSI guidelines. Result: 128 (3.11%) Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from 4112 specimens. Out of these, 72 from general wards and 46 from ICU and 10 from opd. Males (59.37%) are predominant than females (40.62%). The isolates sensitivite to Meropenem (83.59%) followed by Pipracillin-tazobactum (66.41%), Tetracycline (58.59%). Maximum resistance was observed to Cefotaxime (93.75%) followed by Ceftazidime (92.19%) & Cefepime (89.06%). Conclusions: Acinetobacter are the “superbugs” of the modern hospital environment causing significant infections in specific patient populations, especially in patients of ICU which are prone to cause infections due to over use of broad spectrum antibiotics. Awareness to maintain good housekeeping, equipment decontamination, strict attention to hand washing, isolation procedures and control of antibiotic usage, especially in high-risk areas, appear most likely measures to control the spread of Acinetobacter spp. in hospitals.

Background: It has been revealed that low serum magnesium (Mg) is often associated with insulin Resistance (IR), cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known to have a high incidence of insulin resistance. Objective: To assess the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 74 women diagnosed of infertility with PCOS were included in this study. Eligible women who gave their informed consent were allocated into either group A: (Magnesium oxide) or group B (placebo) on the basis of a computerized generated table system allocated into two groups 37 patients (group-A) and 37 patients (group -B). Group A received magnesium oxide & group B received a placebo for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment, both groups were advised to repeat biochemical assay for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, serum testosterone & serum lipid profile at the follow-up visit. Results: Magnesium supplementation for 12 weeks among women with PCOS had favorable effects on waist circumference (changes from baseline in the intervention group: -0.76±3.1 vs. -1.7±1.8 cm in the placebo group) and BMI (-2.13±0.98 vs. -0.32±0.52 kg/m2) compared with the placebo group. Magnesium oxide led to a significant reduction in HOMA-IR (-1.49±0.95 vs. 0.09± 0.29) compared with placebo. Serum triglycerides was significantly decreased (-36.7±53.5 vs. 0.1±17.9 mg/d) in the magnesium group than placebo. HDL level was significantly increased in the magnesium group (2.3±5.9 mg/dl), while HDL level was decreased in the placebo group (-1.7±2.7 mg/dl). Significant mean change of total testosterone in magnesium group (0.43±0.35 ng/dL) than placebo group (-0.01±0.05 ng/dL). However, total cholesterol and LDL were also decreased in the magnesium group than in the placebo group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) compared between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence showing that magnesium supplementation resulted in reduced WC, BMI, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and testosterone levels in women with PCOS. Also, magnesium supplementation might increase serum HDL levels. Though there was a significantly increased pregnancy rate of magnesium supplementation than in a placebo group.

This study examined the effect of oil price volatility on federal government capital expenditure in Nigeria for the period 1993 to 2022 using secondary data from relevant government agencies. The study specifically examine the impact of Brent UK crude oil price volatility, OPEC spot rate crude oil volatility and West Texas Intermediate crude oil price volatility controlling the disruptions of oil subsidy, corruption and inflation on capital expenditure. The research employed an ex-post facto research design to produce results via Bounds test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag regression test. The long run estimate of the model report that Brent UK crude oil price volatility, OPEC spot rate crude oil volatility and West Texas Intermediate crude oil price volatility failed to report significant effect on the federal government capital expenditure in Nigeria. This shows that the oil price volatility is a short run phenomenon, that will fade out in short period, hence the reason for the high speed of adjustment of the error correction term. There is need for federal government in Nigeria to continually monitor crude oil international price and negotiate with OPEC on production output and quota. There is also need to monitor federal government’s capital expenditure pattern and revenues in critical revenue generating agencies. Federal Government should remain committed to sustaining fiscal adjustments by creating fiscal space for capital and infrastructural development.

Female genital mutilation covers all interventions including the partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or any other lesion of the female genitalia that are carried out for non-medical reasons. They can be serious due to the occurrence of complications and sequelae. Our observation was a case of sequellar vaginal stenosisaftergenital mutilation performed 15 years ago. The discovery of the stenosis was linked to a difficulty in being able to consum mate his marriage. The diagnosis of stage III vaginal stenosis was suggested and disinfibulation associated with vaginal dilation was performed.

Telemedicine and remote healthcare have become increasingly important in the healthcare landscape, but they present ethical implications surrounding equitable access to care and patient privacy. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders must address these ethical dimensions and establish guidelines to promote responsible and ethical practices. Investments in broadband infrastructure, affordable technology access programs, and digital literacy education programs are potential solutions to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access to care. Telemedicine and remote healthcare offers advantages such as cost savings, convenient and timely access to care, and improved care coordination but require compliance with data protection laws and regulations to ensure patient safety and quality of care. Adequate time should be allocated to address patient concerns, and patients must be informed adequately about the limitations, benefits, and potential risks of remote consultations or monitoring to uphold patient autonomy and facilitate informed decision-making.

Patients in the intensive care unit are treated with many interventions to keep them on rest. A number of sedatives are used in ICU for this purpose. The main aim of sedation is to control pain. Benzodiazepines are commonly used as sedative agents and adjuvants. Many adverse effects such as CNS depression and respiratory depression have been associated with the use of these drugs. Propofol has satisfactory sedative effects. It can also be combined with other medicines to achieve the required results. Slow heart rate (Bradycardia), low blood pressure (Hypotension), and hyperlipidemia are common effects after the infusion of Propofol. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a suitable drug for sedation in cardiac patients. Less respiratory depression and analgesia are advantages of Dexmedetomidine over benzodiazepines. It can be concluded that the dose of sedatives must keep to a minimum effective level for having safe results for the patient and to make the patient mobilized at the earliest when possible.

Background: Resistance training (RT) for muscle growth (hypertrophy training – HT) theoretically optimizes the mechanical tension placed on the working muscle, which may be key to activating hypertrophic mechanisms. After prolonged HT, specialized weightlifting techniques like drop set training (DS) – or lifting progressively reduced loads without recovery – may help overcome plateaus in strength and re-stimulate hypertrophy, but physiological evidence to potentially support this hypothesis or the efficacy of implementing an acute drop set protocol in comparison to maintaining a standard hypertrophy training program is lacking. Objective: This objective of this study was to assess the levels of plasma growth hormone, and IGF during drop set and concentric exercises. Methods: The study used a randomized controlled, counterbalanced, repeated measures design. A repeated measures design was used to minimize the inter-individual variability of the hypertrophic response to resistance training. Thirty young males participated in a randomized, counterbalanced, within-subjects design, a DS protocol (4 sets, 4 loads/set, 75-30% 1RM, minimal recovery between loads, 3-minute recovery intervals between sets) and, separated by at least 7 days, a HT protocol (4 sets, 75% 1RM, 3-minute recovery intervals between sets). Data was analyzed using a 2 (Training Type: DS, HT, levels of quadriceps muscle hypertrophy) ´ 2 (Time: pre-exercise, post-exercise) repeated measures ANOVA to test the differences in concentrations of IGF-1 and GH during DS and HT at the specified time points. Results: The study found that there was a significant difference in IGF 1 levels before and after the exercise for both groups (Drop set and concentric exercise), with a p-value of .007. The interaction effect between the within-subjects factor (IGF 1 pre and post) and group was also significant. The results showed that there was a significant difference in GH levels before and after the exercise for both groups (Drop set and concentric exercise), with a p-value of < .001. For the Drop set group, GH pre was also significantly lower than GH post. It can be concluded that both the drop set and concentric exercise techniques have an impact on the levels of IGF 1, and GH in the quadriceps femoris. The study recommends that physical trainers and fitness professionals should consider using the Drop set exercise technique in their training programs for clients who are looking to improve their performance.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age closely related to insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia and long term diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The management of PCOS may be challenging on account of the comorbidities associated with the disease. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Levocarnitine supplementation on physical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 to December 2021. Total 78 diagnosed cases of PCOS were selected for medication and were included in this study. Eligible women who gave their informed consent were allocated into either Group A (Levocarnitine) or Group B (Placebo) on the basis of computer generated table. Group A received Levocarnitine and Group B received Placebo for 12 weeks. Then pretreatment and post treatment physical parameters including BMI, waist circumference and biochemical parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR were assessed. Results: Treatment with levocarnitine significantly reduced BMI (-6.00±0.00 vs -0.45±0.07) waist circumference (-4.88±2.85 vs -0.77±0.30) compared with the placebo. In Levocarnitine group, total cholesterol (-38.15±7.33 vs -0.79±27.00 mg/dl), serum triglycerides (-60.00±53.33 vs. -0.33±9.59 mg/d) and LDL (-23.49±1.81 vs. -0.41±0.07 mg/dl) were significantly reduced and HDL level was significantly increased (4.23±1.62 vs 0.41±0.49 mg/dl) compared with the placebo group. Moreover, compared with the placebo, levocarnitine led to a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (-0.49±0.95 vs. 0.09± 0.29). Conclusion: In conclusion, levocarnitine administration led to an improvement in physical parameters including BMI, waist circumference as well as biochemical factors including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL. Insulin resistance was significantly reduced in post treatment patients of Levocarnitine. In contrast, although physical and biochemical parameters improved in the placebo group, the change was not significant.

Annulo-ectasitic disease is a group of disorders with similar phenotypic features, combining aneurysm of the aortic duct and dilatation of the aortic annulus. Its incidence is estimated at 4.5 cases per 100,000. It is the 13th leading cause of death in Western countries. Aneurysms of the ascending aorta are divided into two distinct entities according to etiology and surgical management. Pregnancy and peri-partum are two situations where the risk of aortic dissection is higher, with a more rapid progression of aortic diameters. This risk is directly related to the diameter of the aorta at the beginning of pregnancy, compliance with beta-blocker treatment, and the need for concerted cardiological and obstetric monitoring as soon as the desire for pregnancy is expressed and up to the 2nd month of the peripartum period. The aim of this review is to illustrate, through 02 clinical situations, the difficulties in managing parturient patients suffering from the different types of annuloectasitic disease of the aorta.

This study explores the kinetics of the pyrolysis process applied to chicken manure as an environmentally sustainable waste management technique within the poultry industry. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion method, involves the decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen, yielding biochar, gases, and bio-oil. Experimental runs were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor, varying reactor temperature and heating rate settings. Pyrolytic conversion was determined by weighing the reactor contents before and after each run, allowing for the construction of pyrolytic conversion curves. Through the application of the Coats-Redfern method, the pyrolysis kinetics was determined. It was found that a second-order kinetics model exhibited better agreement with the experimental data than a first-order model, yielding coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.99 to 1.00, compared to 0.94 to 0.97 for the first-order model. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was estimated to fall within the range of 140.4 to 151.2 kJ/mol. Additionally, the pre-exponential factors (A) were found to be significantly high, on the order of 1010 min-1, suggesting a low pyrolytic reactivity. The calculated enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) ranged from 134.1 to 145 kJ/mol. Importantly, the energy barrier, represented by the difference between activation energy (Ea) and enthalpy of reaction (ΔH), was determined to be low at 7 kJ/mol. These findings indicate the potential for efficiently and sustainably valorizing chicken waste through pyrolysis. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into the kinetics and thermodynamics of chicken manure pyrolysis, supporting its adoption as an energy-efficient and environmentally sound waste management strategy within the poultry industry.

This study examined the effects of a pressure gradient that was exponentially increasing or decreasing on the mixed convection flow of viscous reactive fluids in a vertical tube between two concentric tubes with r = 0 and r = b. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the flow formation are solved using the implicit finite difference form where all time differentials were calculated using the forward difference formula, and second order central differences were utilized to approximate the first and second derivatives. The impacts of several physical parameters, including shear stress, the rate of heat transfer, mixed convection, viscous reactive fluid parameter, activation energy, Prandtl number, and exponential decaying/growing pressure gradient on skin friction and Nusselt number were investigated. It's intriguing to see that raising the values of Frank–Kamenetskii (λ), mixed convection (Gre) as well as exponential growing pressure term increases the velocity fluid, However, in the case of exponential decay, the parameter drop also causes the fluid's velocity to diminish. The results also showed that a small bump in the viscous reactive fluid parameter considerably improves the energy profile.

The effect of the plant-derived preparation (Tilia cordata Mill., Thymus kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen., Matricaria chamomilla L.) Imuneo on the immunity indices in chickens vaccinated against avian infectious bronchitis was studied, and the immunostimulatory efficacy was evaluated. In the group of chickens treated with immunostimulants, a significant increase in their immune status was recorded. The immunostimulating effect of Imuneon was determined. Microbicidal and immunostimulating properties of plant-derived Hedalin preparation were studied. The expediency of using immunostimulating drugs in poultry complexes is presented.

The increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to standard anti-malarial drugs has led to a search for new compounds with antimalarial properties. Throughout history, various plants have been used for the treatment of malaria. Gossypium hirsutum, a plant commonly used in Ondo state for malaria treatment, was the focus of this study. The crude extracts of Gossypium hirsutum were evaluated for their anti-plasmodial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. To assess the anti-plasmodial effect, Plasmodium berghei was inoculated into 12 mice divided into four groups, with three mice in each group. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with doses of 200mg/kg.bw and 400mg/kg.bw of the crude plant extract, respectively. Group 3 received 5mg/kg.bw of chloroquine phosphate, while group 4 received normal saline. The analgesic effects were evaluated using the Eddy's hot plate method and the Tail flick method in mice. The anti- inflammatory effect was assessed using egg albumin-induced paw edema in rats. The crude methanolic extracts of Gossypium hirsutum demonstrated activity against Plasmodium parasites and a significant anti-inflammatory effect, suppressing paw edema by 49.7%. Animals administered with the extracts showed increased response time to thermal pain induction in both the hot plate and tail flick methods, similar to the effect observed with the standard drug. The crude plant extract reduced parasitemia in mice by 79.2%, accompanied by a slight but statistically insignificant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) and the weight of treated animals. Overall, the crude extract of Gossypium hirsutum exhibited effectiveness in managing malaria, along with a moderate analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. These findings suggest that the plant contains active compounds with promising antimalarial effects, which could be further isolated and studied.

Herbal medicine has many active constituents for many diseases but the proper knowledge must be necessary for the preparationof herbal formulation otherwise active constituents will be damaged. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) is recognized to be native to tropical Africa and southern India. In South Africa and the West Indies it is known as klip dagga, lion’s ear, Christmas, and candlesticks. Roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, fever, and poisoning whereas seeds are recognized in treating burns, and the whole plant is used for menstrual pains. Present investigation includes examination of morphological and microscopic characters; ash value, extractive values and phytochemical evaluations of various root extract. The purpose of research work to generated information of the standardization parameters of selected plant which helps in herbal formulations, a profound knowledge of the important herbs found in India and widely used in Ayurvedic formulation is of utmost importance.