REVIEW ARTICLE | Dec. 13, 2025
Strategic Healthcare Planning in Jazan: Aligning Regional Development with Saudi Vision 2030
Essa Ibrahim Zakari, Awaji Qasem Al-Nami, Liaqat Ali Khan
Page no 509-512 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2025.v10i11.002
Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is a major transformative push for an economy and public services diversification such as in health. This strategic vision of health care in the Kingdom gives emphasis on sustainability, accessibility, and quality in the healthcare delivery systems. Developmentally, Jazan is a fast pace growing area which faces its own specific challenges and opportunities with respect to the provision of health services. This review intends to study the health care planning in Jazan in relation to Vision 2030 which includes key policy issues, infrastructure developments, technology integration, and human resources improvements. It draws conclusions on public-private partnerships (PPPs) for health, digital health initiatives, and strategic interventions to address health issues in the region. By peer reviewing the literature available, government reports, and case studies, this review is presented as an overview of best practices and recommendations for strengthening such systems in Jazan. In conclusion, critical aspects such as healthcare governance, financial investments, and technological advancement have been drummed up, emphasizing the need for Jazan to achieve the extensive healthcare goals set forth under Vision 2030.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 13, 2025
Factors Influencing Donor Deferrals at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), Makkah: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Theoretical Role of Telemedicine in Enhancing Donor Retention
Sami Ahmed Alzahrani, Sultan Mohammed Almalki, Mohammed Ibraheem Alshaik, Mohammed Daifallah Alzahrani
Page no 1204-1209 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2025.v11i12.010
The study aimed to evaluate donor deferrals among individuals presenting for whole blood or platelet apheresis donation at King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah, Blood Bank Department, and to classify deferrals by screening stage. Category 1 deferrals included interview-based reasons such as recent travel to malaria-endemic areas, current medication use, or behavioral risk disclosures. Category 2 deferrals included clinical assessment findings such as low hemoglobin, abnormal blood pressure, and high body temperature. The study also evaluated the theoretical potential of telemedicine to reduce Category 1 deferrals through pre-donation screening. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Blood Bank Department of King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah between January 2023 and December 2024. From 3,029 recorded deferrals, a systematic random sample of 385 deferred donors was selected for analysis. Each deferral was classified according to the screening stage. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used. A total of 385 deferred donors were analyzed. Of these, 260 (67.5%) were classified as Category 2 and 125 (32.5%) as Category 1. Gender was significantly associated with deferral category (χ²(1, N = 385) = 6.128, p = 0.013). Category 1 deferrals were more frequent among male donors (35.2%) than female donors (18.0%). Interview-based factors accounted for 32.5% of deferrals and could be identified in advance through structured remote screening methods such as tele-interviews, reducing the likelihood of unnecessary on-site visits. The study examined the theoretical role of telemedicine as a pre-donation triage tool, emphasizing its potential to decrease avoidable deferrals and strengthen donor retention through targeted early interventions.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 13, 2025
Sustainable Synthesis and Characterization of Plant-mediated Nanobiopesticides and Assessment of their Pesticidal Potential
Zobia Liaqat, Saba Imtiaz, Atiqa Maqbool, Nida Shahzadi, Maria Safdar
Page no 703-720 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2025.v10i11.004
The excessive consumption of chemical pesticides has negative consequences for men, non-target creatures, and the surrounding environment. Pest control tactics are evolving towards biopesticides, which offer a viable and ecologically friendly sustainable approach to the insect challenges. The primary goals of this study are to investigate the potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing pest management through the development of nanopesticides and to address the environmental and health concerns associated with traditional agrochemicals. The main objective of the current research work was to prepare medicinal plants based nanobiopesticides having improved stability, and pesticidal activity by following the method of antisolvent precipitation. Nanobiopesticides showed increased pesticidal activity and might be employed as an effective substitute to conventional chemical pesticides. The antisolvent precipitation process was used to create nanobiopesticides from medicinal plant extracts. Different medicinal plants (Mentha piperita, Lawsonia Inermis, T. Arjuna bark, Withania Somnifera roots and Ocimum basilicum) was used for the formulation of nanobiopesticides. Soxhlet apparatus was used to formulate medicinal plants extract. Different stablizers was utilized until the stable nanosuspension was formulated. The most suitable nanoformulated pesticides was characterized using FTIR, and Zeta sizer. Almost all nanobiopesticides demonstrated the existence of the O-H stretch at 3300 cm which is characteristic of alcohol and carbon-oxygen double bond at 1636.3 cm. Lawsonia Inermis based nanosuspension revealed intense peak at 3317 cm. The average particle size and polydisperity index of Lawsonia Inermis based nanobiopesticide is 228.7 nm and 24.5%. Medicinal plants extracts, nanosuspensions and pyriproxyfen was applied on Tribolium castaneum insects and mortality rate of insects was determined after different time inervals. Lawsonia Inermis plant extract showed highest (p < 0.05) mortality rate after 72 hours of treatment 51.83 ± 0.76 by utilizing 200mg/ml concentration. Results demonstrated that the Lawsonia Inermis nanosuspension had an 61.83% death rate after 72 hours of exposure due to their nanosized structure, which is higher than the plant extract but lower than the synthetic pesticide.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Dec. 13, 2025
Cicero’s Rhetoric as the Foundation of Hermeneutic Presupposition and the Cognitive-Linguistic Approach in Legal Research in the Transformational Legal Moment of Transitions (Such as the Shift from the Republic to the Empire in Ancient Rome)
Oleg Vitalievich Pavlov
Page no 522-529 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2025.v09i12.003
The article examines the rhetorical legacy of Marcus Tullius Cicero as a methodological foundation for contemporary legal research in an era of transformations. It is substantiated that the principles of ancient rhetoric the hermeneutic presupposition and the cognitive-linguistic mechanisms of understanding law retain their relevance during the transition of states to new socio-technological orders. Using the transitional period from the Roman Republic to the Empire as material, the article demonstrates how subjectivism in lawmaking and judicial discretion leads to “norm arbitrariness” and “judicial arbitrariness,” which undermine justice and the predictability of law. A futurological concept is proposed a “symbiosis” between human legal thought and artificial intelligence: the integration of AI into lawmaking and adjudication based on the philosophical doctrines of Stoicism, the rhetoric of Cicero, the ideas of Plato and Aristotle on the supremacy of law, and Ayn Rand’s views on protecting the rights of the individual creator. It is emphasized that only by relying on the logic, humanism, and objectivity laid down by ancient thinkers can AI be programmed to overcome subjective distortions in law and to create an anti-fragile, resilient legal system. The article provides forecasts on how the integration of philosophy and AI can strengthen the rule of law, ensure judicial independence, protect private property, and stabilize rules for economic prosperity, turning lawyers into “architects” of the state of the future. The article is intended for legal theorists, historians of legal doctrines, and specialists in legal technologies interested in the evolution of legal institutions and the influence of AI on law.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 12, 2025
Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative MRI in Predicting Surgicopathological Factors in Early Cervical Cancer
Dr. Jesmin Sultana, Dr. Khairun Nahar, Dr. Liza Tasrin, Dr. Shamim Ara, Dr. Ayesha Siddika Purabi, Dr. Farhana Binty Rashid
Page no 370-379 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sijog.2025.v08i12.001
Background: Accurate preoperative assessment of surgicopathological factors is essential for optimal management of early cervical cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for preoperative staging, but its diagnostic accuracy varies across key pathological predictors. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of MRI in determining surgicopathological factors in early-stage cervical cancer using histopathology as the gold standard. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gynecological Oncology Unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from June 2021 to May 2022. Fifty histologically confirmed early-stage cervical cancer patients undergoing primary radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection were included. Preoperative MRI assessed tumor size, vaginal extension, parametrial involvement, lymph node metastasis, deep stromal invasion, and corpus extension. MRI findings were compared with clinical examination and final histopathology. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated. Results: Clinically, 94% of tumors were <4 cm, and 14% showed vaginal involvement. MRI demonstrated high accuracy for tumor size assessment with sensitivity 97.87%, specificity 100%, and overall accuracy 98%. For vaginal extension, MRI showed sensitivity 71.43% and specificity 100% with accuracy 96%. MRI detected lymph node metastasis with sensitivity 60%, specificity 91.11%, and accuracy 88%. Deep stromal invasion was identified with 72.41% sensitivity and 71.43% specificity. Corpus extension demonstrated sensitivity 55.56%, specificity 93.75%, and accuracy 80%. Conclusion: MRI is a highly sensitive and specific modality for preoperative evaluation of key surgicopathological factors in early cervical cancer. Its strong concordance with histopathology supports its essential role in guiding surgical planning and staging.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Dec. 12, 2025
Simulation-Based Learning Versus Traditional Clinical Experience in Improving Nursing Staff Competencies: A Systematic Review
AS-Shakur Jumdain Hamsinain, MSN, RN, Alman Agga Jumdain, MSN, RN, Mel Jehan Redoble, MAN, RN, Lileth Cao, MSN, RN, Markhipolito Galingana, MAN, RN, Maria Elizabeth C. Baua, DNS
Page no 278-286 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2025.v08i12.001
Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) has become an essential component of modern nursing education, offering learners realistic and risk-free environments to practice essential clinical and decision-making skills. With the increasing complexity of healthcare systems and the growing emphasis on patient safety, nursing educators are seeking innovative methods that effectively prepare students for real-world clinical challenges. Traditional Clinical Experience (TCE), while historically the cornerstone of nursing training, presents several challenges including inconsistent patient exposure, ethical concerns, and variability in supervision. As a result, educators have turned to SBL as a structured, evidence-based approach that enhances clinical competence, self-efficacy, and professional readiness. The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate and synthesize existing research comparing simulation-based learning and traditional clinical experiences in improving nursing staff competencies. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the seven stages of knowledge synthesis in nursing science: formulating the research question, developing a data protocol, implementing a rigorous search strategy, appraising study quality, extracting data, synthesizing evidence, and interpreting findings. Electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 1,676 participants. Results demonstrated that SBL produced superior or equivalent outcomes compared with TCE across the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Specifically, simulation significantly improved students’ self-efficacy, confidence, clinical judgment, and procedural accuracy. Quantitative synthesis revealed large effect sizes favoring SBL for self-efficacy (SMD = 1.93), clinical performance (SMD = 1.62), and confidence (SMD = 1.83). Additionally, qualitative findings highlighted that simulation enhanced learner engagement, reflective thinking, and perceived readiness for clinical practice. However, challenges related to cost, faculty training, and standardization of simulation protocols remain persistent barriers to widespread implementation. This review concludes that simulation-based learning represents a pedagogically sound, effective, and safe educational strategy that bridges the longstanding gap between theory and practice in nursing education. Its structured and controlled learning environment fosters measurable improvements in knowledge, skill performance, and confidence among nursing students. Nevertheless, ongoing research is needed to establish standardized evaluation tools, assess long-term outcomes, and ensure cost-effective scalability. The findings support the integration of simulation-based learning as a core component of nursing curricula, complementing traditional clinical experiences to produce competent, confident, and patient-centered nursing professionals.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 12, 2025
The Tyranny Within: Internalised Ableism and the Female Sleuth in Sreeparvathy’s Violet Pookkalude Maranam
Muhsina Najeeb, Shahla Basheer
Page no 268-274 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sijll.2025.v08i11.002
This article examines how disability and gender intersect in contemporary Malayalam crime fiction through Sreeparvathy’s Violet Pookkalude Maranam (2021), which introduces Aleena Ben John, a wheelchair-using woman, as its central detective. The study situates Sreeparvathy’s work within Kerala’s evolving literary landscape, where disability has rarely occupied a central position in fiction and is often represented through metaphors of dependence, tragedy, or moral burden. Drawing on Fiona Kumari Campbell’s theory of ableism and key insights from Feminist Disability Studies, the article analyses how Aleena’s narrative oscillates between empowerment and internalised shame. While her role as a detective appears to challenge patriarchal and ableist frameworks, her self-perception and limited social agency reveal deep-seated cultural anxieties about the disabled female body. Through a close reading of the novel’s narrative structure and psychological interiority, the article argues that Violet Pookkalude Maranam both expands and constrains the possibilities of representing disabled womanhood in Malayalam literature. By exploring disability not as metaphor but as lived experience, this study contributes to understanding how gendered embodiment and genre conventions shape the politics of visibility and agency in Kerala’s popular fiction.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 11, 2025
Impact of Urbanisation on Groundwater Recharge and Aquifer Vulnerability in Enugu Metropolis, South-East Nigeria
Ordams Emmanuel T, Ogbodo Ugochukwu K, Nwosu, Ikechukwu Christian, Iwuanyanwu, Paschal C, Abdulmumuni Barikisu Momoh, Nwachukwu Martin Chijioke
Page no 594-604 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2025.v10i12.004
Rapid urbanisation in Enugu Metropolis has increasingly altered natural hydrological processes, raising concerns about groundwater sustainability and aquifer vulnerability. This study assessed the impact of urban expansion on groundwater recharge and evaluated the susceptibility of the underlying aquifers to contamination. An integrated approach involving hydrogeological field measurements, laboratory analyses, geospatial land-use assessment, and DRASTIC vulnerability modelling was employed. Land-use/land-cover analysis showed that built-up areas expanded from 18% in 2000 to 52% in 2024, while vegetation cover declined by 31%, indicating significant surface sealing. Groundwater level measurements revealed depths ranging from 9.4 to 28.7 m, with reduced recharge in densely urbanised zones. Estimated recharge decreased from 142–170 mm/year in 2000 to 68–110 mm/year in 2024, representing a 39–52% decline. Hydrogeological analysis showed moderately productive sandstone aquifers with hydraulic conductivity of 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ to 6.2 × 10⁻⁴ m/s and transmissivity values of 15.8–64.3 m²/day. Groundwater quality showed slightly acidic pH (5.2–6.8) and elevated nitrate concentrations (up to 64 mg/L), indicating anthropogenic influence. The DRASTIC model classified 35% of the metropolis as highly vulnerable, 49% moderately vulnerable, and 16% of low vulnerability, with high-risk zones concentrated in Abakpa Nike, Ogui, Emene, Uwani, and Trans-Ekulu. The study concludes that rapid urbanisation has significantly reduced groundwater recharge and heightened aquifer vulnerability in Enugu Metropolis. It recommends improved urban planning, protection of recharge zones, enhanced waste management, and establishment of a groundwater monitoring network to ensure long-term water resource sustainability.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 11, 2025
The Importance of Early Screening for Depression in Elderly Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Hormone Therapy
Serigne Souaibou BA, Bachir Mansour Diallo, Mamadou Sissokho, Marion BUR, Cheikh DIOP, Djiby DIENG, Pape Mansour BASSE, Massamba BA, El Hadji Makhtar BA, Papa Abdoulaye BA
Page no 1194-1199 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2025.v11i12.008
Introduction : Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men over 65. Depression is frequent in this population but remains underdiagnosed, particularly due to atypical clinical presentations, confusion with treatment side effects, and sociocultural perceptions that trivialize the psychological distress of older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the obstacles to screening for depression in older patients treated for prostate cancer, analyze professional perceptions, and identify potential improvements to the care pathway. Methods : A qualitative study incorporating a clinical case of severe depression in a 76-year-old man treated with hormone therapy for prostate cancer, and semi-structured interviews conducted with a university hospital geriatrician and a geriatric psychiatrist. Results: Psychological vulnerability is increased by the cancer diagnosis, the loss of virility associated with treatment, geriatric frailty, and social isolation. Screening practices remain inconsistent: geriatricians used standardized tools, while psychiatrists intervened after the disorder had already developed. Identified obstacles included confusion between depressive symptoms and side effects, persistent taboos surrounding psychiatry, a lack of interdisciplinary coordination, and the absence of institutional protocols. Professionals agreed on the need for a structured screening protocol, targeted training, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Analysis of the literature and professional guidelines reinforced the need to implement a proactive screening approach, particularly at the initiation of hormone therapy. Conclusion : This study highlighted the need for a preventive and integrative approach to identify depression early in this high-risk population. Systematizing screening, adapting tools to the cultural context, and fostering collaboration among professionals working with older adults are essential to improving their quality of life and preventing suicidal complications.
Ta-Khoushaba is a traditional spear technique that forms a significant part of the Thang-Ta martial art of Manipur, originating during the reign of King Khagemba (1597-1654), it evolved from the sacred practice of Thengou to make exercises accessible to the general people. Ta-Khoushaba comprises a series of systematic movements and sequences performed with a spear, symbolizing both physical discipline and spiritual realization. It is classified into various types based on regional and stylistic variations as developed by Gurus. Each sequence, ranging from salutation to symbolic combat action embodies deeper philosophical meanings related to self-control, awareness, and moral development. Beyond its cultural and spiritual dimensions, Ta-Khoushaba enhances lower limb strength, coordination, and cardiovascular endurance, offering significant benefits for physical education and sports science. Future research can focus on its physiological, psychological, and biomechanical impacts, positioning Ta-Khoushaba as a bridge between traditional martial arts and holistic human development.
Cross-border cooperation today is considered as a pivotal element in addressing contemporary challenges such as drugs trafficking, smuggling, terrorism, and transnational organized crimes across international borders. It is believed that no country can unilaterally ensure the security of it borders alone without cooperation between countries that share a common border. The institution of a one stop border post between Cameroon and Nigeria at their joint borders in Ekok and Mfum is considered as a sign of cooperation existing between the two countries. Various legal mechanisms have been developed by International Organisations seeking to advocate for cross-border cooperation as a sine qua non factor in ensuring border security. This paper focuses principally on the World Customs Organization’s concept of Coordinated Border Management which is anchored on cross-border cooperation as a legal mechanism in mitigating customs risks. It examines some practical dimensions of cross-border cooperation between customs administrations and other border agencies at the domestic and across the border, and their possible role towards ensuring border security at Ekok and Mfum. This work concludes that compliance with some of the key principles governing cross-border cooperation such as joint border security patrol, intelligence sharing, joint capacity building, use of common facilities, and memoranda of understanding, information technology, will go a long way to mitigate customs risks. This work employs both a doctrinal research methodology based on content analysis of primary and secondary data, as well as empirical research methodology based on focused group discussion.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Dec. 11, 2025
The Effectiveness of the ICC in Combatting Genocide and Crime Against Humanity Under International Law: A Critical Appraisal
Mbengwe Kingsley
Page no 326-335 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2025.v08i12.004
The international criminal law is a rich and varied subject bearing upon most of the great issues facing individual and international community. The paper aims at examining the role of international criminal court (ICC) in combatting crime against humanity and genocide. The study is designed to assess the parts played by the international criminal court in combating crime against humanity and genocides as well as challenges face by the international criminal court. To achieve this objective, we make use of primary and secondary method of data collection and analysis. Our findings revealed that, the international criminal court is not effective in combatting genocide and crime against humanity due to numerous challenges. Against this backdrop, we therefore, recommend among others that, all nations should subscribe to the ICC Statute and extend their whole-hearted support for the prosecution and related activities of the ICC especially joint investigation to establish evidence of genocides and crimes against humanity as well as diplomatic channels to deter and respond to emerging threats of genocide and crime against humanity. This and others will go a long way in curtailing the weakness of the international criminal court in combating genocide and crime against humanity.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Dec. 11, 2025
The Law as an Instrument in Combatting Illicit Trade: Prospects and Challenges for the Cameroon Customs Administration
George Cherabe Nchomba
Page no 301-316 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2025.v08i12.002
Illicit trade is a global phenomenon that undermines public security, erodes legitimate business activity, jeopardizes public health, threatens biodiversity and ecosystems, and deprives governments of the necessary resources to finance investments projects. International trade law provides an effective legal and enforcement mechanisms to combat illicit trade. This work seeks to examine the role of international trade law adopted by Cameroon at the international, regional and national levels, and their contribution towards combatting illicit trade. At the international level, it focuses principally on international trade law adopted under the auspices of the World Customs Organisation’s Revised Kyoto Convention of 2006 and the SAFE Framework of Standards of 2005. The reason being that the World Customs Organisation’s legal instruments offer a strong framework to combat illicit trade. This paper identifies the various challenges inherent in implementation, and concludes that compliance with the adopted international trade norms can go a long way to combat illicit trade. This work employs a doctrinal research methodology based on primary and secondary sources of data and empirical based on Focused Group Discussion.
Cameroon's legal system is characterized by dual land tenure systems: the customary, which is widely practiced and rooted in traditional norms, and the statutory, which is codified in law. This duality often leads to conflicts, as individuals and communities grapple with competing claims over land rights. The inadequacy of existing legal frameworks to address these disputes effectively results in protracted conflicts, social unrest, and hindered economic development. Worthy of note is that, the settlement of disputes relating to titled lands in Cameroon is stationed by the Land Consultative Board, Common Law Courts (judiciary) and the Administrative Courts. This paper therefore, aimed at exploring the current landscape of land disputes settlement, emphasizing the pressing need for legal reforms and mechanisms that ensure equitable resolution available to individuals and communities. In order to achieve the desired objective, a doctrinal research methodology which involved both primary and secondary sources of data was employed. Against this backdrop, we therefore, recommend that the government should strengthen Dispute Resolution Mechanisms by enhancing the capacity of the Land Consultative Board to handle disputes effectively, providing it with adequate resources and training. The government should also improve access to administrative and common law courts for land dispute resolution, particularly for marginalized groups. This will help bridge the gap between theory and practice concerning the settlement of titled lands in Cameroon.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 10, 2025
Fabrication, Optimization, and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch: As an Alternative and Effective Transdermal Delivery System for Grainsetron HCl
Shani Kumar Srivastava, Manish Kumar Thimmaraju, Jitender K Malik
Page no 1187-1193 |
https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2025.v11i12.007
Aim: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate grainsetron HCl transdermal patches to reduce the problems associated with oral delivery of the drug and enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. Methods: Grainsetron HCl loaded transdermal patch were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Six formulations were prepared based on the two independent variables, type of surfactant and Phospholipid: Edge activator ratio and were evaluated for their vesicle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulations were incorporated into transdermal patches, which were evaluated for physicochemical properties ex-vivo permeation, skin irritancy, and stability studies. Result: Ex-vivo skin permeation study of optimized formulation NEB3 plot of cumulative amount of drug release versus time generate for Permeation studies. From this plot, permeation kinetic parameters such as permeation flux, permeability coefficient and enhancement ratio were calculated. The results showed that NEB3 with 30% w/w had a flux of 174.25±1.04 and released 65.21% in 720 minutes. The results of the in-vivo skin irritation study indicate that the optimized batch NEB3 did not cause significant irritation on rat skin for up to 14 days and was safely used for up to 24 hours. The stability of the optimized formulation (NEB3) was assessed at various temperatures over a period of 30 days. The optimized formulation was assessed for various parameters such as appearance, weight variation, folding endurance, tensile strength, and drug content. The evaluation showed no significant changes in the formulation under room, oven, and cold temperatures. Conclusion: The study concluded that transdermal patches of Grainsetron HCl could be used as a potential approach with effective transdermal delivery for the management of chemotherapy induced vomiting.