Minerals, metals and gemstones have an affluent history of being employed for their therapeutic qualities once they undergo specific processing procedures. Among these gemstones, Vajra (Diamond) stands out as it is recognized as a Rasayana due to its inherent characteristics. It has been categorized within the realm of Ratna Varga. From a chemical stance, Vajra (Diamond) is renowned as the most resilient mineral found on Earth with carbon being its predominant constituent. This article delves into an exhaustive analysis of Vajra as per classical literature. Multiple classical texts of Rasa Shastra are meticulously examined to provide an extensive account of Vajra, encompassing its Prapti sthaan (Occurrence), Paryaya (Synonyms), Vargikaran (Classification), Karma (Pharmacological properties), Ashuddha Vajra Dosha, its prativisha (antidote), Shodhana (Purification), Marana (Incineration), Matra (Therapeutic dose), Chikitisiya Prayog (Therapeutic indications) and Druti preparation (Liquefaction). While Vajra is commonly used for ornamental purposes, it also finds a distinct role in therapeutic applications after undergoing purification and incineration processes, both internally and externally.

Polyphenolic phytochemicals of Cola nitida, with their potential therapeutic ability can modulate metabolic and transcriptional expression of proteins and enzymatic activities that culminate to hyperglyceamic effects. This study investigated the hyperglyceamic effects of polyphenolic phytochemical extracts of Cola nitida in Wistar rat in-vivo and established a parallel inhibition of the enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) in their activities as the concentration increased. On administration of the extracts, the activity of α-amylase was inhibited from control, 32 ± 0.00 to 16 ± 0.02u/L as the concentration increased. Also, the activity of α- glucosidase was inhibited from 17 ± 0.01 to 10 ± 0.00u/L in relation to the concentration of the extracts. The inhibitory effect of Cola nitida on carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes delayed glucose utilization resulting to elevated glucose concentration from 6.07 ± 0.02 to 9.11 ± 0.01 mMol/L. The composition of the polyphenolic phytochemicals in the Cola nitida analyzed with gas chromatographic techniques was found to contain; apigenin, 6.0 ± 0.01; catechin, 7.1± 0.01; epicatechin, 4.8 ± 0.02; narigenin, 4.9 ± 0.10 mg/100mg and these are the active ingredients of the bioactive compounds that are responsible for the hyperglyceamic effects of Cola nitida.

Poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) effluents arising from vehicular spent petroleum products on highways were assessed. Analysis of this impact on cassava leaves and tubers on highway using the method of AOAC, 1990 revealed xylene to be of highest concentration, 0.1449 and 0.1865mm/g in leaves and roots respectively. Other PAHs analyzed were found to contain as follows: acenapthylene (0.0003 and 0.0312mm/g), phenanthlene (0.0029 and 0.0003mm/g), anthracene (0.0067 and 0.0127mm/g), 1,2-benzathracene (0.0161 and 0.0126mm/g), benzo(k)fluorine (0.0001 and 0.223mm/g) and pyrene (0.0169 and 0.0329mm/g) for leaves and roots respectively. From these findings, the concentration of PAH is highest in cassava roots than leaves and this justifies its hazardous effects on humans. Therefore, environmental monitoring of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in food is imperative in evaluating the possible toxicity of the impact as well as the carcinogenic potential of these compounds to humans via intake.

In recent years, in order to innovate teaching methods and apply information technology to teaching, Hung Vuong University has applied an online teaching and learning model. However, this model has only been widely deployed to all sectors in the school when the nCov-19 epidemic broke out. This is a teaching method commonly applied in universities today. However, to be able to maximize the efficiency and quality of this model is not easy. This article proposes some solutions to improve the quality of online teaching and learning at Hung Vuong University.

The aim of this research are to describe effective steps listening skill teaching of grade first students in University of Siliwangi Tasikmalaya, west java, Indonesia. This research is treatment test again conclusion of research result with title of “Increasing Lecturing Logic-Based Learning Improves Listening Skills” of Agustus 2022.The method used in this study is experimental research. Besides the technique of data collecting was taken by examination and observation. The research held for student in 1st semester of 2022/2023 academic year at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Siliwangi Tasikmalaya. The data were processed quantitatively. The result know that steps listening skills teaching based on the logic model have a positive impact toward student listening skill. To stretcher this research result it is suggested that the research should be followed up and validated by whom in the same profesion.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura is a potentially fatal disease that can be life-threatening. The association with Sjogren’s syndrome is rare entity that deserves special attention. To this end, we report the case of a Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating secondary Sjögren's syndrome. This is a 49-year-old patient with a history of pure nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular lesions (LGM), who developed Sjögren's syndrome two years later. The diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome was retained with an etiological investigation suggesting SS secondary to SLE systemic lupus erythematosus. Six months after the diagnosis of secondary SS, the patient was admitted with headache, ecchymotic and petechial lesions on the upper limbs. The laboratory analysis revealed severe thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anemia with a schizocyte count at 6% supporting the diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy. The ADAMTS 13 activity assay was less than 5% and the anti-ADAMTS 13 antibody test was positive, attesting thus, the diagnosis of acquired TTP complicating SS secondary to SLE. The patient received an emergency blood transfusion of fresh frozen plasma combined with corticosteroid therapy and mycophenolate mofetil. The clinico-biological outcome, at 6 month and 1 year, was favorable with complete remission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of TTP complicating Sjögren’s syndrome in Africa. It highlights the rarity of association between autoimmune disease particulary Sjögren’s syndrome and TTP.

This study used CBCT to examine the greater palatine foramen in Tunisian patients, aiming to provide crucial anatomical information for administering greater palatine nerve block anesthesia and identifying appropriate locations for harvesting palatal donor tissue. A total of 63 CBCT scans were conducted on Tunisian patients. All patients had fully erupted first, second, and third molars, leading to the examination of 100 greater palatine foramina (GPF). The evaluation of the GPFs encompassed their positioning, Antero-posterior (AP) and latero-medial (LM) diameters, as well as their distances from both the midline maxillary suture (MMS) and the alveolar ridge top (ART). The measurements were conducted using the distance measuring tool of Romexis® viewer software. The IBM® SPSS® version 20.0 statistical package was used to carry out all statistical analyses. The study included 100 CBCTs, with participants consisting of 37 males (58.73%) and 26 females (41.27%), having an average age of 34±12 years. Among the 100 GPFs analyzed, 68% were near the third molar, 23% were situated behind it, and 9% were positioned opposite to the second molar. The average AP and LM diameters were 4.64mm (±1.15) and 2.53mm (±0.68), respectively. The mean distances to the MMS and ART were 13.9mm (±1.51) and 11.45mm (±2.09), respectively. Among Tunisian patients, the GPF position is quite variable, seldom found opposite to the second molar, and tends to be in closer proximity to the third molar.

Vitamins are organic substances that the body need; it obtains and absorbs them from plants and animals. Cobalamin, another name for vitamin B12, is a substance that belongs to the cobalamin family. Deficiency of cobalamin affects the heart uses energy, causing arrhythmia and enlargement of the left ventricle, demyelination, causing neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and difficulty walking Apathy, anorexia, irritability, growth retardation, and developmental regression. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. It was determined that B12 is an essential micronutrient for a healthy brain in young people and the elderly. Various conditions are responsible for B12 deficiency. If there is a nutritional shortfall, prompt and appropriate supplementation is required. This supplementation can prevent the damage to nervous system. Deficiency may leads to cognitive decline and vascular risk factors in neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, and heart fail. Some cardiovascular or psychological disorders are related to anxiety, dementia and depression, heart attack which can be improved with B12 supplementation.

Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly characterized by the presence of an accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area of an anterior teeth. This anomaly generally poses problems for the patient in terms of esthetics, caries control and occlusal accommodation. This cases report with mini-review presents a brief classification of talon cusp, summary of published case report worldwide, and a unique occurrence of maxillary talon cusp in a 23-year female and 9-year male patient. The clinical and radiographic findings, along with the management of this rare dental anomaly are discussed.

Ebi Yeibo’s poem The Forbidden Tongue is a powerful example of how Ijaw proverbs and idioms can be used to explore the cultural and historical experiences of the Ijaw people. The poem makes use of Ijaw proverbs and idioms to convey a strong sense of nostalgia for a lost culture and tradition. By analyzing the parables/ idioms of the poem, we can gain a deeper understanding of the poem’s meaning and significance. The poem also raises important questions about the preservation of the heritage. The title of the work is “The Significance of Ijaw Proverbs and Idioms”. The aim of the work is to explore the cultural and linguistic significance of Ijaw proverbs and idioms. The methodology used is literary analysis of Ijaw poems and texts. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of linguistic relativity, which suggests that language influences thought and culture. The contribution to knowledge is a deeper understanding of the role of proverbs and idioms in Ijaw.

World Railways is making significant progress in introducing high-speed trains to fulfil the increasing demands of the traveling public. Massive energy is needed for electric railroads. Many railroads operate their specialized power plants. An energy-storage grid-tied photovoltaic solar plant has been proposed as a strategy to boost the capacity of the rail network grid connection and enable the railway to become self-sufficient. To use the ballast-less rails as energy transporters, The current plan calls for installing solar panels along an HS train network. Ballast-free tracks require very little upkeep, and the space between them provides plenty of surface area for the installation of PV module arrays to harvest solar energy. This generated energy will feed into the main power line by using the concept of an on-grid solar system this energy is not more in numbers to drive the entire traction system, but it helps a lot. From this project we have developed hybrid parallel power sharing for the railway network, under this project the current will be shared in the main power line by matching the grid frequency and voltages. The primary power is solar when it can generate enough electricity. Still, in an abnormal condition, like in the absence of sunlight, the main power continuously feeds electricity without disturbing the traction system.

The integration of professional experience, patient preferences, and the best available evidence has become the cornerstone of evidence-based practice (EBP), which has been widely accepted in the field of healthcare. This review looks at the value of EBP, adoption tactics, implementation obstacles, and how it affects patient outcomes in different hospital settings. This review highlights the significance of EBP in enhancing healthcare quality, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness through an examination of recent literature. It also covers the obstacles to implementing EBP and provides advice on how to get beyond them.

In fact customs are the doorkeeper of international trade. All international trade must the processed by the respective national customs and such a processing takes time. In order to facilitate trade, each party shall adopt or maintain simplified customs procedures for the efficient release of goods, instruments sufficient to cover payment of the customs duties, taxes, and fees its customs authority ultimately applies in connection with importation of the good. There is no doubt that trade facilitation activities have a positive impact for international traders when they are implemented effectively. Streamlining customs formalities for imports, exports, and transit of goods has the multiple benefits of increasing trade activity while reducing bureaucratic red tape and expensive delays for traders as well as lessening administrative costs at the border. Primarily, customs authorities facilitate international trade by overseeing the import and export of goods. They are tasked with enforcing trade regulations, assessing and collecting customs duties and taxes, and ensuring the correct classification of goods according to international nomenclature. Moreover, customs play a crucial role in maintaining security by preventing illegal trade. They implement border control measures to halt the smuggling of illicit goods, such as drugs, weapons, and counterfeit products, thereby contributing to national and international security.

A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression but has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal in which patients and how biologic information can be used to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This lack of progress is partially due to the nature and heterogeneity of depression, in conjunction with methodological heterogeneity within the research literature and the large array of biomarkers with potential, the expression of which often varies according to many factors. We review the available literature, which indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neurotrophic, and metabolic processes, as well as neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system components, represent highly promising candidates. These may be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomic, and neuroimaging assessments. The use of novel approaches and systematic research programs is now required to determine whether, and which, biomarkers can be used to predict response to treatment, stratify patients to specific treatments, and develop targets for new interventions. We conclude that there is much promise for reducing the burden of depression through further developing and expanding these research avenues.

Odontogenic keratocyst is a common and aggressive cystic lesion derived from tooth remnants in the jaw. It is frequently found in the posterior mandible and less common in the maxilla. This report presents a rare case of an odontogenic keratocyst in maxillary sinus which associated with ectopic third molar. Due to its symptomatic resemblance to other maxillary sinus lesions such as sinusitis or antral polyp, pathologists often face challenges in accurately and promptly diagnosing odontogenic keratocyst.