Introduction: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, stands as a pervasive global health concern, often referred to as the "silent killer" due to its asymptomatic nature. The management of hypertension is critical to prevent cardiovascular complications and other associated health risks. This study aimed to observe the long-term effects of olmesartan combined with amlodipine among hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Medicine, Popular Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January, 2023 to December, 2023. In our study, we included 210 hypertensive patients who were divided into three groups: Group A -Patients who received Olmesartan (OM 40 mg), Group B -Patients who received Amlodipine (AML 5 mg), and Group C -Patients who received the combination of Olmesartan (OM 40 mg) and Amlodipine (AML 5 mg). Result: We found the mean age was 52.8 ± 11.3 years. Most of our patients were male (68.10%). The majority of patients in Group B had ≤140⁄90 mmHg blood pressure than the other groups at the end of our study. Patients with ≤130⁄85 mmHg, were higher in Group A. Patients with ≤130⁄80 mmHg blood pressure during the last week of the study were highest in Group C. Drowsiness/dizziness, headache, nausea/vomiting, and stomach /abdominal pain were the most common side effects. Conclusion: In our study, we discovered that Olmevas AM (OM/AML) 40/5 mg was more effective at decreasing blood pressure than either OM (Olmesartan) 40 mg or AML (Amlodipine) 5 mg. There were no unexpected or unusual safety concerns found with OM/AML combo therapy.

This paper sets an examination for the strength of the monetary policy transmission variables in India for the period 2000 to 2019 on the monthly basis. The variables incorporated in the model are Gross Domestic Product, Bank Rate, Wholesale Price Index and Exchange rate. The techniques of Structural Vector Autoregressive Model (SVAR) have been applied to perceive the clear picture of the contemporaneous relationship among the variables, thus providing with the relative importance and strength of each variable within the model. In the first place, all the variables were instituted to be statistically significant. At the same time, WPI and GDP are found to be more prominent, while exchange rate demanding a pivotal change in the working of the banking sector.

Background: The species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial bacterium that increases the risk of multidrug-resistant infections, especially in vulnerable patients. The plant Piper cubeba, commonly referred to as cubeb or tailed pepper, it is specifically cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. The plant belongs to the genus Piper. The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of Piper cubeba extract against different P. aeruginosa strains that could produce biofilm and carry blaIMP gene. Method: Isolates from 85 samples (17 sputum, 40 urine and 28 diarrhea samples). Collected from Al Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital during the period of December 2021 to March 2022. Samples were cultivated using routine cultivation methods, catalase test, oxidase reaction, and the Api20E system were performed to identify P. aeruginosa. Results: Out of a total of 17 isolated samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 (17.64%) were from sputum, 6(35.29%) from urine, and 8 (47.05%) diarrhea samples. Out of 17 isolates 6 were sensitive in stool isolates 4 isolates were moderate sensitive and 7 isolates were resistance. Conclusion at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL for Piper cubeba, respectively, the greatest MBC of plant extracts was noted. Also, all the isolates were capable of producing a biofilm by using presterilized 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates. Out of 17 isolates, 9 had a potent biofilm ability and the remaining 7 were moderate biofilm producers. Additionally, 7 of the isolates (41.17%) carried the blaIMP gene. Conclusion: Piper cubeba extract has potential as an antimicrobial agent against both sensitive and moderately resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This antimicrobial effect becomes more pronounced with an increase in the concentration of the extract. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce biofilms tend to consistently produce more Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), which can further contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The purpose of this study aimed to examine the influence of financial flexibility on the firm value of listed non-financial corporations at the NSE in Kenya from the period 2011 to 2019. Specifically, this study examined the influence of cash holdings; debt capacity; and financing cost restrictions on firms’ value of listed non-financial companies quoted at the NSE. The study further examined the moderating role played by firm size in the association between financial flexibility and firm value of non-finance companies quoted at the NSE in Kenya. The study was underpinned by the free cash flow theory, the trade-off theory and the pecking-order theory. The study adopted a descriptive longitudinal research design and focussed on all the 37 non-financial listed at the NSE as of December 31, 2020. However, firms that were financially distressed as of the time of data collection did not form part of the study. As a result, only 31 firms with 272 firm-year observations formed part of the study. The study utilized panel data that was analysed using panel multiple regression analysis and aided by the STATA statistical package. To ensure the non-violation of statistical assumption and to allow for remedial action when a violation occurred, diagnostic tests were carried out. Hausman specification test results favoured the use of the random-effects model.

Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes offer exceptional mechanical and electrical qualities due to their cylindrical and hollow spherical molecular structures. Their extensive range of applications, which includes field emission displays, impregnated metal composites, battery storage media, and nanoelectronics devices, demonstrates their exceptional adaptability. The combination of simple materials, variable behavior, and simplicity of manufacture makes these materials a focal point of contemporary research. Due to the low bias transmission at a few nanometers, they have a wide range of applications in electronic devices, and finding their potential applications is a complicated process. Due to the fact that the valance and conduction bands are symmetric, they have a straight band gap and can be exploited for optical emission. Three processes, including arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition, can be used to generate carbon nanotubes (CNTs), although chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most used method since it yields CNTs that are more than 98% pure. Multiple chirality of 100% pure MWCNTs results in enhanced optical properties and improved use as a light harvesting material. Using CNT composites and functionalized nanotubes, the dye-sensitized solar cells are constructed. In this brief review, the synthesis of CNT and its application in solar cells are discussed.

This research aims to analyze the role of active portfolios in the Exchange Traded era Funds (ETFs) and to understand the outperformance and underperformance phenomena that may occur in this context. In the era of ETFs, investors have easier access to a variety of investment portfolios that cover a variety of assets and investment strategies. Therefore, it is important to understand how active portfolios perform in this environment. The research method used in this research is the use of Jensen's model Alpha, which is used to measure portfolio performance by taking into account systematic risk factors. Stock price data, ETFs, and market indices will be analyzed to identify outperformance (above average performance) and underperformance (below average performance) of active portfolios. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a deeper understanding of the extent to which active portfolios are able to outperform market indices in the era of ETFs. In addition, this research can help investors and fund managers make smarter and more effective investment decisions in an ever-evolving investment environment. It is hoped that this research will make an important contribution to the understanding of investment strategies in the era of ETFs, as well as provide valuable insight for investors and financial professionals interested in active portfolios.

Hepatic abscess is a suppurative collection developed in a neoformed hepatic cavity as a result of the invasion and multiplication of micro-organisms. The prognosis depends on early diagnosis and rapid treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical, biological, ultrasound and therapeutic characteristics of liver abscesses in children aged between 1 month and 15 years hospitalised in the Paediatrics Ward of the District Hospital in Commune V, Bamako. This was a retrospective descriptive study which took place from January 2017 to December 2020, i.e. a period of 4 years, and a prospective study from January 2019 to December 2020, including all children aged between 1 and 15 years in whom the diagnosis of liver abscess had been confirmed by liver ultrasound. Out of 2756 children hospitalised during the study period from January 2017 to December 2020, i.e. a période of 4 years, 12 patients were diagnosed with liver abscess, i.e. a frequency of 0.43% or 4 cases/1000 admissions, with a female predominance of 58.3%, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.7. The mean age was 57 ± 34 months, with extremes of 16 and 120 months. The main reason for consultation was abdominal pain associated with fever, accounting for 75% of patients. Pus culture was positive for Staphylococcus Aureus in one patient (8%). Amebic serology was positive in 33% of patients. Ultrasound revealed a predominance of single abscesses located in the right lobe of the liver in 42% of patients. However, 92% of patients were cured, with an average hospital stay of 12 days, ranging from 2 to 19 days. Liver abscesses uncommon in our context, an early diagnosis and management can improve the prognosis.

Background: Molecular pathogenesis of CRC represents a major target for understanding and controlling of the disease in the Sudan. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the clinicopathological pattern of CRC in the Sudan with specific emphases in the role KRAS and P53 genes mutations. Methodology: This study was carried out in El-Obeid, North Kordofan state, Sudan, using CRC samples from patients who presented to the Al-Obeid teaching hospital between 2017 and 2022 and had a biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. This series featured everyone who has CRC. Results: The most prevalent CRC subtype is adenocarcinoma, which is followed by mucinous adenocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma, which constitute 74%, 20%, and 6%, respectively. KRAS mutation was found in 40% patients 48% males and 33.3% females). P53 mutation was found in 46% individuals 43.5% men and 48% females. Positive correlations between KRAS and P53 were found in 26% cases, while negative correlations were found in 40% cases. Conclusion: Many CRC patients in Sudan present at advanced stages of the illness and at a younger age, necessitating early screening measures. CRC patients have been discovered to have KRAS, P53, or both mutations. As a result, precise preventative and therapeutic methods are considered essential.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of circuit body weight training on weight loss and Kizami - Gyaku Zuki's punching skills. The sample of 21 karate athletes aged 17 – 20 years consisted of men: -60 kg, -67 kg, -75 kg, -84 kg, height 167 – 178 cm; and women: -50 kg, -55 kg, -61 kg, height 162 – 170 cm. The body weights in this study were adjusted to the 2024 World Karate Federation (WKF) regulations. However, not all samples could fill all weight classes according to the WKF regulations. The training program is carried out for 4 weeks or 12 meetings, with 3 meetings in one week. This exercise is carried out with an intensity of 50 – 70%, number of sets 3 – 5 sets, number of repetitions 14 – 18 times, recovery between posts is 20 seconds, recovery between sets 120 – 180 seconds. The results of this research are that circuit body weight training has an effect on weight loss and kizami - gyaku zuki punches (sig. 0.000 < 0.05). Then the product moment correlation shows a strong relationship, with a sig value. 0.017 (r = -626) means that the more the athlete's weight increases, the kizami – gyaku zuki punching skill decreases. Variables in body weight and kizami - gyaku zuki skills are very important for a fighting athlete, especially kumite, to be able to compete in the specified class. This research can be recommended for athletes who have a short general preparation period, because this program is only carried out for 4 weeks with 3 meetings in one week.

People of reproductive age are frequently affected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder with a range of clinical, hormonal, and metabolic features. The goal of this review paper is to give a thorough summary of the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, aetiology, epidemiology, and treatment options for PCOS. Between 5% and 20% of women in reproductive age worldwide are estimated to have PCOS. This syndrome is widely known for being complicated, involving both environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Common clinical symptoms include irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and an ultrasound that reveals polycystic ovarian morphology. Although there are other sets of diagnostic criteria, including the National Institutes of Health standards and the Rotterdam criteria, a precise diagnosis is still necessary. Those with PCOS are more likely to develop metabolic problems such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. An elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and infertility are among the long-term health consequences. The primary objectives of therapeutic interventions, which are tailored to the patient's presentation and goals and involve both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies, are improvements in hormonal imbalances, metabolic abnormalities, and reproductive outcomes. This study compiles the most recent findings and clinical observations to improve healthcare professionals' comprehension of PCOS.

Among gastric malignancies, lymphomas rank as the second most common type, following gastric adenocarcinoma. The majority of gastric lymphomas are either mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas or diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Primary gastric Burkitt lymphoma, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, represents an exceptionally rare and aggressive malignancy, with only a limited number of reported cases globally. We present the case of a male patient with primary gastric Burkitt lymphoma revealed by digestive hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy and gastric biopsies. The gastric localization of Burkitt's lymphoma is unusual. Our work is a review of the literature on Burkitt's lymphoma in its gastric localization.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery. They are usually found in the stomach or small intestine but can occur anywhere along the GIT and rarely have extra GI involvement. They are associated with high rates of malignant transformation. Most GISTs present asymptomatically but also present with bleeding, abdominal pain, and rarely gastric outlet obstruction. There have been many risk stratification classifications systems which are calculated based on tumour size, mitotic rate, location, and perforation. They are best identified by computed tomography (CT) scan and most stain positive for CD117 (C-Kit), CD34, and/or DOG-1. The approaches to treating GISTs are to resect primary low-risk tumours, high-risk tumours and further treated with imatinib therapy and unresectable tumours treated with neoadjuvant imatinib 400 mg daily followed by surgical resection and regular follow up by abdominal CT scan.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating annual grass which is cultivated as staple crop widely cultivated in the world belong to the family poaceae. Wheat plays a vital role in human and animal nutrition because it is a major source of carbohydrates. Drought is a generally prolonged period of dryness which creates significant damage to crops and prevents their effective growth. It can also refer to a prolonged period of extremely low precipitation, especially one that has a negative impact on growing or living conditions. The nutritional and versatile value of wheat grain recognizes it so important that it can be refined into semolina, flour, and other products such as cookies, bread, pastries, noodles, pasta and couscous also stated that wheat is largely used to make chapatti, cakes and other food products. The germplasm was comprised of test varieties or test treatments and check varieties or control treatments. The field experiment was out by utilizing augmented block design. Parameters like germination %, tillers per plant, canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), days to 50% heading, flag leaf area (cm2), days to maturity, plant height (cm) were evaluated. Under drought condition yield/plant had positive and highly significant correlation with number of tillers, seed weight/spike and positive non-significant with NDVI, flag leaf area, days to maturity and thousand kernel weight under drought condition.

Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the strategies employed by female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia to overcome the challenges associated with running successful businesses across various sectors. Theoretical Framework: The literature reviews shows that the entrepreneurial endeavors of Saudi women appear to be dynamic and demanding, showcasing their resilience in choosing entrepreneurship as a career path. Design/Methodology/Approach: To conduct the analysis, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was utilized. Both primary and secondary data were gathered from women entrepreneurs in different states of Saudi Arabia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 100 female entrepreneurs involved in various small-scale business activities, such as apparel, fragrances, coffee shops, and boutiques. The major findings of the study is that majority of women (almost all 100 sample) taken for study have plans for future business expansion. Findings: The Saudi women also receive a lot of Government support for their business operations. It was also found that majority of Saudi women have invested more than 200000SAR initially. However, it is important to note the limitations of this research. The findings may not be readily generalizable beyond the selected sample. Research/Practical and Social Implications: The success of the Saudi Vision 2030 plan is believed to depend on a higher percentage of women in the labor force, and this objective has been achieved ten years ahead of schedule as more women are joining the workforce in recent years. Originality/Value: The article highlights the value of women's participation in business for the improvement of society at large. The study sheds light on the often-overlooked role of Saudi women as small business owners.

The use of herbicides in forests is important for enhancing tree growth and forest productivity. By effectively controlling competing vegetation, herbicides facilitate the survival and healthy development of young trees. They also play a key role in efficient forest management, contributing to the sustainability and economic viability of forestry practices. This effective vegetation management is crucial for meeting global demands for wood and forest products. This comprehensive review critically examines the dualistic nature of herbicide use in forestry, exploring both its environmental benefits and risks. The paper delves into the historical evolution of herbicide technology in forest management, highlighting its significant role in enhancing tree growth and wood volume yields. With a focus on long-term studies it is analysis the efficacy of herbicides in improving forest productivity and their compatibility with environmental sustainability. The review also addresses the contentious debate surrounding herbicide use, particularly its perceived threats to biodiversity conservation and wildlife management. Additionally, we explore alternative vegetation management strategies, including biological control methods like Mycoherbicides, and discuss emerging trends in sustainable forest management. The paper aims to provide a balanced understanding of the interplay between economic benefits and ecological imperatives in modern forestry, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to herbicide use. Through this exploration, the review contributes to the discourse on harmonizing forest management practices with environmental stewardship.