Background: H. pylori is a micro-aerophilic, a gram-negative, spiral shaped pathogenic bacterium that specifically colonizes on the gastric epithelium and it is one of the most common human bacterial pathogens in wide world. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances of the various metabolisms, in particular lipid, carbohydrate and protein. Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to determine the profile of lipid markers in T2DM and non-diabetics patients during Helicobacter pylori infection. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period from June to November, 2021. Ninety patients were selected divided into two groups, each subdivided into two subgroups. 44 type two diabetes of mellitus patients and 46 non-diabetic patients were included. Result: In ninety patients, the average age of diabetic patients was 51 ± 11 years old. The average age of non-diabetic patients was 40±15 years old. Out of 90 patients in our study population, we had a predominance of women compared to men and infected women represented 76.47% and men 23.52% of the overall population. H. pylori infection was more common in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. In this current study we have observed the disturbance of the lipid profile to variable degrees in diabetics and non-diabetic patients whose H.pylori infection was positive with p-values less than 0.005. The univariate correlation between H.pylori infection and lipid markers showed that H. pylori were associated with abnormalities including cholesterol LDL, cholesterol HDL and triglycerides in our study population. Conclusion: According to Our study H.pylori infection was linked with disturbances of lipid markers and the univariate showed that the H. pylori was susceptible to increase and to fall down lipid profile.

Herbal based hair dyes are being preferred on large scale; due to vast number of advantages it exerts to overcome the ill effects of a chemical based hair dye. We have attempted to prepare and standardize this preparation to ensure its quality as well as stability aspects. The current research was aimed at the preparation of herbal hair dye and the evaluation of its various parameters as organoleptic, physico-chemical, phytoconstituents, rheological aspects, patch test and stability testing for its efficacy and shelf life. Loss of colour in hair is due to varied reasons like genetic influence, effect of environmental factors of alcoholic preparations etc. Graying of hair is a natural phenomenon attributable to ageing and frequent use of synthetic shampoos which has encouraged application of synthetic dye with the increase in the usage of hazardous chemicals in the process of manufacturing. The main aim of the formulation and evaluation of herbal hair dye is to minimize the side effects of synthetic and semi synthetic hair dye.

The study was carried out to detection of H.pylori in (200) patients who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis done by Immunochromatography methods. Stools and blood samples was taken from each patient as well as other (30) healthy control matching in their age. The study included detection the Levels of Interleukin-40 and CRP in sera of patients and control. The result indicated presence of H pylori antigen in 115 cases 59 cases of males and 51 of females, Also, the result indicated increasing levels of IL-40, cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low density lipoprotein, Very Low density lipoprotein increased significantly while the level of High density lipoprotein decreased in patients sera in comparison with healthy control.

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is a crucial treaty in the realm of international trade, significantly influencing the global exchange of goods. However, due to the complexities of international trade, diverse legal customs and interests across countries, and the obscure wording of the convention, various ambiguities arise in the interpretation and application of certain provisions, particularly Article 42. This paper aims to dissect the legal basis of this article, elucidate its true meaning, and ultimately establish a correct understanding and application approach.

Objectives: To thoroughly evaluate the incidence, outcomes, and associated risk factors of trauma among children attending emergency departments in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A thorough search of pertinent databases was done in order to find studies that satisfied the requirements for inclusion. A thorough search of PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Science Direct was conducted to find pertinent literature. Results: Ten studies, including a total of 2351 children who had various traumas, and 1705 (72.5%) of them were males, were included in our data. Cervical spine injuries occurred mainly due to blunt trauma, and the majority improved. MRI can shorten the time needed to clear the cervical spine and lower the number of injuries that are overlooked. Ocular traumas were reported in two studies, one due to chemical burns and the other due to fireworks. The two mechanisms left permanent complications, such as corneal opacity and limbal stem cell deficiency. Multiple traumas (such as fractures lacerations, burns, and brain injuries) that occurred due to falls, MVA, blunt traumas, and penetrating wounds. Most cases were stable and survived with no significant disability. Conclusion: Even with an increased risk, children rarely suffer serious injuries. Children displayed the many forms of trauma and its associated affective aspects. Ocular traumas held the most serious and life-threatening complications. Because there are many elements that contribute to trauma, it is advised that appropriate interventions and preventive measures be used in order to minimize trauma.

In the 1980s, historical and political changes took place in the United States. Under these circumstances, the radical Americans in the 1960s gave way to a new stereotype—yuppies, who were preoccupied with physical fitness, psychic harmony and successful career with high salaries. In summary, historical and political changes converged to contribute to the emergence of American yuppie culture in the 1980s.

The study examined the incidence of child labour in Rivers State and the implications for students’ educational development. Three objectives with corresponding three research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study consists of 318 public senior secondary schools and 7,000 teachers in Rivers State Senior Secondary Schools board. The study adopted simple random sampling technique and made use of 30 public senior secondary schools and 300 teachers drawn from the three senatorial zones in Rivers State. The instrument used for the data collection was captioned “Child Labour in Rivers State and Implications for Students’ Educational Development Questionnaire (CLRSISEDQ)”. The reliability of the instrument was validated by two measurement and evaluation lecturers in the department of educational foundations in Rivers State University, while mean score was used to analyze the research questions and tables were used to organise the data. The result of the findings revealed that to a high extent various forms of child labour exist among students in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. Also, to a high extent many factors are responsible for child labour among the students and finally to a high extent child labour impact negatively on the students and consequently, the educational development of the state. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others, that government should mandate the law enforcement agencies to arrest and prosecute culprits of child labour and parents should give birth to the number of children they can properly cater for.

Recognizing the variations in root canal morphology is essential for dentists to achieve successful endodontic therapy. Maxillary first premolars typically have two roots, but three root canals can occasionally develop, necessitating proper identification and documentation to avoid missed diagnoses. This study details the diagnostic approach and clinical management of maxillary first premolars with three root canals, as observed in a clinical setting.

Owing to the political, economic and cultural shifts during the 1960s and 1970s in the United States, 1980s welcomed another group of trendsetters——yuppies, with the former tide of hippie movement gradually ebbing away. They characterized themselves by pursuing successful career, enjoying luxurious products and spiritual entertainment so as to deduct their materialism, pragmatism and hedonism in an alternative way.

Introduction: Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a major cause of mortality in patients with renal failure. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, lesional and prognostic profile of UGIB in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center study conducted from September 2017 to August 2023, including all patients with CKD admitted to the emergency department for upper GI bleeding who underwent Esogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The various data were collected from endoscopy registries. Results: Of 662 patients admitted via the emergency department for UGIB, 59 cases of CKD (8.9%) were included, of which 43 cases were at the hemodialysis stage (72.88%). The mean age was 57.17 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio M/F 1.55). Isolated melena was the main reason for admission in 35 cases (59.32%), followed by hematemesis with melena in 9 cases (15.25%), and hematemesis without melena in 10 cases (16.94%), while massive rectal bleeding was present in 5 cases (8.47%). Esogastroduodenoscopy established the etiological diagnosis of UGIB in 40 cases (67.8%) and revealed the following lesions: 25 cases of peptic ulcer (62. 5%):2 cases (8%) of antral gastric ulcer,1 case (4%) of Forrest IIc bulbar ulcer, 12 cases (48%) of Forrest III bulbar ulcer and 10 cases (40%) of ulcerative bulbitis, 12 cases (30%) of gastric and duodenal angiodysplasia, 2 cases (5%) of Los Angelos grade B and C esophagitis and 1 case (2. 5%) of grade II of oesophageal varices ligatured in an unknown patient with portal hypertension. EGD was negative in 32.2% of cases. Conclusion: Upper GI bleeding is common in patients with chronic renal failure and is primarily caused by peptic ulcer disease and angiodysplasia.

Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody typically used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, moderate to severe Crohn's disease, or moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel disease). Ustekinumab mediates the body's T-cell response by acting as an antagonist against interleukin-12 (IL12) and interleukin-23 (IL23). Although rare, the emergence of severe infections or exacerbation/reactivation of existing infections (bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, viral) is possible for Ustekinumab. We report a case of a 29-year-old female patient who was prescribed Ustekinumab for Crohn’s disease management. After the commencement of the drug for two doses she developed Varicella pneumonia with ARDS which was subsequently managed.

Although preeclampsia claims the lives of 70,000 mothers and 500,000 newborns each year worldwide, its origin is still elusive and a number of risk factors such as environmental pollution are not yet addressed properly. In this study, exposures due to the extents of air, water and noise pollution as well as mental stress on preeclamptic patients have been investigated. Using a cross-sectional longitudinal design, 90 women hospitalized with preeclampsia in 7 hospitals of Rajshahi, Bangladesh were considered, of which Rajshahi Medical College Hospital is a tertiary referral hospital. The data were collected by interviewing the patients, physical examinations and merging the patients’ data with British Geological Survey’s groundwater data-sets (n=3,540). For statistical analyses, SPSS software was employed. It was found that most of the patients’ living rooms were within 15 feet from kitchen. Only 10% patients had good room ventilation, while the remaining 90% patients had either moderate or poor room ventilation. Combination of these facts reveals that the preeclamptic patients were subject to moderate CO2 exposure. Since 79% of the preeclamptic patients’ living rooms were below 50 ft from the nearest roads and 84% for 100 ft distance, they would experience noise pollution. Combination of traffic conditions and potential sources of noise pollution revealed that 60% of the preeclamptic patients experienced moderate to intense noise pollution. Groundwater arsenic, calcium, magnesium, iron and sodium concentrations in the patients’ drinking water were higher than WHO guideline values that should favour constipation and mild hypertension. While 70% patients were under high mental stress and 24% under very high mental stress, only 6% patients had moderate mental stress. It is concluded that air, water and noise pollution, and mental stress are potential risk factors of preeclampsia.

Nanotechnology involves producing nanoscale materials with specific properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have potential applications in various fields. Due to toxic chemicals and environmental concerns, green methods using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae have been adopted. An emerging area of nanotechnology is the green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological systems, particularly seaweed extracts. The green synthesis method has synthesized the zinc oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium. The algal extract has greatly reduced the zinc acetate dihydrate salt solution to form zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized zinc oxide (Zn-O) nanoparticles have been confirmed through Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Raman spectroscopy, UltraViolet (UV)- Visible (Vis) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study used Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) to examine the size and shape of the Zn-O nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy and UltraViolet-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Zn-O nanoparticles. The SEM results exhibited a range of 24.4 nm to 83.4 nm. The occurrence of Zn-O nanoparticles was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy with peaks at 276.98 cm-1, 414.67 cm-1, 462.03 cm-1, 514.99 cm-1, and 998.28cm-1 and UltraViolet-Vis spectroscopy with peak at 370 nm. The present study also deals with the qualitative phytochemical constituent analysis using the aqueous extracts of Sargassum ilicifolium. Alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and saponins were analyzed. Anthraquinone, anthocyanin, vitamin C, quinone, and phlobatannins were considered absent in the aqueous extract.

Objectives: To compile the recent literature's findings and shed light on knowledge of healthcare personnel about the use of opioids in pain management. Methods: A thorough search of pertinent databases was done in order to find studies that satisfied the requirements for inclusion. A thorough search of PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Science Direct was conducted to find pertinent literature. Results: Ten studies, including a total of 58,234 participants and 21,769 (37.4%) of them were females, were included in our data. There were notable differences found between the clinical skills of physicians in managing pain and prescribing opioids and their self-perceived knowledge in these areas. Many studies reported that nearly half of the participants had poor knowledge about using opioids for pain management. Physicians with higher clinical knowledge ratings prescribed fewer opioids. Only two studies reported that professionals with advanced degrees were found to have a sufficient level of understanding regarding pain and opiate use. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a lack of and insufficient knowledge about opioids on pain management among healthcare personnel. Prospective investigations ought to concentrate on crafting customized instructional curricula and decision-assistance instruments for primary care practitioners, as well as analyzing the influence of interdisciplinary pain treatment groups on patient results.

Article aims to trace out the beginning of ritual system and nature of performing various rituals in galo society. The society perform numbers of ritual with a view of maintaining balance with nature or to stay away from unwanted incidents and diseases. Traditionally, nyibu is only a person who served as a channel of communication between spiritual world and physical world. Before performing any ritual, nyibu used to study the nature of ritual through chicken liver exam, local grain exam, and egg yolk exam. To gather the desire information, the researcher relies on both primary and secondary sources.