In search of effective treatment against E. coli there are some conventional medicinal treatments available but it becomes difficult to fight against MDR strains as they are resistant to most of the antibiotics. It was found that Bakreshwar hot spring water has some therapeutic properties against various infections, mostly against skin infections. Bakreshwar hot spring having a pH range of 8.1-8.5 and temperature which varies from 35°-71°C, contains several chemical compounds. Our aim of this work was to study whether Bakreshwar hot spring water can cure infections caused by E. coli in Gallus gallus embryo in relation to their gross appearances and IFN- γ and IL-10 gene expression changes. The sample water was collected around March, 2023. To study the therapeutic activity of Bakreshwar hot spring water, different experimental sets were set up with 14days embryonated eggs. Freshly prepared 0.5Mcfarland E. coli culture was inoculated into the eggs and in curative set, 100µl hot spring water was injected to check any alterations. Allantoic fluid was collected and mRNA was extracted the very next day. cDNA was synthesized from the extracted mRNA. Along with master mixture (primers, nuclease free water, Syber green) the cDNA was run at RT-PCR and CT value was obtained. The mean gene expression shows that IL-10 and IFN- γ both gene expression was decreased in curative set after treatment with water as compared to control sets. These finding suggests that Bakreshwar hotspring water treatment can be a potential method to control E. coli caused infections.

Background: Ureteral stones are a common type of urinary tract stones, accounting for 20% of all cases. The majority of these stones, approximately 70%, are located in the distal ureter. Recent studies have shown that α1- Adrenergic blockers can enhance the spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones. Objectives: This study was done to compare the outcomes of treating distal ureteral stone with Silodosin, an α1- A adrenergic blocker, versus without Silodosin. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients aged between 18 and 50 years, diagnosed with distal ureteral stone, were enrolled in the study, which took place at the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College, from October 2017 to March 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A consisted of 35 patients who were instructed to drink 3 litres of water daily, while Group B received the same instruction and also received Silodosin 8 mg/day. The treatment duration was four weeks, during which patients were monitored weekly through history, serum creatinine levels, X-ray KUB, and ultrasonogram of KUB. The number of stone expulsions, duration of spontaneous stone passage through the ureter, analgesic dosages, and adverse effects were recorded. Results: The higher expulsion rate in Group B (91.4%) compared to Group A (71.4%) (P=0.031). The mean expulsion duration was significantly shorter in Group B (8.94±3.58 days) compared to Group A (13.08±7.26 days) (P<0.00298). Additionally, Group B required significantly lower analgesic dosages (115.71±75.51 mg) compared to Group A (255.71±108.31 mg) (P=0.00001). No adverse effects were observed in Group A, while two patients in Group B experienced adverse effects (retrograde ejaculation and postural hypotension). Conclusion: These results indicate that 8 mg/day of silodosin facilitates the expulsion of distal ureteral stone of about 5 to 10 mm in diameter in the largest dimension and significantly reduces the number of analgesic dosages.

Objectives: The main objective of this work is to determine the factors affecting the failure rate of pancreatic aspiration cytology, in particular the size, location, and nature of the mass as well as the size of the needle, the aspiration site, the number of passages, and realization of Fanning. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the EFD-HGE department at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat from March 2017 to May 2023. 138 patients with a solid or cystic pancreatic mass on imaging were included. A video-linear Pentax-type echoendoscope was used with needles of different gauges: 19G, 20G, 22G, and 25G. Statistical analysis was performed using R software and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The sex ratio F/M was 1.35. The average age was 59 years old. The average tumor size was 40.5 mm. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) under ultrasound-endoscopy (EUS) was positive in 70% of cases: adenocarcinoma in 60% of cases, chronic pancreatitis in 9.33% of cases, neuroendocrine tumor in 8% of cases, solid and pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas in 4% of cases, mucinous cystadenoma with low-grade (LGD) in 1.33% of the cases, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) in 2.66% of the cases, pancreatic tuberculosis in 1.33% of the cases. Normal pancreatic parenchyma without signs of malignancy in 13.33% of the cases. The failure rate of pancreatic fine-needle aspiration was estimated at 30% of cases (inconclusive result). By univariate analysis, we demonstrated that the risk of having an inconclusive fine needle aspiration increases on the one hand by the location of the mass at the head of the pancreas (p = 0.02), the presence of a cystic component (p = 0.01), the infiltrating character of the mass (p = 0.01), and on the other hand by the absence of Fanning (p = 0.03). However, this study did not show a significant correlation with the other factors, in particular the size of the mass, the size of the needle, the site of fine-needle aspiration, and the number of passages. No complications were noted. Conclusion: The failure rate of fine-needle aspiration biopsy was 30%. We demonstrated that it increases by the location of the mass at the head of the pancreas (p = 0.02), the presence of a cystic component (p = 0.01), the infiltrating character of the mass (p = 0.01), and the absence of fanning. An additional study with a larger sample or a multicenter study seems necessary to confirm our results.

Teachers’ job satisfaction has continued to be a call for concern in contemporary society and lack of passion is allege to be responsible for this situation. This study investigated the role of passion in the attainment of teachers’ job satisfaction. One research question guided the study. The correlational research design was used to determine the relationship between the two variables. The targeted population of the composed of 22,133 teachers and 904 principals from 904 schools. The sample constituted 379 respondents derived through the purposive and convenient sampling techniques. The instruments for data collection composed of structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using the frequencies percentages mean and standard deviation while qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. Findings revealed that there exist a correlation between teachers’ passion and job satisfaction. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the government should promote teachers’ passion by adequately addressing teachers’ financial concerns because inadequate remuneration accounted for teacher’s inability to sustain their passion in teaching leading to low job satisfaction.

ان الجريمة وجدت منذ القدم وكان ظلها الذي لم يفارقها هو العقوبة التي استخدمتها المجتمعات البشرية وعلى مختلف تطورها الحضاري كأداة لمكافحتها وقد استمر استخدامها على مدى أجيال عديدة كانتقام من الجاني حتى انها بلغت مستوى من القسوة والشدة والوحشية مما دفع الكثير من المفكرين الاجتماعيين ومنهم المفكرين الجنائيين بصورة خاصة إلى المناداة للحد من هذه القسوة والشدة من ناحية وجعلها من ناحية أخرى وسيلة لاقتلاع القيم الفاسدة من شخصية الجاني الذي انزلق إلى هاوية الجريمة نتيجة عوامل متعددة وغرس القيم الصالحة بدلاً منها لإعادته إلى حظيرة مجتمعه كعضو نافع فيه وقد وجد ذلك ضالته في نظام الأعذار القانونية المخففة الذي أنبثق نتيجة لتطور المجتمعات الإنسانية في سلم الحضارة فقد تطورت وظيفة تلك الأعذار بحيث أصبحت من الوسائل الهامة في التفريد القضائي للجزاء الجنائي بحيث تحقق الانسجام بين النصوص القانونية المجردة وواقع الحياة المتطور مما جعل العقوبة متناسبة مع جسامة الجريمة وظروفها وظروف المجرم بالإضافة إلى التخفيف من شدة وقسوة العقوبة . وبناءاً على ذلك فان القوانين العقابية اخذت تنص على الاعذار القانونية المخففة ومن تلك القوانين قانون العقوبات العراقي رقم 111 لسنة 1969 حيث نظم احكامها في المواد من (١٢٨/129/130/131) . وبناءاً على تلك الاعتبارات نجد أن دراسة الموضوعات الخاصة بالمسؤولية الجزائية وما يتعلق بها من عقوبات وما تطرأ على المسؤولية من اسباب لتخفيفها من الموضوعات المهمة التي يستند اليها القاضي في المحاكم الجزائية في احكامه حيث ان قانون العقوبات العراقي اعطى القاضي في تلك المحاكم سلطة تقدير العقوبة حيث حدد القانون حدین ادنی واعلى للعقوبات وبما ان لكل جريمة ظروفها وملابساتها ودوافعها فالقاضي عند فرض العقوبة يأخذ بنظر الاعتبار تلك الاعذار فقد قيل أنه ليس للقاضي ان يحكم بالعقوبة ذاتها على كل متهم يرتكب جريمة مماثلة للجريمة التي يرتكبها متهم آخر فان الجرائم وان تشابهت بأركانها الا ان لكل جريمة ظروفها الخاصة ومن هذه الامور التي تحيط بالجريمة والمجرم وتؤدي الى إنقاص العقوبة دون حدها الادنى هي الاعذار القانونية المخففة والتي هي على نوعين عامة وخاصة والتي نص القانون على الأخذ بها عند تحققها في الواقعة المنظورة من قبل المحكمة .

إن الفساد ظاهرة عالمية تتعرض لها جميع الدول وعلى مختلف العصور فهي ظاهرة خطيرة من ظواهر السلوك الإنساني التي اقلقت المجتمعات البشرية والحكومية منذ القدم لأنه أصبح وباء يهدد هذه المجتمعات بالاكتساح وعلى نطاق واسع بل هو آفة ذات جذور عميقة تأخذ ابعاداً سياسية واقتصادية واجتماعية وتتداخل فيها عوامل عديدة ويظهر في المجتمعات كافة ولكن بدرجات متفاوتة تختلف من مكان إلى آخر حسب درجة الوعي الديني والاخلاقي ومدى تطبيق الدولة لوسائل الحد من هذه الظاهرة. إن الكثير من المجتمعات قد جاهدة في سبيل التخلص من هذه الآفة المجتمعية التي تعيق التطور و السلام لتلك المجتمعات، كما ان تفشي ظاهرة الفساد المالي والإداري في كل مؤسسات الدولة وعدم وجود رادع حقيقي يقف حائلاً للحد من انتشارها يؤدي إلى أن تتحول الموارد والإمكانات من المصلحة العامة إلى المصلحة الشخصية أو مصلحة فئة قليلة وهي بيدها السلطة أو الثروة اوالاثنين معآ و التي من المفترض أن تكون ملكاً للجميع مما ينعكس على امن وسلامة المجتمع ومستقبل الدولة الاقتصادي والسياسي ويخلف أثاراً سيئة ضارة تعيق نمو الدولة وتكاملها و جرائم الفساد الاداري في عالمنا اليوم تشكل خطراً كبيراً على كل الأصعدة السياسية و الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وكذلك على المستوى الوطني والدولي ومن أجل مكافحتها والقضاء عليها و الحد من انتشارها على أقل تقدير شرعت الأمم المتحدة اتفاقية مكافحة الفساد في العام (2003) التي وقعت عليها غالبية دول العالم و ضمنت في نصوصها آليات معالجة جرائم الفساد الإداري والمالي وكيفية التعامل معها بالعمل على منع جرائم الفساد بانواعها والتحري عنها ويعتبر الفساد بأنواعه المختلفة ومنها الفساد الاداري من أخطر الآفات التي لازمت الحياة الإنسانية بما يتضمنه من تجاوز حدود النطاق القانوني للسلطة وإساءة استخدامها ويحدث الفساد الاداري نتيجة الانحراف عن تأدية الواجبات الوظيفية الرسمية بفعل تأثيرات مادية او غير مادية حيث تتحول الوظيفة من كونها تكليفاً قانونياً وأمانة وطنية مقدسة إلى سلعة يتم المتاجرة بها بيعاً وشراء بممارسة مختلف الاساليب الفاسدة وتحقيق مكاسب ذاتية وشخصية من خلال أساءة استخدام السلطة المخولة وتحقيق المنافع المادية حيث يقوم الموظف بشكل مباشر او غير مباشر على التأثير غير المشروع وغير القانوني على صاحب الحاجة بدفع ما يسمى هدية بشكل غير قانوني من أجل آداء أو الامتناع عن أداء الإجراءات الرسمية فهو ظاهرة من ظواهر السلوك الانساني التي اتفقت الشرائع السماوية والقوانين الوضعية على تجريمه.

Digestive manifestations during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are rarely reported in the literature, in particular, hepato-pancreatic manifestations. We report the case of a patient in whom SLE was revealed by acute hepato-pancreatitis with mixed acute hepatitis, acute pancreatitis fulfilling 2 diagnostic criteria (high lipasemia and Balthazar stage C pancreatitis on the abdominal CT scan). The diagnosis was retained on the ACR criteria. The evolution under corticosteroid therapy and resting of the digestive tract was favorable.

This research sheds light on a Korean personality who had a prominent impact on Korean history, namely, the personality of singman Rhee, so that this research dealls with the study of his upbringing, and how he joined the independence club, then we showed his position on the protestant church and its teachings, and his political activity from 1904 to 1965.

Choice of delivery is as important as getting pregnant for the first time. Delivery could be spontaneous vagina delivery (SVD) or caesarean section (CS). African culture believes in spontaneous vagina delivery which it cannot be compromised. This study is to evaluate the Preferred Method of Delivery Amongst Women of Reproductive Age in South-South, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 260 females who were within the age of 18 to 45 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. Each participant had one questionnaire to fill appropriately and independently after instructions were given to them by the researchers. The study lasted for a period of 6 months. The study revealed that 51.4% of the participants have tertiary level of education, 43.8% had secondary level and 4.8% had primary level of education. 69.5% of the participants were married, 24.8% were single, 1.9% were cohabiting and 3.8% are widow.96.0% are Christian, 3.0% were Moslem and 1.0% were African Traditional Believers. 72.4% of the participants were pregnant and 27.6% were not pregnant. 97.1% of the participants have preferred method of delivery and 77.9% preferred spontaneous vaginal delivery and 22.1% preferred cesarean section. Also, the study revealed the reason why the most of the participants preferred spontaneous vaginal delivery as culture (13.6%), pride (11.4%), religion (20. 8%), cost (32.8%) and fear (16.8%).

The study was conducted to determine absorption of essential and non- essential trace minerals from poultry feed to poultry products. Poultry feed, liver, muscles and egg samples were collected from six poultry farms of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium and Iron were analysed in the samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer. Iron, Lead and Chromium exceeded the permissible limits set by World Health Organization and National Research Council in Poultry feed. Lead was high in liver, breast muscles, thigh muscles, egg albumen and egg yolk. Chromium was found in feed, egg yolk, egg albumen and two (02) of the liver and breast muscle samples. Mercury was not detected in any of the samples. Liver contains significantly higher concentration of detected heavy metals as compared to thigh and breast muscles and egg yolk contained significantly high concentrations of Iron, Cadmium and Lead as compared to egg albumen. Standards requirements for feed manufacturers and poultry farmers should be maintained to monitor and mitigate routes of entry of contaminants in the food chain.

The purpose of this study was to analyse regional economic growth in 6 (six) provinces in Java. The research method uses descriptive analysis, with analysis tools using panel data. The results of this study are 1) Total population, education index and agricultural output have a significant effect while the consumption of electrical energy sources does not have a significant effect on the GRDP of the Province in Java Island; and 2) Unemployment rate, inflation rate, poverty rate and government expenditure have a significant effect on economic growth.

Background: Bordetella pertussis is the causative organism of an acute human respiratory tract disease known as pertussis – an endemic disease globally with reported cases in both developing and developed countries. This study evaluated the anti-bacterial potentials of the crab specie (Goniopsis pelli) extract on bordetela pertussis in Swiss mice. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two (122) animals (Swiss mice) were divided into five groups for the curative treatment study. Groups 1 and 2 were the normal and negative controls respectively, while groups 3 and 5 received (300mg/kg and 600mg/kg) of the extract and group 5 received 4000mg/70kg of erythromycin. Blood and kidney samples were collected on 0, 6th, 12th and 18thday for lipid profile analysis and kidney histological examination. Result: The result shows that Animals exposed to B. pertussis inoculum dose (5.0x105cfu/ml) without treatment caused a decrease in the plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and an increase in the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). However, treatment with Goniopsis pelli extracts reversed the observed effect thereby producing a gradual increase in HDL levels and decrease in triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL levels with no adverse effect on the kidney histology. Conclusion: Goniopsis pelli has the potentials of ameliorating lipid abnormalities and plays a therapeutic role in improving lipid profiles associated with the bacterial infection.

Medicines plays a vital role in day-to-day life. Piling up of medicines in households leads to irrational use of medicines. This study aimed to investigate household medication taking behaviour, reasons of medicines storage in household, disposal practice of unused medication and determinacy of self- medication among family members. Study was carried out in Urban areas of North Karnataka by using interviewer administered questionnaire on 433 household participants. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Among surveyed households, 412 households have at least one unused medication in household which were stored unsafe and in reach of children. Out of 433 study participants (54.5%) were males and (45.5 %) were females. The stored drugs found in household mainly belongs to five categories; Antihypertensive (25.6%), Anti-diabetic (20.6%), analgesics and antipyretics (14.1%), NSAIDs (11.5%) , Anti –biotics (10.2%) . Majority of the drugs (84.7%) were purchased on prescription .96.9% of them are throwing the unused medication in garbage. We found that a significant proportion of the medications were found in the Urban households and had stored unused medication in household for future use and none of those medicines are stored safely and the unused medications were not properly disposed too. Hence there is need to conduct a programme to create necessary awareness among the public regarding storage and safe disposal methods of unused drugs.

During radiological studies and surgeries, the branch architecture of the Axillary artery (AA) is crucial. Variations can complicate the interpretation of radiological data and cause unanticipated surgical complications. In the present situation, an uncommon collateral artery arose from the 1st part of the AA and gave rise to the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) and subscapular artery (SSA) before becoming the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA). The SSA additionally gave rise to the thoracodorsal (TDA) and circumflex scapular arteries (CSA). For safe and effective surgical treatments and to prevent technical failures during catheterization and interventional procedures, it is essential to be aware of these anatomical differences.

We have conducted a research study that covers the period from 2000 to 2020, with the aim of constructing "autoregressive vectors" to investigate the interconnections between Education and Health in Spain. The purpose is to comprehend the advantages of investing in both fields for the betterment of society. Our team obtained data from the World Bank and conducted an analysis to examine the relationship between Education and Health in Spain. Our conclusions indicate that Education and Health are two critical factors that significantly impact the overall prosperity of society in Spain. Education has a strong impact on health as it enhances individuals' knowledge and understanding about health and wellness. On the other hand, health is essential for maintaining stability in education, as a healthy person is able to focus and perform well academically. The two are mutually dependent and have a positive influence on each other. A healthy individual is more likely to pursue education and have better opportunities, while education can result in better health outcomes through increased awareness and access to healthcare. Therefore, investing in both fields is crucial for ensuring a stable and thriving society in Spain. The positive relationship between Education and Health highlights the significance of investing in both fields to attain a higher quality of life for the citizens of Spain. We discovered that Education and Health are positively related in Spain and access to quality education has a positive effect on health outcomes. Good health is also necessary for individuals to perform well academically and complete their education, creating a positive feedback loop between Education and Health.