Anthracycline is one of the chemical drugs commonly used worldwide for the treatment of various types of cancer. The high doses of it cause unwanted toxic side effects on the tissues. Our study designed to demonstrated the physiological and histopathological effect of the drug on the heart organ of experimental animals. For this purpose, twenty adults male rats were used in this study and were divided into four main groups. Control group, Azoxymethane treated group, Azoxymethane qrand anthracycline treated group, and anthracycline treated group only. Blood of the experimented animals was collected in order to measure biochemical parameters such as glutathione, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, peroxynitrite, Creatinine Kinase, C-reactive protein Creatine kinase –myocardial band, and Myoglobin concentrations. In this study a significant increase and decrease was observed in biochemical parameters. Histological examination on the heart shown that rats treated with AOM have been revealed only hypertrophy of cardiac muscles, while other groups were observed hypertrophy of cardiac muscles furthermore. Aorta in AOM group have been revealed Adverse histological changes and transformation in the thickness aortic wall layers. The tissue sections of the groups treated with Anthracyclin showed a negative effect on the aortic wall layers, the endothelial layer and the middle layer, as well as the outer layer in the sections prepared from these groups.

The Surface Water Resources of Otamiri-Nworie Watershed within the Owerri Metropolis were studied with the prime aim of developing a Non-Point Source Event-Based Model to Contamination of the water bodies. Clean, safe, and sufficient water is essential for both human existence and the health of ecosystems, communities, and economies (Fubara and Kpormon, 2023). As human populations increase, industrial and agricultural production increases, and climate change pose a threat of significant disruption of the hydrologic cycle, and as such, declining water quality has emerged as a major global problem (Ogbonna and Orinya, 2023). Human-drinking water must be free of organisms and chemical substances, as high amounts might be harmful to one’s health (Adeyi et al., 2021). This study aimed at comparatively assessing the physicochemical and biological indices of Otamiri and Nworie Rivers, and the Piper diagram model was employed for the analysis. Fifteen water samples were collected along the course of the two rivers and analyzed for physical, chemical and microbial parameters. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters were analyzed. The analytical results of the samples were compared with notable standards like the World Health Organization [WHO], etc. It was observed that all the parameters analyzed for the rivers fall below the acceptable standards except for pH (6.5-8.5) indicating the acidic nature of these water bodies. Similarly, the colour value of the two rivers ranges between 21.5 to 229 PCU and observed to be decreasing downstream within Nworie and Otamiri rivers. Within the river Nworie axis, both the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the total suspended solids (TSS) were observed to be increasing downstream. Along Otamiri river before confluence, total dissolved solids increased downstream whereas the reverse was the case for the total suspended solids, just after the confluence. There is a noticeable increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) downstream within the Nworie axis. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) values for the rivers were below the WHO standard. Finally, the major sources of contamination within the study area revealed that they are mainly from agricultural practices, dumpsites, and human defecation. The quality can be improved by applying appropriate treatment to the water before its use for various purposes.

Anorectal malformations are one of the common congenital anomalies with an incidence of 1-3000 to 5000. Up to 70% of the patients have associated anomalies. Forty to seventy percent of ARM patients have one or more additional defects of other organ systems. The etiology of ARM is multifactorial, it includes both genetic and environmental. This study was done to determine the structural and numerical chromosomal associated with anorectal malformations. 150 patients were included in the study. A full physical examination of the child was conducted followed by an infantogram, echocardiogram, and spinal ultrasound scan was done to investigate different associated anomalies. The patients were classified according to the Krickenbeck classification. Karyotyping was done to determine the structural and numerical chromosomal anomalies. ARM with perineal fistula was the common type of ARM. Out of 150 karyotypes done, only two patients had abnormal karyotypes. Both patients had Downs syndrome. Consanguinity was found in 22% of the cases. Karyotyping plays a vital role in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with anorectal malformations by identifying chromosomal abnormalities, guiding management decisions, providing prognostic information, and enabling genetic counseling.

Most developing countries in the world are working hard to attract more foreign direct investment. Identifying the key determinants of foreign direct investment is therefore seen as an essential task for policy makers. Compared to other parts of the world, the performance of ASEAN countries in attracting foreign direct investment is still poor. This study deals with identifying the determinants of foreign direct investment inflow in ASEAN 4 (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam) countries. This study estimates the panel data sample with pooled OLS and fixed and random effect models. The analyzed data covered for the period 2000 to 2020. The empirical results indicate that market size and natural resources are the most robust determinants for FDI inflows into Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Furthermore, the presence of labor costs, infrastructure, and exchange rate exerts a favorable influence on the inflow of FDI to CLMV countries. On the contrary, the findings of the paper reveal that the inflation rate has a detrimental effect on inward FDI. This partly reflects the fact that most of the world’s FDI is market-seeking. This study provides a clear understanding of the scope of the research in the field of FDI determinants as the practical implication for future research.

In this present investigation, seasonal distribution of micro algae in Konam reservoir (Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh) was studied for a period of one year from November 2022 to October 2023. A total of 61 species were reported which belongs to four groups of algae such as Chlorophyceae (26), Bacillariophyceae (15) Cyanophyceae (15) and Euglenophyceae (5). In post monsoon season higher number (57) of micro algal forms were recorded and lower number (41) of microalgae were reported during monsoon season.

Background: PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women that can lead to a variety of ailments associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, it is also still a common cause of infertility in women. It is the most frequent endocrine and metabolic disorder among reproductive-aged women. PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is the most frequent cause of anovulatory infertility, accounting for more than 75% of all cases. This widespread problem affects around one in every six marriages and has a variety of causes across countries and social groups. Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment strategies for infertile patients with diagnosed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: This study looked at 80 cases of infertility caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome. From August 2021 to July 2022, this study evaluated 80 cases of infertility with PCOS at a tertiary medical college. The diagnosis was made using a hormone assay, ultrasound, and laparoscopy. Treatment options included clomiphene citrate, letrozole, and laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Results: In our study, the majority (50%) were between the ages of 26 and 30 years old, and 100% of patients complained of infertility, with 66.25% being of the primary type. Menstrual abnormalities affected 73.75% of women. The LH: FSH ratio was greater than 1.6 in approximately 85% of responders, and 77.5% of women had enlarged polycystic ovaries. Clomiphene citrate had a conception rate of 24%, Letrozole 31% had a rate of 20%, and laparoscopic ovarian drilling followed by Letrozole had a rate of 60%. Conclusion: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a complex illness that necessitates a variety of treatment techniques based on the reason a patient seeks treatment. Aside from diet and fitness improvements, most patients with good conception rates require lifestyle modification treatment such as C/C and laparoscopic ovarian drilling.

The new drug research is usually based on synthesis medicine. The use of these medications has created problems such as tolerance in humans, for a long time and due to legitimate use of anti-infection, microbial defense against branded medication is growing. A mutagensis study by Ames in the early 1970's, used worldwide by drug and chemicals companies to diagnose mutagens carcinogenes, making it possible for them to be detected, and to be added to the mutagenic synthesis portion or radiation source triggering irreversible changes, and to the genetic material transmitted from the parent. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The purpose of this study was to assessment of carcinogenicity of synthetic compounds series by hemolytic, Ames and Damaged DNA protection assay. The cytotoxicity was determined with hemolytic assay and DNA Damage protection assay while mutagenicity was resolute by using S. typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains. It is concluded that the compounds with less hemolytic compounds are good for uses in drugs. Synthetic compounds were determined to be non- mutagenic in nature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the hemolysis percent between different concentrations.

Central venous catheter (CVC) is an essential tool for monitoring hemodynamics and intravenous access in many healthcare settings and, by far, most in a dynamic environment such as the operating room. It's one of the most frequent invasive procedures performed by clinicians in their practice. The literature describes many different approaches that use anatomical landmarks. However, Practice guidelines published in 2020 by the American Society of Anesthesiologists recommend the confirmation of a guide wire and central line insertion in the vein by real-time ultrasound US. This recommendation has significant practical implications, as it can lead to a reduction in adverse events following the CVS insertion. A large multicentre cohort study done in 2022, after implying the use of ultrasound-guided, reviewed the rate of adverse events following the CVS insertion and identified a variety of reasons linked with higher complication rates. A recent randomized trial compared techniques used in central line was conducted on neonates coming to the operating room who had CVS catheter placement done by pediatric anesthesiologists concluded that the modified technique was superior in regards to time efficiency and safety. This article aims to review basic knowledge and recent relevant literature about the topic in order to provide anesthesiologists with a deeper understanding of it while performing the procedure.

Biodiversity can be defined as the variability among the living organism from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part, this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystem. The growing awareness that biodiversity is a precious global asset to present and future generation and that species survival and the integrity of habitats and ecosystems are at serious risk, has increased significantly the importance of biodiversity related research. The loss of biodiversity is a global crisis, there is hardly an region on the earth that is not facing ecological catastrophes. Of the 1.7 million species known to inhabit the earth (Human is just one of them), one third to one fourthvof the species is likely to extinct within the next few decades. Therefore, onus of safeguarding biodiversity is not just on government or indigenous communities, but on all of us as this is our common heritage.

The trigeminal cardiac reflex (TCR) is a unique and powerful brainstem reflex that has received a great deal of research interest. Sleep bruxism (SB) is sleep disorder that affects the TCR as well as other brainstem reflexes via stimulation of the brainstem; at the level of the gasserion ganglion (GG). TCR play an important role in sleep bruxism while an exaggerated form of this reflex could be responsible for sleep disorders. This paper will discuss the unusual relationship of Trigeminal cardiac reflex – bruxism – sleep disorders.

Introduction: Obesity is a major health problem in western society with rapidly increasing prevalence in most countries. The healthcare burden of obesity is far reaching but many of the consequences are yet to be fully understood. While there is a perception that obesity negatively impacts on health and stone formation in gall bladder there is conflicting evidence for this. Aims & Objectives: To assess whether obesity impacts on the blood cholesterol level which leads to dislipidaemia and gall stone formation. To identify whether dislipidaemia causes cholelithiasis and cholecystitis among obese patient. Methods: Between 1st December, 2018 and 31thMay, 2019, patients admitted in dept of surgery at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital in Bogura, Bangladesh were enrolled. Following informed consent, BMI was assessed. High risk patients and complications were identified according to established criteria. Patients were grouped according to BMI categories as Normal, overweight, Obese grade-I and Obese grade-II. Various disease of gall bladder including stone formation and its complications were analysed on all obese patients treated at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital using a SQL database. Results: Total 59 people were available and consented for this study. 09 patients were excluded; 4 patient were obese but no cholelithiasis or cholecystitis, 3 patients were not agree to investigations and 2 patients declined study). The remaining 50 patients, 29 females and 21 males, included for analysis. The median age was 48 with a range from 18-55. A literature review found evidence of increased risk of dyslipidemia which induce stone formation in GB and inflammation of gall bladder associated with obesity. Conclusion: It is an important issue that obesity is increasing in our new generations. This study should take into account for the future health care researcher. This study has summarized the current body of literature and added to it by demonstrating in our cohort that obese patients were at increased risk of formation of gallstones. I have also provided the evidence that patients with increased BMI with cholelithiasis or cholecystitis or other comorbidities are associated with significantly greater cost to the healthcare system.

Bakery nutritional products are limited in a global market considering the consumer preferences. Recent years have seen a surge in publications, especially in India and Latin America, reflecting nutritional and development of new products challenge, however, there are project management tools that could help in the development of new products because proactive approaches are necessary to navigate bakery product development complexities. Malnutrition and obesity pose global health challenges, elevating the importance of providing more nutritious bakery options. This systematic literature review explores the intersection of bakery product development with project management methodologies, emphasizing nutritional enhancement and consumer acceptance by the analysis of 69 articles from 2013 through 2024 from prestigious database such as Scopus and Redalyc to generate an overview for new future projects related to enhance the sector in Mexico. The study identifies multiple opportunities in bakery product research. The most researched products in this area are bread, cake, cookies and tortillas compared to pasta, pizza, pudding, waffles, etc. Additionally, only a quarter of articles explore new commercial prototypes, indicating significant potential for further development in this area.

Introduction: Patient falls are a global concern that has been identified as one of the most common adverse events affecting patient safety in healthcare institutions around the world. In this study, factors associated with the occurrence of patients falling were investigated and classified into three categories: patient-related factors, environment conditions and nurse-related factors. Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. It was conducted between 15 February and 15 March 2024 in King Saud Medical City. A self-administered questionnaire was personally sent to staff nurses. The total nurses participating in the study was 504. Results: The most common factors leading to patient falls are wet floors, an absence of warning signs, a lack of safety grab bars, unsafe corridors, and a shortage of staff nurses, as well as distributing patients in different rooms, making it difficult to observe all of them simultaneously. Moreover, a patient who starts walking after an extended period in bed will be at increased risk of falling. Nurses also agreed that polypharmacy can be a risk factor for patient falls. Conclusion: The results present a clear picture of the various factors that healthcare professionals perceive as contributing to patient falls. Environmental conditions, operational issues and patient-related factors all play significant roles.

Understanding Oil Formation Volume Factor βo is crucial for effective oil field development, impacting well performance analysis, reservoir simulation, and production engineering calculations. Traditionally, βo is determined through costly and time-consuming laboratory tests, prompting the need for accurate mathematical correlations. Existing correlations such as Vasquez-Beggs, Standing-Glaso, and others have been widely used but show varying degrees of accuracy across different operating conditions. In this study, these correlations were evaluated against 95 datasets of experimental βo data for Sudanese crude oils. Statistical analysis revealed that Vasquez-Beggs and Standing- Glaso models performed best, with average absolute errors of 3.4219 and 3.4477, and correlation coefficients of 0.7563 and 0.7213 respectively. Motivated by the limitations of existing correlations, a new ap- proach using Polynomial Neural Networks (PNN) was developed. This model utilized reservoir temperature, gas gravity, gas oil ratio, and API as input parameters, trained on 70% of the dataset and tested on the remaining 30%. The PNN model exhibited superior predictive performance with a relative average absolute error of 2.8607 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9080. This study contributes a robust predictive tool for estimating βo in Sudanese oil fields, offering enhanced accuracy over traditional correlations and facilitating more reliable reservoir management decisions.

Background: Even though most communities in developing countries understand the importance of disease prevention, they do not know how to do so. Beneficial programmes, like Health Fairs, even when relatively free, are often scorned. Understanding the importance of hypertension prevention in rural communities in developing nations is under-utilized. This study aimed to get the Awolowo community to come to terms with the benefits of an impactful Health Fair and generate convincing health information. It addressed how to motivate, generate interest and participate. Thus bridging knowledge gap and experience regarding disease prevention and medical screening. Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted over three days during a health fair at Awolowo town, Osun State, South-western Nigeria. A total of 178 Participants (18 years and above) were divided into three groups. Each group went through eight (8) different stations of specialized Health screening format. Blood pressure, Body mass index (BMI), and demographics were collected. Regression analyses was carried out on IBM SPSS (version 21) to examine the relationship between demographic features and blood pressure. Results: Our study found a high prevalence of pre-hypertension (41.6%) among participants. The study highlighted the rising rates of overweight (22.5%) and obesity (14%) in the population. Also, about 33% had hypertension, while increasing age was identified as a significant factor in its prevalence. The data demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity/overweight and hypertension. Conclusion: The specialized Health screening format and seminars/workshops served as motivation and interest generation. This should be adopted for similar studies. This study emphasizes the need for community interventions to address the growing prevalence of hypertension and obesity in Awolowo town and environ. Early diagnosis, heightened awareness, and lifestyle modifications are crucial approaches to mitigate health risks related to these conditions and enhance the overall health and well-being of the community.