The present study focuses on the method development and validation for detection of selective elemental impurities in Clarithromycin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Elemental impurities, originating from catalysts, raw materials, or manufacturing processes, can adversely affect product safety and efficacy. Hence, a sensitive and precise analytical method was developed in accordance with ICH Q3D, USP <232>, and <233> guidelines. The optimized ICP-MS parameters ensured accurate quantification of 23 elemental impurities, including Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, Ni, V, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru, Se, Ag, Mo, Sb, Cu, Sn, Cr, Ba, Li, Tl, and Au, in a single analytical run without the need for internal standards. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The method exhibited strong linear correlation (r² ≥ 0.99), recovery within 70–150%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) <20%, satisfying USP acceptance criteria. The Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED) mode minimized polyatomic interference, improving signal stability and reducing analysis time. This validated method proved to be simple, rapid, rugged, cost-effective, and suitable for routine quality control analysis of Clarithromycin API to ensure compliance with elemental impurity regulations and pharmaceutical safety standards.

Background: Full-coverage crowns are a common restorative treatment option; yet, their placement may influence gingival health and tissue response. This study aims to assess the changes in gum health around crowns after placement and at one-year follow-up. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangladesh Medical University, from January 2002 to December 2003. Thirty patients requiring full coverage crowns were included and followed. Clinical parameters like plaque adhesion, probing depth, gingival bleeding, gum recession, and metal margin exposure were recorded at 15 days and one year after cementation. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 with statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: In 30 patients (53.3% male, 46.6% female), no plaque was observed immediately following the placement of the crown, but 33.3% of them exhibited plaque deposition at one-year follow-up (p=0.100). Probing depth, which was 1-1.5 mm in 100% of cases at 15 days, rose to 66.66% with 1-1.5 mm depth and 33.33% with <2 mm depth at one year. Gum recession was not observed initially, but was present in 60% of cases at one year. Metal margin exposure was increased from 0% to 50% at one-year follow-up. Conclusion: The study confirms that gingival tissues accommodate by developing changes after full coverage crown placement, where greater plaque build-up, gum recession, and metal margin exposure were observed at one-year follow-up. Ongoing vigilance and upkeep are unavoidable if the long-term success of crown restorations is to be ensured.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of extremophilic microorganisms, which include halophiles and halotolerants. These microorganisms, able to survive and thrive optimally in a wide range of environmental extremes, are polyextremophiles. In this context, one of the main reasons for studying them is to understand their adaptive mechanisms to stress caused by extreme living conditions. The present study investigated the halotolerance and metabolic responses of five Eurotium species (E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. cristatum, E. montevidense, and E. proliferans) under varying sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0–25%). Fungal growth, medium pH, pigment production (visible light absorbance at 512 nm), fluorescence (254 and 366 nm), organic matter, total nitrogen content, and antimicrobial activity against bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and fungal (Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans) strains were evaluated. All isolates exhibited halotolerant behavior, with maximal growth, organic matter, nitrogen content, fluorescence, and pigment accumulation at moderate salinity (15% NaCl). Antimicrobial activity was strongest at low to moderate NaCl concentrations (0–10%) and absent at ≥15% NaCl, reflecting the inhibitory effect of extreme salinity on secondary metabolite production. The pH of the culture media varied with salinity, generally decreasing under moderate salt stress and increasing at the highest NaCl levels. These patterns indicate that mild osmotic stress promotes both primary and secondary metabolism, whereas severe salinity suppresses growth and bioactive compound synthesis. The study highlights the ecological adaptability of Eurotium species to saline environments and their potential as sources of halotolerant enzymes, pigments, and antimicrobial compounds

Gas turbines (GTs) operating in offshore environments are highly vulnerable to performance degradation from airborne contaminants such as salt aerosols, mist, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. This study develops and validates a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to optimize a multistage inlet-air filtration system for offshore GT applications, complementing prior experimental investigations. A three-dimensional CAD model of a wind tunnel housing six ASHRAE filter classes (F7, H12, E11, E10, G5, F9) was created in ANSYS Design Modeler, and simulations were performed under steady-state and transient conditions using Navier–Stokes, turbulence, and particle transport models. Contaminant mass loadings from 20–100% were evaluated at inlet velocities of 5 m/s and 10 m/s to characterize airflow distribution, static and total pressures, and filtration efficiency. Results revealed peak inlet velocities up to nine times the free-stream value, with mass flow concentration opposite the vertical inflow reaching 8.4 kg/s. Static and total pressures decreased progressively downstream, with the highest pressure drops occurring at 80% contaminant loading, indicating increased flow resistance. Transient analyses showed filtration efficiency degradation over time due to fouling. Model predictions for total pressure drop and volumetric flow rate deviated by ≤10% from experimental data, confirming robustness and accuracy. This work offers validated CFD insights into the complex aero–particle dynamics in offshore GT inlet filtration, providing a predictive framework for optimizing filter design, selection, and maintenance to enhance long-term turbine reliability and efficiency.

Malnutrition is commonly observed in children in developing countries and is a major cause of multiple illnesses. Kwashiorkor in children is characterized by generalized edema and develops as a result of protein-calorie deficiency, whereas marasmus results from calorie and energy deficiency. We report a case of an 11-month-old female infant who presented with fever, cough, and excessive crying for 2 days. She was normal 2 days back, then developed high-grade fever, which is acute in onset, intermittent, relieved by medications, with multiple spikes with kwashiorkor features as idiopathic. The child also presented with hepatomegaly, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and elevated transaminases. Children with kwashiorkor typically have a very low plasma albumin concentration due to protein deficiency.

This study explores the feasibility of producing biodiesel from dehulled orange seed oil, a non-edible agro-industrial byproduct with significant potential as a renewable energy feedstock. The research aims to enhance biodiesel yield through the optimization of transesterification process parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Dehulled orange seeds were processed to extract oil, after which transesterification was carried out using methanol. Five key process factors—reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and agitation speed—were systematically varied based on a central composite design to assess their individual and interactive effects on biodiesel yield. Statistical analysis indicated that all variables influenced conversion efficiency, with methanol ratio and catalyst concentration exerting particularly strong effects. The quadratic model developed showed high predictive accuracy and statistical significance, confirming its suitability for optimization. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as a temperature of 75 °C, reaction time of 150 minutes, catalyst concentration of 5 wt%, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and agitation speed of 350 rpm. Under these conditions, the biodiesel yield reached 95.23%, demonstrating efficient conversion and validating the optimization strategy. The physico-chemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel further complied with standard fuel specifications, underscoring its suitability as a renewable fuel. Overall, the results affirm that dehulled orange seed oil is a viable and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production. The optimized process not only achieves high yields but also adds value to agricultural waste streams, contributing to cleaner energy alternatives and supporting circular bioeconomy initiatives. This study highlights the importance of exploring non-edible oils for biodiesel production to reduce competition with food resources and promote environmental sustainability.

Easterine Kire represents a significant contemporary literary figure from Nagaland, whose writings profoundly explore the intricate social, political, and historical contexts of the Naga community. In Bitter Wormwood, she delves into the complex intersections of history, politics, and trauma, reconstructing Naga identity through lived experience, memory, and acts of defiance. Employing frameworks derived from postcolonial and trauma theory, especially those articulated by Cathy Caruth and Sanjib Baruah, the novel illustrates the profound impact of historical violence, colonial disruptions, and political marginalisation on the formation of Naga consciousness. Kire’s narrative intricately weaves together personal experiences of trauma, creating a shared repository of resilience that connects individual pain to the larger tapestry of communal history. The novel situates the Naga struggle within the broader framework of India’s postcolonial nation-building, examining how marginalised histories contest prevailing nationalist narratives. By re-centring marginalised voices, Kire enacts a form of “history from below,” demonstrating how literature can function as an alternative space for historiography and healing. Recollection, articulated through narrative, manifests as a vital endeavour for survival and ethical restoration, navigating the intricate interplay among trauma, selfhood, and optimism. This research paper examines the representation of personal and collective trauma in Bitter Wormwood, the reconstruction of Naga identity, and the role of literature in safeguarding subaltern histories.

Layered nickelate quantum materials have emerged as a promising platform for unconventional superconductivity. However, their superconducting response remains highly sensitive to lattice defects and carrier inhomogeneity. Conventional defect engineering relies on static chemical doping or strain, which lacks real-time tunability. This work introduces a dynamic and non-invasive strategy based on light-controlled defect engineering to enhance superconductivity in layered nickelates. We demonstrate that targeted optical excitation can reversibly manipulate defect states at the atomic scale. Photo-induced charge redistribution modifies local lattice distortions without permanent structural damage. This process enables controlled tuning of carrier density and electron phonon coupling. As a result, superconducting coherence is strengthened across the layered structure. The approach bridges optical control and quantum material engineering within a single framework. Spectroscopic and transport analyses reveal a measurable increase in critical temperature and superconducting stability under optimized illumination conditions. The enhancement originates from defect reconfiguration rather than thermal effects. Importantly, the induced changes persist over experimentally relevant timescales and remain fully reversible. This behavior distinguishes the method from irreversible chemical techniques. The proposed mechanism establishes light as an active control parameter for superconductivity. It also provides direct insight into the role of defects in nickelate quantum phases. Beyond nickelates, the framework can be generalized to other correlated electron systems where defect dynamics govern emergent properties. This study opens a pathway toward optically programmable superconductors and reconfigurable quantum devices.

The promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is part of the prevention and treatment of diseases in modern medicine. The aim of our research was to study the clinical principles in compiling a diet for patients who are already on drug therapy for a diagnosed disease, guided by the principle of healthy eating. Material and method: we conducted a study motivated by personal experiences on the interaction of drugs and nutrients in diets prescribed for healthy eating in certain diseases, with a special aspect of anticoagulant therapy. The basic principle of the protocol should include the underlying disease, medications for the same, past diseases with a deficit of certain organs in function and an assessment of the existing diet and supplements to prevent drug interactions. Results: More than 30% of people take supplements on their own. Knowledge of the interaction of drugs with supplements and nutrients with medications is of crucial importance for preventing the consequences of their synergistic or antagonistic interaction, of which bleeding is the key and most dangerous. Discussion: Modern management of patients in the perioperative period is crucial to avoid bleeding or thrombosis. The medical team takes into account all possible risks, based on the clinical examination, blood laboratory and possible drug interactions, but there is not always available data on the patients' supplementary therapy, which may be a risk. Conclusion: When recommending the consumption of supplements and diet for a given disease, the possible interaction of the drug and the condition of the organs that may be damaged should be taken into account.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a virtual academy training program in enhancing continuous medical education for family medicine physicians in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Dubai's primary healthcare sector has implemented this virtual training initiative to provide ongoing education and skill development for family medicine practitioners working in primary care centers. A convergent mixed-methods design combined quantitative survey data from 166 participants with qualitative insights from 27 in-depth interviews. The study examined the impact of the training on physicians' knowledge, clinical competence, overall satisfaction, and the key challenges and opportunities in implementing virtual programs. Results showed that 88% agreed that the sessions improved their awareness of the latest practices, and 72.5% were more confident in diagnosing and treating common illnesses. 85.5% reported successfully putting the training skills to work at their clinics. Participants also noticed improvement in handling essential procedures, with 81.3% agreeing. Qualitative analysis reinforced these findings, highlighting the importance of interactive, case-based learning and the need for more hands-on opportunities. Barriers identified included time constraints, scheduling conflicts, and limited direct practice opportunities. The findings indicate that virtual CME is an effective strategy for upskilling family medicine physicians in Dubai. Hybrid learning models, protected learning time, and optimised session design can further enhance its impact. These insights offer practical guidance for healthcare policymakers and organisations aiming to strengthen medical education through digital innovation in the UAE and similar contexts.

Consumers around the world are turning to natural ingredients to enhance flavor and promote health and well-being, as food industry around the globe has seen a surge. The innovative technologies are brought in to ensure that food is available but safe and beneficial to all. Therefore, Nanoencapsulation is gaining much importance in nutraceuticals and encapsulation of food components. Considering the global food security and food safety we must move forward the ultimate sustainable food production, processing, preservation, bioavailability and food packaging techniques, which will assist and gives more economical as well environment friendly results. The main objective of this review is to create understanding for different nano encapsulating techniques, being used by producer to attain more profit and more sustainable products. On the other hand, Encapsulation technique can be used for the protection and controlled release of bioactive compounds towards targeted sides. These encapsulation processes include emulsification, coacervation, freeze drying, super critical fluid techniques, emulsification-solvent evaporation techniques and spray drying. All these processes have somehow limited utilization and exemplification in food industry. The Producer who has capacity to generate more advanced or extra ordinary approach in food industry should not lemmatized to conventional techniques of encapsulation. We cover some advances in encapsulation procedures which are not applicable to food but being utilized in pharmaceutical industry as well. Furthermore, we have given some suggestions to both producers as well as consumer aspect to make better understanding of cooperation in future.

Anticipatory guidance (AG) is a cornerstone of preventive pediatric health care, emphasizing proactive, age-appropriate counseling to prepare parents and caregivers for children’s upcoming developmental, behavioral, and health-related changes. In pediatric dentistry, AG plays a critical role in preventing early childhood caries, promoting healthy oral habits, reducing traumatic dental injuries, and establishing the concept of a dental home early in life. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on anticipatory guidance with a particular focus on pediatric oral health, prenatal counseling, infancy, early childhood, and special health care needs. The review also identifies key domains of AG, historical evolution, clinical applications, and challenges to implementation. By synthesizing evidence from guidelines, policy documents, and empirical studies, this review highlights the importance of anticipatory guidance as an effective preventive strategy and underscores gaps for future research and clinical practice.

Background: Febrile cases represent a major diagnostic and management challenge in tertiary healthcare facilities. Early diagnostic screening has been advised for therapeutic and admission decisions but its practical effect on clinical pathway, and patient outcome is under investigated. This study will assess the impact of early diagnostic screening on clinical care, patterns of hospitalization, and patient-reported outcomes of adults presenting with fever in tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done over a period from January to December 2024 in two tertiary care hospitals, Dhaka. One hundred and twenty successive adult febrile patients (antipyretic cut-off value: ≥38°C) were taken. A structured questionnaire and medical record review were used to gather information on screening, clinical management, hospitalization outcomes, and patient satisfaction. Predictors of hospital admission were determined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: 70.8% of the patients received early diagnostic screening with CBC (82.4%) and rapid antigen tests (58.8%) being performed most frequently. Patients screened were significantly more often admitted (56.5% vs 20.0%, p<0.001) and spent less time in hospital (mean days: 2.8 vs 3.5, p=0,023). Screening results guided treatment in 82.4% of cases. Early testing was an independent positive predictor of admission with aOR=4.85 (95% CI 1.92 — 12.25) in adjusted analysis. Patient satisfaction was much higher in patients screened (88.3% vs 28.6% satisfied, p<0.001). Conclusion: Unstructured, early diagnostic screening results in more targeted therapy and higher rates of admission, yet shorter hospital stays and patient satisfaction. It should be incorporated into febrile illness algorithms with preference in using this pan-malaria primer technology for better patient care, and effectiveness of health system in tertiary hospitals.

Medical humanities, an interdisciplinary field, analyzes illness narratives to study the representation of disease, medicine and medical professionals. Among the illness memoirs, the patient as well as the doctor narratives became popular, as majority of the readers experienced a therapeutic relief of their hidden fears related with disease and death. The victory of modern medicine, challenges faced by the medical professionals and the doctor-patient relationship are the main themes of medical memoirs. The present study focuses on the doctor memoirs and it tries to study how far bioethical concepts have influenced the depiction of medical experience by doctors.

Physician training provides a critical lens for examining the structural strengths, limitations, and ethical orientations of healthcare systems. This commentary reflects on internal medicine training within tertiary settings in Doha [Qatar] and Ottawa [Canada] analyzing how organizational design and sociocultural context influence continuity of care, supervisory accessibility, documentation practices, evidence integration, and equity. Drawing on first-hand clinical engagement, the discussion moves beyond descriptive comparison to interrogate institutional responsibilities toward trainees, particularly the proportionality of educational benefit relative to the financial, emotional, and logistical burdens of international training pathways. By centering trainee narratives, this work underscores experiential insight as foundational to meaningful health system reform. How physicians are trained ultimately shapes clinical competence, ethical integrity, and the humanism of care delivery.