Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has emerged as a potential tool for managing asthma in children, but its precise role remains under investigation. Objectives: This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the current research on FeNO's utility in managing pediatric asthma. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases like PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data from eligible studies. Results: Sixteen studies including 4612 participants in total and more than half of them 2558 (55.5%) were males—were included in our data. Intermediate FeNO levels had a higher yearly hospitalization rate than those with low or high FeNO levels. FeNO can be a predictive marker as one study found that FeNO levels of more than 35 ppb have the highest risk of developing respiratory disease in the future. Regarding the benefits of FeNO-guided therapy, the use of FENO in conjunction with GINA guidelines for ICS titration can help reduce daily ICS doses and treatment costs. FeNO was found reliable as an asthma biomarker only in children with concomitant aeroallergen sensitivity. Conclusion: The evidence for the effectiveness of FeNO-guided asthma care in children is critical. The effect of FeNO-guided treatment on pharmaceutical use is unclear. Any benefits in illness control must be balanced against the risk of increased drug use, particularly ICS, as higher rates were frequently observed in children with FeNO-guided monitoring. There is an obvious need for larger, longer-term research to address these problems before making firm recommendations for routine therapeutic use.

Advocacy has been made for varied teaching strategies towards enhancing the cognitive attainment of students particularly at high schools. Much has not been done on the engagement of learners in laboratory activities for practical physics. We investigated the effect of laboratory activities on students’ performance in practical physics in selected secondary schools focusing on group and individual activities. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. It is a quasi-experimental design using pre-test and post-test with experimental groups. The instrument used was a researchers developed performance test tagged “Practical Physics Performance Test (PPPT). A reliability coefficient of r=0.77 was obtained using Kuder-Richardson KR-21 method. The experiment was conducted for a period of six weeks after which the posttest was administered to the three groups. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. The null hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result revealed that students taught practical physics using group laboratory activity performed significantly more than students that were taught practical physics using individualized and lecturing activities. Teachers are therefore required re-strategies on how best to involve students into group laboratory activities during practical physics instructions to facilitate high level cognition. Sub-group approach that are monitored by the teacher with hybrid of fast and slow learners can be adopted.

Introduction: Despite the availability of numerous treatment options, managing unstable proximal humeral fractures remains a significant surgical challenge. Utilizing a PHILOS plate is an effective surgical technique for addressing these fractures. This approach provides stability and support to the fracture site, promoting proper healing and potentially improving patient outcomes. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome of PHILOS plate fixation in proximal humerus fractures. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2009 to December 2010. A total of 80 patients aged over 18 years were included in the study. Patients with open, pathological and ipsilateral distal fractures in the same limb were excluded from the study. Result: The youngest and the oldest one were 23 and 78 years respectively. Majority of the patients were male and business was their main occupation. Fifty patients (62.5%) presented with 3-part fractures, ten (12.5%) with four-part fractures and twenty (25%) with fracture dislocation. The interval between injury and plate fixation was 18 days and minimum and maximum interval was 2 and 78 days respectively. Majority (92.5%) of the injury was caused by high-velocity accident. Evaluation of the outcome at 6 months showed that 62.5 percent of patients had good outcome, 25 percent patients had fair outcome. Conclusion: PHILOS plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures provides stable fixation and good functional outcomes, particularly in elderly patients.

This research aims to determine the effect of dual role conflict and work stress on employee performance directly and indirectly through organizational commitment at the Central Java BKKBN agency, Semarang City, and Regency Work Area. The population used in this research is all employees who work in the Central Java BKKBN working area of Semarang City and Regency. Sampling will use purposive sampling, with the sample selection criteria being female married or married employees. Based on this sampling, the research sample size was 80 respondents. The primary data used was obtained through a research questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The research results show that multiple-role conflict has a significant negative effect on organizational commitment, and work stress negatively and significantly impacts organizational commitment. Multiple role conflict has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, work stress has a negative and significant impact on employee performance, and organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the mediation test show that organizational commitment can mediate the impact of multiple role conflicts on employee performance, and organizational commitment can mediate the effect of work stress on employee performance.

Since ancient times, humans have used animal skin in their daily lives to create shelters and clothing. They have also developed special techniques to preserve animal hides for a long time after slaughter, such as salting and cooling. Skin is an ideal environment for microorganisms to inhabit due to its temperature and moisture content. According to our knowledge, many factors, including pH, temperature, salt concentration, nutrition, etc., influence bacterial growth. Therefore, many bacteria can thrive in a wide range of NaCl concentrations, from 1% to 20%, and are classified accordingly. Despite the high concentration of NaCl in the soak liquor used in the preparation of leather, numerous bacterial species can readily grow and produce lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes as a form of metabolic activity. Lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes have negative effects on leather and leather products, including spotting, disagreeable odor, discoloration of the resultant leather, and consequentially significant economic losses. To overcome this obstacle, a variety of preventative measures have been implemented, including salting, the use of antibiotics, plant extracts (essential oils), and, more recently, electric currents.

Still many Yogyakarta water polo athletes experienced problem moment do shot or shooting, especially problem lies in the player's mentality. Study This aim for know-how influence between method Internal imagery and external imagery training for water polo shooting among Yogyakarta water polo athletes. Study This use method experiment with 2x2 factorial design with use technique collection of pre-test and post-test data on imagery exercises (internal and external) and level concentration (high and low). Population study is player DIY water polo team. Sample study this determined with purposive sampling technique consisting of 30 athletes. For know level concentration done test measurement with using test grid concentration. Internal imagery and external imagery exercises were carried out each exercise is done 6 times for 30 minutes. Ability athlete's shooting accuracy done with use 5 meter penalty shooting test. Data analysis techniques using two way Analysis of Variance (Anova) at level significance (α) 0.05. Research result show that: 1) exists difference between internal imagery and external imagery training (p = 0.010 < 0.05) then method more internal imagery exercises Good rather than external imagery. Group players who have concentration tall more appropriate if trained with internal imagery, meanwhile group players who have concentration low more Good If trained with external imagery.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder, while multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The coexistence of these two conditions is rare. Thus, patients with NF1 may exhibit signal abnormalities on brain imaging, referred to as focal areas of signal intensity (FASI), which can mimic lesions seen in MS and complicate the differential diagnosis. We present the case of a female patient suffering from progressive paraparesis, accompanied by urinary disorders and coordination disorders of the upper limbs. Neurological examination revealed a pyramidal syndrome and a cerebellar syndrome, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 7.5. Additionally, the skin examination showed multiple café-au-lait spots larger than 15 mm and numerous diffuse neurofibromas. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed white matter lesions typical of MS, and isoelectrofocalization of cerebrospinal fluid proteins revealed positive oligoclonal bands. The diagnosis was primary progressive multiple sclerosis associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. The aim of this case report is to document the association of these two conditions and discuss the challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment, as early diagnosis of MS is crucial to prevent further disability in patients with NF1.

The present study examines the leadership responsibilities undertaken by leaders inside private Islamic universities. The present study was directed by a singular research issue, specifically focusing on the leadership role of leaders inside private Islamic religious universities in their efforts to enhance the quality of education. The present investigation is characterised as a qualitative study employing a case study design. The study was conducted at the Nahdlatul Wathan Islamic College (STAI NW) in Samawa, Sumbawa Besar Regency, located in the province of West Nusa Tenggara. Data gathering strategies encompass several methods such as interviews, observation, and documenting. In the interim, the process of data analysis was conducted utilising a series of established techniques, namely data reduction, data display, data condensation, and conclusion drawing/verification. This study demonstrates that in order to enhance the educational standards, the chairman of STAI NW Samawa undertakes various primary responsibilities, including: 1) managerial duties; 2) Developing academic quality and sustainability; 3) Fostering campus entrepreneurship; 4) providing motivation; and 5) optimising the allocation of responsibilities among lecturers and staff members. The findings of this research have the potential to enhance the significance of leadership within the framework of private Islamic religious universities.

The aim of the research is to identify land that can be designated as abandoned land and analyze the form of management that can be carried out on land that has been designated as abandoned land so that it has useful value. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research type with an empirical normative approach using secondary data through descriptive study and analysis of statutory regulations and related literature. The land rights that are the object of abandoned land are land ownership rights, building use rights, business use rights, use rights, management rights, and land obtained based on the basis of land control. These rights lands have criteria to be identified as abandoned land, namely Freehold land becomes the object of control over Abandoned Land if it is intentionally not used, not exploited, and/or not maintained so that: a) it is controlled by the community and becomes a village area; b) controlled by another party continuously for 20 (twenty) years without any legal relationship with the Rights Holder; or the social function of Land Rights is not fulfilled, whether the Rights Holder still exists or no longer exists. Land with building use rights, use rights and management rights becomes the object of control over abandoned land if it is intentionally not cultivated, not used, not exploited and/or not maintained starting 2 (two) years from the issuance of the rights. Then land with land use rights becomes the object of controlling abandoned land if it is intentionally not cultivated, not used, and/or not exploited starting from 2 (two) years from the issuance of the right. And land obtained based on the Land Tenure Basis becomes the object of controlling abandoned land if it is intentionally not cultivated, no used, not used, and/or not maintained starting from 2 (two) years from the issuance of the Basic Land Control. Management of abandoned land that has been designated as State land is carried out through the utilization of abandoned land. Article 35 of PP Number 20 of 2021 regulates that the utilization of TCUN is intended for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes in the interests of society and the State. Utilization of abandoned land through agrarian reform, national strategic projects, land banks and other state reserves.

This paper explores the Head teachers’ motivational skills on learners and teachers in influencing performance in Public Primary Schools in Uriri Sub-County. Using correlational methodology and survey techniques, the study investigates how motivational practices of School Head teachers’ influence learners’ motivation, subsequently affecting the performance outcomes of pupils within the school. The study population comprises of Head teachers and teachers from Public Primary Schools in Uriri Sub-County, Kenya. Questionnaires were developed and validated for both Head teachers and teachers, focusing on motivational approaches. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Findings indicate a positive correlation between effective practices by Head teachers and teacher motivation levels on learners’ academic. Additionally, teacher motivation has been linked to improved performance outcomes among both educators and students. This research contributes to understanding the critical role of school Head teachers’ motivational approaches in shaping educational outcomes. By elucidating the dynamics of motivational approaches, insights for better educational practices are enhanced for a conducive learning environment.

Aquasomes are considered an excellent and efficient carrier system for the transport of drugs or biochemically active long chain macromolecules such as proteins and peptides, various hormones, antigens, enzymes, and genes in the recently burgeoning field of nanobiotechnology research. These are three-layer self-collecting structures composed of an oligomeric film covering a strong stage nanocrystalline centre to which biochemically dynamic particles adhere to, independent of changes in the environment and which self-assembles through non-covalent or ionic connections. Aquasomes are circular particles, 60–300 nm in size, that are used to deliver antigens and medications. The structural stability is provided by the solid core, while the active drug molecules are stabilized and protected from dehydration by the polyhydroxy oligomer covering. The most common way to distribute aquasome formulations is parenterally, however recent research indicates that there may be additional, oral, ways as well. A combination of targeted molecular shielding and prolonged release mechanism is used by aquasome to deliver their bioactive chemicals. The present paper offers an overview of the aquasome as a potentially useful medication delivery technique. It covers every facet of aquasome, such as their structure, the processes for preparing them, ways to characterize them, and medical uses as a drug delivery system.

Education passages are a frequent focus in the “Careful Reading” section of CET-4, posing significant challenges for examinees. As an important aspect of sentence structure and discourse analysis, thematic progression patterns are crucial for understanding passages and solving test questions. This article, using the six thematic progression patterns proposed by Huang Guowen as a framework, explores the distribution characteristics, ways of their realization, and practical assistance of these patterns for examinees in education passages in the CET-4’s “Careful Reading”. This article finds that: (1) centralized pattern and extending pattern appear with higher frequency in education passages of CET-4’s “Careful Reading”, making them the two primary patterns; (2) the realization of thematic progression patterns in these passages are diverse and often used in combination, enhancing the coherence and logic of the passage, enriching expression, highlighting key points, and improving the overall quality and readability of the passage; (3) this study uses examples of detail question and inference question to demonstrate that thematic progression patterns can help examinees efficiently solve questions, aiming to provide targeted reading and answering strategies for examinees, thereby improving their reading comprehension and exam performance.

Agricultural crops face a major issue in the form of salinity. It causes injuries to plants by causing accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions, which leads to nutrient imbalance and ultimately low yield. It also causes fluctuations in physiological processes, which destabilize the uptake and distribution of nutrients in crops. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the 2nd ranked oilseed crop after soybean. Sunflower possesses high oil content (42-50%) and protein content (15-20%), which makes it one of the most valuable oil crops. Exogenously applied K+ significantly enhance all morphological and physiological parameters. K+ is also member of triad group of nutrients for plants including N and P. In current study effect of foliar application of K at 500 ppm were examined on growth, biochemical and physiological attributes of sunflower hybrid L-16003 grown under saline conditions. Data was recorded for various growth, biochemical and physiological parameters of plants. Analysis of data revealed that salinity adversely affected gas exchange parameters which resulted in reduced growth and yield of sunflower. Exogenous foliar application of K significantly improved gas exchange attributes such as stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, transpiration rate and water use efficiency. It also enhanced chlorophyll pigments which resulted in increase of photosynthetic rate ultimately leading to healthy growth of plants grown under saline conditions. Root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight, dry weight and achenes weight were also increased by foliar application of K. Overall, foliar application of K significantly improved all attributes of sunflower and helped to alleviate harmful effects of salinity.

This article explores the concept of out-of-field teaching in rural schools with specific focus on its occurrence, implications, and the role of school leadership in dealing with this approach to teaching in the face of the challenges posed by COVID-19. An extensive literature review was conducted to provide a clearer conceptual understanding of this practice and the role of leadership in its execution in rural schools. Out-of-field teaching is increasingly becoming common practice around the world and it is not widely researched. There is lack of adequate research-based information and empirical data on the prevalence of this practice in third-world rural contexts. In this paper, the researchers set out to describe, document, and provide a theoretical perspective regarding the occurrence of this practice in South African rural schools. They conceptualise it against the challenge of curriculum reforms, post provisioning, rationalisation, and the redeployment processes in schools. This paper will contribute to policy and practice by exposing the centrality and fluidity of leadership in dealing with the above challenges which lead to the enactment of the out-of-field teaching approach in order to cushion the processes of teaching and learning against the external threats posed by pandemics on the system.

Background: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the available clinical evidence on the plaque removal effectiveness of charcoal-infused toothbrushes in comparison to non-charcoal brushes. Methods: An online search was conducted in major scientific databases. Inclusion criteria were experimental clinical trials conducted on participants aged 18 years or older that evaluated the plaque removal effectiveness of charcoal-infused toothbrushes compared to non-charcoal brushes, with no limitations on the language or publication date. Results: Out of 147 studies, 2 met the inclusion criteria. The Risk of Bias in the included articles was determined as “high”. The findings were mixed regarding the plaque removal effectiveness. One of the studies showed higher efficacy for charcoal-infused toothbrushes. In contrast, the other study showed a similar effect for both types of brushes. The meta-analysis could not be performed due to the small number of eligible studies, with each utilizing different outcome measures. Conclusions: Within the context of this review, it is unclear whether charcoal-infused toothbrushes are better oral hygiene aids than non-charcoal brushes. Therefore, further research over a longer duration is needed to reach a conclusive statement. Healthcare professionals and the public should be cautious when recommending or utilizing such novel products that lack enough scientific support.