In GH deficiency, rhGH is deemed appropriate when epiphyses are open, while Turner's syndrome poses unique considerations due to associated malformations like cardiac aortic bicuspidity and aortic coarctation. Renal malformations, including Horseshoe kidney and hydronephrosis, further highlight the complexity of Turner's syndrome, requiring a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to care. We report the case about of an elderly child 3 years and 5 months old patient with cardiac and renal malformations notably a tight postductal isthmic coarctation and a left pyeloureteral junction syndrome with dilatation of the pyelocalic cavities, admitted for further management of a staturo-ponderal delay. She presented with functional signs of constipation, no chills, no digestive disorders and no hypoglycemic malaise. On physical examination, dysmorphic features included low hairline and short neck, pterygium coli, low ear implant, hypertelorism, nipple spread, keloid lesion on face. Test results showed a 45x karyotype in favour of Turner syndrome, HBA1c: 5.6%, the rest of the tests were normal. GH was indicated in the patient after cardiac surgery for coarctation of the aorta and pyelo-caliceal junction. The patient was referred for heart and kidney surgery. It is crucial to closely monitor height velocity during catch-up growth, particularly in patients with concurrent conditions leading to short stature. Additionally, there is an emphasis on educating parents about the potential impact of Turner syndrome on aspects such as growth, growth hormone (GH) substitution, ovarian failure, malformations, and related health risks.

Introduction: Sports injuries can have long-term psychological and physical ramifications. For instance, concussions can affect a person's quality of life by causing a variety of cognitive problems and emotional swings. Joint injuries can also make athletes more susceptible to musculoskeletal issues in the future, which could limit their capacity to exercise and lower their level of enjoyment and general well-being. Gaining a thorough grasp of the mental health and psychological well-being unique to top athletes may help to improve models of treatment and management for this group, which might ultimately lead to improved performance, lower risk of injuries and improve quality of life. Sport professionals, such as coaches, medical personnel, and sport psychologists, need to have this understanding in order to help elite athletes improve their mental wellness by helping them build coping mechanisms. Methods: The study was performed in NIMS University, in 2024. The survey contained information about the purpose and objectives of the study, informed consent, sociodemographic questions, questions related to mental health, life satisfaction and level of injury questionnaires concerning various aspects of well-being (stress level, depression, anxiety, satisfaction, and physical health, level of physical, mental and social functioning). Result: In this study, a total of 258 participants were included in the analysis. The average age of the participants was 19.5 years, with 52.7% of the sample being women and 47.3% men. Conclusion: A distinct set of pressures that elite athletes face might make them more susceptible to mental illness. Important elements include coping with continuous performance pressure from competition, the psychological effects of injuries, life satisfaction, overtraining, and burnout, and intensive public and media scrutiny.

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has emerged as a significant public health concern in Kolkata, with a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Also, this disease shows and additional impact on liver. Objective: To investigate the epidemiological trends of dengue fever in Kolkata and its effect on liver function. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from [Ashok Laboratory] in Kolkata. Patients diagnosed with dengue fever between [July, 2023 to June, 2024] were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Results: A total of [6132] patients were included. The majority were [10-30] years old, and [males]. The incidence of dengue fever was highest during [monsoon season]. The data shows that SGPT/ALT and SGOT/AST value is very high on the dengue positive individuals and total bilirubin value is also high on dengue positive individuals. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of dengue fever on liver function in Kolkata. The findings suggest that early detection and management of dengue-induced hepatic dysfunction are crucial to prevent severe complications. Public health measures should focus on vector control, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to mitigate the burden of dengue fever in Kolkata.

Stanagranthi, a term specifically referring to breast lumps or masses is essentially a manifestation of Granthi in the breast tissue. When the doshas become vitiated, they can affect the body tissues, including Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), and Meda (fat). If these vitiated doshas, especially Kapha, accumulate in a specific area, they can form a rounded, protruding, knotty, or hard swelling, known as Granthi. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of Stanagranthi are largely similar to Granthi in other body parts. However, Ayurvedic texts recognize various types of Granthi based on the predominant dosha involved and the affected tissue. In the case of Stanagranthi, the underlying pathology and clinical features closely resemble those of Mamsaja Granthi (muscle-related swelling), as both are primarily influenced by Vata and Kapha. Thus, the development of Stanagranthi is primarily attributed to the vitiation and accumulation of Vata and Kapha doshas in the breast tissue, leading to the formation of abnormal growths or masses.

Land banking is a form of land acquisition carried out by systematically acquiring land that has yet to be developed, abandoned land, or vacant land for further development and optimized use to benefit the community. The Government carries out this form of land acquisition to implement public land policies. This research uses doctrinal or normative legal research with a doctrinal approach and statutory regulations related to the Land Bank Concept and Institutions that are in accordance with the development of Indonesian Constitutional Law. Those legal material collected are analysed prescriptively. The result shows that the form of land banking is a special body (sui generis) that manages land with assets separate from state assets so that activities are more flexible, efficient, and effective. The appropriate Land Bank institutional model is in the form of a public service agency. As a separate institution from the ministry, the land bank's governance is based on general principles in the financial accounting system. Land asset management is directed at utilizing land in collaboration with other parties and distributing it to specified parties. Using land bank assets is to obtain income as capital accumulation. Meanwhile, the distribution of land assets is in the context of realizing a just economy through activities in the public interest, social interests, national interests, economic equality, land consolidation, and agrarian reform. Land banks must allocate part of their land assets for land reform.

Background: Mental health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, are becoming more common among high school students, yet cultural stigma and inadequate mental health literacy impede effective help-seeking in Vietnam. Adolescents sometimes encounter obstacles in identifying mental health issues and obtaining suitable resources, particularly in environments where professional services are inadequate and mental health is stigmatized. Purpose: This study aims to address the comprehension of mental health awareness and help-seeking behaviors among Vietnamese high school students. Methods: The study involved 422 high school students from four cities in Vietnam. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) were employed to evaluate mental health awareness and behavior, with data processed utilizing SPSS version 22.0. Result: Students exhibited the greatest awareness of bipolar disorder (M = 4.43, SD = 0.844). Students experience a moderate to high level of anxiety when they become aware of potential mental health issues (M = 3.50, SD = 1.296). In order of priority, students actively seek information about mental health professionals (M = 3.88, SD = 0.645). Students are highly critical and thoughtful in comparing different sources of advice before deciding on a mental health strategy (M = 4.27, SD = 0.925). Students are slightly more likely to participate in these programs compared to other formal mental health resources (M = 1.44, SD = 0.469). Some students turn to online communities for support and guidance in managing their mental health issues (M = 1.63, SD = 0.483). Conclusion: This investigation underscores numerous critical developments in the mental health awareness and help-seeking behaviors of students in high schools. Students exhibited a deliberate approach to evaluating mental health resources and a strong awareness of bipolar disorder.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between family planning and health of women in Owan West Local Government Area of Edo State. Materials and Methods: the population of the study was 280,000 inhabitants with sample size of 140, Taro Yamane formula was used in determining the sample size with a significant level of 0.05%. The data analysis technique used for this study is simple percentage for questions by the respondents. Results & Discussion: This study has succeeded in identifying the impact of family planning on woman. The process of family planning prevents unwanted pregnancy and reverses the complications of pregnancy. Family planning has positive impact on the health of women. In view of the research and importance of family planning on women. Conclusion & Recommendation: The following recommendations were made, that government should encourage the use of contraceptives for the good of it involving reduction in population growth as well as its positive impacts and roles in the society. It is also recommended that seminars or public lectures be organized to educate the public on the significance of contraceptive use and its application effectiveness.

National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976) was one of the leading poets, writers, journalists, lyricists and musicians of the Bangla language. This free-spirited man is an uncompromising fighter for equality, Justice, anti-imperialism, humanity and oppression. The abundance of creation in his literary life is unparalleled. Spontaneity in his literature has given rise to an art form distinguished by its unique beauty. He added a new dimension to Bangla literature. His poems and songs spoken the message of humanity and equality. His nature, philanthropy and devotional songs combine unique nuances of melody and lyrics to create an exquisitely dreamy atmosphere, the appeal of which is eternal and imperishable.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for monitoring pregnancy and improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between ANC and pregnancy outcomes among participants at rural upazilla health complex, like Sariakandi Upazilla of Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Upazilla Health Complex in Saniakandi, Bangladesh included 45 pregnant women selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from medical records and structured interviews to gather information on demographics, obstetric history, clinical history, and specifics of ANC. Maternal outcomes of interest included preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage, while neonatal outcomes included gestational age at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores, and NICU admissions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationship between the number of antenatal visits and pregnancy outcomes. Results: Most participants were aged 21-30 (55.6%) with secondary education (80.0%) and were predominantly housewives (97.8%). Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 6.7% of participants, and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 2.2%. All cases of preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in women with fewer than 4 antenatal visits, indicating a strong negative correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82). Neonatal outcomes showed that 2.2% of newborns were preterm, and 17.8% had low birth weight. Higher frequency of ANC visits correlated positively with better Apgar scores at 1 minute (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71) and 5 minutes (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.61). Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of frequent and timely ANC in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Enhanced ANC accessibility and early initiation are essential for reducing the risks of adverse outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Background: COVID 19 created an urgent demand for rapid diagnosis to encircle this pandemic and improve patient management. In this context, we evaluated the concordance of the ID NOW test compared to the Eurobioplex RT-PCR test in the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: To evaluate the concordance of the assay at different viral loads, 154 positive samples were selected to represent the full range of Ct values observed on the Eurobioplex RT-PCR assay, ranging from 14 to 38 cycles. Positive concordance for the ID Now assay was calculating dusing Eurobioplex RT-PCR as the reference test. An additional 70 negative samples were selected to assess negative concordance. Results: Compared to Eurobioplex RT-PCR, the overall positive agreement was 79% with ID Now. Negative agreement was 100% for ID Now. ID Now showed 100% positive agreement for medium and high viral concentrations (Ct value <30). However, for Ct values >30, the positive agreement was 33.3% for ID Now. Conclusions: This study shows a major limitation of ID Now for specimens collected in universal transport media with lower viral concentrations. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the performance of ID Now for dry nasopharyngeal swabs (manufacturer's recommended method).

Background: Tubal factor infertility accounts for a large portion of female factor infertility. The most prevalent cause of tubal factor infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease and acute salpingitis. Tubal factor infertility accounts for approximately 25-35% of cases of female infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the role of leparoscopic evaluation of Tubal factors in case of infertility. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at Department of Gynae and Obstetrics UHC, Dhamrai, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2023. 55 patients were selected for laparoscopic evaluation. Inclusion criteria were patients with no prior pelvic surgery, normal bimanual pelvic examination, normal semen parameters of partner and no ovulatory dysfunction. After obtaining thorough history & detailed examination, patients were informed about the procedure and written informed consent was taken. Results: 55 patients underwent laparoscopy during the study period. Most patients 10 were in the age group of ˂20 yr, 15 were between 21-30 yr & 20 were 31- 40 yr of age and 10 were between 36 – 40 yrs of age. Among these 55 patients 24 patients had primary infertility while 31 had presented with secondary infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed normal pelvic organs in 9 (16.3%) cases, Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in 3 (5.4%), endometriosis in 13 (23.6%) and congenital anomalies of uterus in 1(1.8%) cases. 7.2% cases had bilateral tubal block, 27.3% had unilateral block and in 7.2% cases though the tubes were found patent significant peritubal adhesions were noted. Tubal pathology was detected in 55.5% cases of primary infertility and 42.1% cases of secondary infertility. Among those who had tubal pathology, nonspecific pelvic inflammatory disease was noted in 33.3% and genital tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2.7% cases. The most common complications were pyrexia, shoulder tip pain, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a safe and effective diagnostic tool in evaluating tubal status of infertile patients. Laparoscopy and chromopertubation test should be recommended as a first step in the investigation of infertile women with tubal factor.

Background: Hypothyroidism in patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with worse outcomes. However, this has not yet been adequately investigated in Bangladeshi people. Objective: To find out the proportion and covariates of hypothyroidism among patients with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 323 patients from the Endocrinology and Allied Medicine Department at BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients with metabolic syndrome but no prior diagnosis of hypothyroidism were included. Detailed history, physical examinations, and thyroid function tests—Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT4), and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO Ab)—were performed. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH >4.12 mIU/L and <10 mIU/L, while overt hypothyroidism was defined as TSH >10 mIU/L. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression, were conducted to explore associations between components of metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction. Results: Out of the 323 participants, 62.8% were euthyroid, 28.5% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 8.7% had overt hypothyroidism. Autoimmune hypothyroidism was confirmed in 31.6% of hypothyroid patients through elevated Anti-TPO Ab levels, a statistically significant finding. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in females and obese individuals. Significant positive correlations were observed between TSH and waist circumference (r=0.153), systolic blood pressure (r=0.271), and triglycerides (r=0.128), while FT4 showed negative correlations. Multiple linear regression indicated significant associations between waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: It was concluded that a higher proportion of metabolic syndrome cases were suffering from hypothyroidism. This necessitates that all MetS patients be screened for thyroid profile and autoimmune status and managed accordingly.

This paper proposes a new high-gain Buck-Boost DC-DC converter, specifically designed for micro-grid applications where efficient voltage and power management is crucial. Traditional boost converters, such as those with switched inductors or capacitors, face limitations in voltage gain due to extreme operating cycles, leading to issues like reverse recovery, high conduction losses, and electromagnetic interference. Isolated converters, such as fly-back or push-pull converters, while effective at overcoming these constraints, introduce losses due to leakage inductance and overvoltage. With the rise of micro-grids and photovoltaic (PV) systems requiring high voltage gain due to their low output voltage, the proposed Buck-Boost DC-DC converter stands out for its ability to provide high output voltages while accommodating a wide range of input voltages. The converter is designed to handle input voltages ranging from 7V to 75V and uses pulse-width modulation (PWM)-based control to precisely regulate the output. Additionally, it incorporates advanced protection mechanisms with the LM5050-1, providing reverse input voltage protection and reduced quiescent current (IQ), ensuring enhanced safety and improved energy efficiency. Experimental results show that this Buck-Boost DC-DC converter significantly improves power management in microgrids, offering a reliable solution for renewable energy distribution systems and standalone networks. Its flexibility, robustness, and advanced protection features make it ideal for meeting the needs of next-generation power grids.

Background: Menstrual disorders are a significant global public health issue affecting many women during their reproductive years. These disorders include irregularities in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leading to physical, behavioral, and emotional changes. Factors such as weight changes, stress, drug use, hormonal imbalances, and recent childbirth or miscarriage can disrupt menstrual patterns. Menstrual issues not only impact women's health and quality of life but also result in economic consequences and poor academic performance. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices among female undergraduates in Bangladesh, as well as explore potential factors that may influence these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 180 female students at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (outdoor) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 December 2021. It aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices. Participants, aged 18-25 years and willing to participate, were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, menstrual history, and self-care practices. SPSS version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, employing descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to explore associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, providing a comprehensive assessment framework. Result: The sociodemographic profile of 180 participants shows that most are aged 21-25 years, with a mean age of 22.48±1.68 years. Early menarche was common among 88.33%, and 62.22% belonged to the low social class living in hostels. A significant proportion (82.78%) were single, with only 2.78% having experienced pregnancy. Parental sponsorship for education was prevalent (72.22%). Most participants correctly identified menstruation as a physiological process (66.67%) and knew menstrual blood originates from the uterus (62.78%). Common absorbent materials were disposable sanitary pads (88.89%). Patterns of menstrual health and self-care practices revealed proper hygiene but suboptimal management of menstrual disorders. Age, social class, education sponsorship, and knowledge of menstrual disorders significantly influenced self-care practices. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were the most common menstrual disorders. Conclusion: This research examines menstrual health knowledge, disorders, and self-care among female undergraduates, highlighting the impact of socio-demographic factors and educational support. It reveals significant knowledge gaps and underscores the need for better educational initiatives. Insights into menstrual disorders and self-care strategies provide guidance for targeted interventions and support within academic environments.

This article starts with the visual analysis by an analytical tool "Citespace" in an effort to investigate the previous studies on universal grammar domestically and overseas in a macroscopic way. It turns out that universal grammar is still received much attention, but there is few systematic review on the accessibility of universal grammar in second language acquisition. Thus, this article systematically sorts out the previous studies in a microscopic way in terms of whether universal grammar can be accessed in second language acquisition. At length, the conclusion is made that currently the hot-discussed topic comes to which aspect of UG is accessible to SLA, instead of whether or not the UG is accessible to SLA.