The primary objective of the research study was to investigate the influence of socio-economic characteristics of university students on their financial literacy in the district of Peshawar. The population of the study includes the students of university students in the district of Peshawar. Keeping in view, financial constraints and time availability, the study consists of the target population. A sample of 200 students, 100 each from Abasyn University and City University of Science and Information Technology has been selected by using convenience sampling. An adopted questionnaire has been used for the collection of data. Both descriptive and inferential analysis have been employed for the analysis of data. All the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The parental education, financial education, student’s education level, and income level showed a significant and positive effect on the financial literacy of the students while gender showed a positive and insignificant relationship with financial literacy. The finding of the research study concluded that parental education, financial education, student’s education level, and income level were the most important factors determining student's financial literacy.

Complementing studies on the representation of political cartoons which apply metaphorical representation in the portrayal of societal ills, this study explores a multimodal metaphorical representation of selected political cartoons in Nigeria to investigate how cartoonists employed metaphors to represent the current political situation in the country. In the face of the ongoing election petitions and handover of office to the President, among other activities within the political domain in Nigeria, a number of political cartoonists have flooded the online platform with cartoons depicting visual metaphorical representations of happenings within the nation. Such metaphorical representations are semiotically showcased via such cartoons as Go to Court, the Scape Goat, Buhari’s Pet, Corruption, and Original Wahala Received by Me in the portrayal of reality that Nigeria faces today. Given the foregoing, this study combines linguistic and visual modes to form a multimodal representation of the metaphors used in the selected political cartoons. The study adopts a qualitative analysis of 10 political cartoons in Nigeria. It uses Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006, 2020) approach to multimodality and Forceville’s (1996, 2016) view of visual realisations of conceptual metaphor in constructing meaning to investigate how visual images are constructed to cue conceptual metaphors. The results of the study suggest that Nigerian political cartoons rely mainly on visual metaphors as a means of communicating their messages. In addition, the metaphors used often rely on comic, exaggerated and simplistic depictions to convey their meaning effectively and to stir a strong emotional reaction from the readers. Furthermore, the findings of the study emphasise the importance of metaphorical representation in political cartoons and its implications for public discourse. The results reveal ways to improve the power of the metaphorical messages and the impact of the cartoons on public opinion. The study contributes to the multimodal metaphor research field and reveals the Nigerian public’s underlying beliefs and ideologies.

In this study, the strength effect of partially substituting Portland Cement (PC) with epoxy-resin in making concrete was examined. A mix ratio of 1:1.87:2.67 (PC: sand: granite chippings) at water-cement ratio of 0.5 targeting a strength of 30N/mm2 was adopted. The epoxy resin was mixed with hardener at a proportion of 1:0.5 and this mixture was used to replace PC at 10% intervals starting from 0% to 40%. Six cubes were cast for each mix ratio and were cured in water at room temperature for 28 days. The first set of samples were treated by heating them in an oven to a temperature of 1000C for 1 hour before testing in compression while, the other set were not treated. Results showed that as the quantity of epoxy resin in the concrete enlarged the compressive strength values reduced. But a rise was observed at 30%. All concrete produced were structural in nature except for the heated 40% specimen. An optimal replacement strength of 32.10 N/mm2 at 30% inclusion (unheated) and lowest strength of 18.63 N/mm2 at 40% replacement (heated) were obtained. The heated samples experienced further reduction in their compressive strength values. An 8.94% drop in strength was observed between the maximum replacement values for the heated and unheated samples at 30%. In conclusion, epoxy resin concrete can be used for structural works at replacement levels up to 40%. However, if the concrete will be exposed to increased temperature of 1000C, then an optimal replacement level of 30% is recommended.

A significant issue in the application of simulation tools in production processes is the difficulty in effectively integrating these tools into existing logistics systems, which often leads to underutilization and suboptimal performance. According to a study by McKinsey & Company (2017), only 17% of companies have successfully integrated advanced simulation tools into their logistics processes, resulting in considerable inefficiencies. Additionally, a report by Gartner (2020) highlighted that 55% of organizations face significant challenges in aligning simulation technologies with their operational workflows, often due to a lack of expertise and inadequate technological infrastructure. This document provides a qualitative analysis to present a current overview of the application areas and benefits of simulation tools in intralogistics processes through a systematic literature review of 108 articles published between 2011 and 2023. The primary focus to explore is about operational warehouses processes, examining applications by country, knowledge area, simulation tool type, practical or theoretical application and implementation challenges of simulation.

In the last years increased the prescription of drugs in pediatry as pharmaceutical form of oral suspension. The same in commerce there are various producer that provide specific ready for use excipeints to make more easy to prepare OS in the galenic laboratory. Aim of this work is to verify the advantages of this pharmaceutical form to cover pediatrics dosages vs other form and also to overcome shortcomings of some crucial registered drugs. In this work are reported also scientific literature relates some ready for use product as bases- veicle for suspension and some formulations of interest.

Background: Climate change significantly affects the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases by altering temperature and rainfall patterns, thus creating favorable conditions for vectors. Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of climate change on the incidence of vector-borne diseases, focusing on temperature and rainfall patterns in Dhaka. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to November 2023 at Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka. A total of 125 patients diagnosed with dengue, malaria, and chikungunya were analyzed. Data on patient demographics, disease occurrence, and climate variables (temperature and rainfall) were collected. Regression analysis evaluated the relationship between climate factors and disease incidence. Results: Out of 125 patients, 69 (55%) had dengue, 31 (25%) had malaria, and 25 (20%) had chikungunya. Dengue cases peaked during the monsoon season (July to September), with a 35% increase compared to the dry season. A 1°C rise in temperature correlated with a 12% rise in disease incidence, while a 50 mm increase in rainfall resulted in a 15% increase in cases. Conclusion: The study confirms that rising temperatures and increased rainfall due to climate change are critical drivers of vector-borne disease transmission in Dhaka, necessitating targeted public health measures.

Choanal atresia is a congenital defect in the permeabilization of the posterior end of the nasal cavities. Its bilateral form is responsible for respiratory distress that can be life-threatening. The unilateral form was suspected in view of the permanent unilateral right nasal obstruction. We report the observation of two clinical cases admitted to the Radiology and Medical Imaging department, CHU GT of Bamako (Mali). The aim of our study was to highlight the importance of screening for this condition at birth. Surgical treatment allowed us to obtain an overall success rate of 100%. Divulsion was used to pass the emergency stage after short-term palliative medical treatment in the case of bilateral choanal atresia. The operative techniques used were divulsion and nasal endoscopic route.

Background: Plasma lipids are precursors of adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones, bile acids as well as important component of animal cell wall. However, abnormal plasma lipids are major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases globally. Researchers are currently considering lifestyle modification such as exercise, as an approach to maintaining normal plasma lipids level as well as addressing abnormal ones. Methodology: This study investigated the effect of lifestyle modification (vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen) on plasma triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol of adults in Benue State University, Makurdi. The design of the study was guided by two research questions. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted two group pretest posttest quasi experimental design. The study population comprises twenty-one (21) Benue State University staff in the experimental group, and another twenty-one (21) for the control group. The proforma used for the data collection was validated by three experts, one from measurement and evaluation, one from the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education and one from College of Health Sciences; all in Benue State University, Makurdi. Data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25). A descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, and inferential statistics, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Paired Samples Test were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that out of the 21 participants in the two groups, 12(57.14%) were males, while 9(42.86%) were females. The age range in the control group was between 28 to 65years, while that of the experimental group was between 36-68years. Vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen was found to have statistically significant effect on plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.000<0.05). Even though plasma triglyceride was found to be reduced by vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen, the level of the reduction was found not to be statistically significant (P = 0.293 > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that healthcare workers should henceforth incorporate vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen prescription in public health awareness on the maintenance of plasma level of triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, as well as clinical management of patients with abnormal plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Background: Peri-implantitis is a significant complication in implant dentistry, characterized by the progressive loss of bone support around implants, often exacerbated by heavy bacterial colonization in dental plaque. Smoking, a known risk factor for periodontal disease, may adversely affect peri-implant tissue health and treatment outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aims to analyze the impact of smoking on the clinical treatment outcomes of peri-implantitis in adult patients, focusing on key clinical parameters and the effectiveness of various treatment modalities. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords related to smoking and peri-implantitis treatment to identify relevant articles published in English language without any restriction for the time of publication until 30th September 2024. Studies were included on the eligibility criteria, emphasizing adult smokers with diagnosed peri-implantitis undergoing various treatments. Data extraction focused on clinical parameters outcomes including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and bone levels. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting that smokers exhibited higher PI, BOP, and PD at baseline compared to non-smokers. Adjunctive therapies, particularly antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), significantly improved clinical parameters in smokers. However, smokers demonstrated less favorable outcomes in gingival recession and bone levels post-treatment. Conclusion: Smoking negatively impacts the treatment outcomes of peri-implantitis, with smokers showing heightened inflammatory responses and less improvement in clinical parameters. Clinicians should consider smoking status when planning treatment protocols for peri-implantitis to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to develop targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.

Background: Access to safe and effective abortion services plays a vital role in safeguarding women's reproductive health, ultimately contributing to their overall well-being. This is particularly relevant in Bangladesh, where the legality of abortion is contingent upon specific circumstances. Therefore, ensuring women have the autonomy to choose between safe and effective termination methods becomes crucial. Objective: The study aims to see explore the efficacy, safety, and accessibility of mifepristone-misoprostol regimen and surgical abortion methods within the context of Bangladesh. Methods: This investigation employed a cross-sectional observational design, conducted within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dhaka National Medical College in Bangladesh. The study spanned one year, commencing in March 2023 and concluding in February 2024. To ensure a representative sample of the patient population seeking abortion services, consecutive sampling was utilized. This approach involved recruiting all patients admitted during the designated timeframe who fulfilled the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, the study enrolled 104 participants, a sample size determined by the number of admissions fitting the criteria within the one year. Results: The study found no significant difference in age distribution between women choosing medical or surgical abortion, with both groups mainly consisting of women aged 18-25. Overall complication rates were similar, but medical abortion had a higher need for additional procedures and longer stays, while surgical abortion required more bleeding observation. Pain experiences differed significantly, with no women in the medical group reporting no pain and a higher prevalence of moderate pain compared to surgical abortion. Women undergoing medical abortion were slightly more likely to experience complications overall, and primigravid women (first pregnancy) were significantly more likely to experience complications than multigravid women. Conclusion: Our findings suggest comparable safety profiles for both surgical and medical abortion procedures within the studied population. This indicates that surgical abortion can be a safe and effective option alongside medical abortion, potentially expanding the range of choices offered to women.

Background: During pregnancy, there are notable changes in cardiovascular function to meet the increasing needs of the developing baby. The objective of this study was to compare ECG in pregnant women during their second and third trimesters with a control group of non-pregnant women in Bangladesh. This study aims to offer valuable insights into the cardiovascular changes that happen during pregnancy. This study's findings are important for maternal health research and clinical practice in Bangladesh and beyond. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the ECG variations in women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: The study took place in the gynecology Department at CMH Saidpur, Bangladesh. This study was conducted from March 2023 to August 2023. During this period, 75 pregnant patients in their 2nd trimester and 75 patients in their 3rd trimester were chosen as cases from antenatal outdoor, while 75 non-pregnant women of the same age were selected as the control group. We use the purposive sampling method. Results: During pregnancy, there were notable changes in BMI, heart rate, and PR interval. BMI decreased in the second trimester and increased in the third trimester.22.67% were nulliparous and 77.33% were multiparous in 2nd trimester. In the third trimester, 26.67% were nulliparous and 73.33% multiparous. So, no significant difference in parity. Heart rate increased in both trimesters, while the PR interval shortened in both trimesters. No significant changes were observed in the durations of the QRS complex or QT interval. In our study, the QTc interval displayed a significant rise. ST depression, which may suggest decreased blood flow, was exclusively seen in pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester. Conclusion: We found no significant changes in age, but BMI, heart rate, and PR interval were significantly different from the control group throughout pregnancy. No significant QRS complex or QT interval duration changes were identified. The QTc interval rose. ST depression, more prominent in the third trimester, only affected pregnant women. As shown by ST depression, pregnancy may change cardiac function, electrical activity, and ischemia.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of energy metabolism caused by lack or decrease in the effectiveness of insulin, and is characterised by an abnormally elevated blood glucose concentrations and the development of macrovascular, microvascular and/or neuropathic complications. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most debilitating outcomes of diabetes mellitus, and may cause pain, decreased mobility as well as amputation. Diabetes can damage the peripheral nervous system (PNS), through the induction of de-myelination in neurones, precipitated by chronic hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress, and causing a condition that involves the upper and lower limbs. Objective: The study discussed the risk factors for insulin resistance and pre-diabetes, type II diabetes mellitus and vascular complications, cellular and molecular basis of DN, physiopathological mechanisms, and the pharmacological treatment of DN. Method: The study examined journal articles and standard textbooks, as it relates to diabetes mellitus and its complications. Search for articles on DN was carried out in the literature. These were identified and reviewed for selection using chemical abstracts service, pubmed, google scholar, crossreference, web of science, pubmed central free article, and scopus. The key words used for search were: diabetic neuropathy; diabetic peripheral neuropathy; peripheral neuropathy; microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus; and neuromuscular complications of diabetes mellitus. Result & Discussion: Two hundred and fifty (250) articles and other works were identified, while ninety-seven (97) articles and non-journal materials were extracted and reviewed, taking into account the criteria for selection. Studies done in the last 4.5 decades were included, while works written on other languages, outside English were excluded. Findings indicate that DN is a complex disorder that affects the peripheral and/or cranial nerves, which is caused by unattended or poorly attended, long-term increase in blood glucose concentrations. It relatively manifests early, affecting a significant proportion of the micro-blood vessels in the middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. DN causes numbness, loss of sensation, and sometimes pain in the feet, legs, arms or hands. Hyperglycaemia causes the activation and inhibition of several molecular pathways that are crucial for homeostasis in neuronal and neuroglial cells. Conclusion: DN is the commonest complication of diabetes mellitus. It has no known definitive therapy. Treatment is essentially symptomatic with huge economic and psychological burden, hence the rationale for a cost effective and targeted therapies. Achieving euglycaemia using anti-diabetic regimens (i.e., insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents), foot care, changes in feeding habits and lifestyle modification are critical to holistically address the problem.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication that can have adverse effects on both the mother and the child. Visfatin, an adipokine, has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. Still, the association between maternal serum visfatin concentration and GDM remains unclear, particularly in the Bangladeshi female population. This study investigated the association between maternal serum visfatin concentration and GDM in the Bangladeshi female population. Methods: A total of 69 patients participated in this study, including 34 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, cases) and 35 patients without GDM (non-GDM, controls). Maternal age, gravida, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile were assessed. Serum visfatin concentrations were measured and compared between the two groups. Results: The GDM group had significantly lower serum visfatin concentrations compared to the non-GDM group (0.72±0.38 ng/ml vs 1.12±0.7 ng/ml, p<0.001). The Mean±SD of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were 5.83±0.61, 15.77±3.95, and 4.07±1.09 respectively which were significantly higher in the GDM group. In the serum lipid profile study, the Mean±SD value of TG and HDL (3.05±0.82 and 1.63±0.32) in the GDM group were also significantly higher than that of the non-GDM group (2.45±0.88 and 1.49±0.36) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that lower maternal serum visfatin concentrations are associated with GDM and visfatin levels are inversely related to insulin resistance in women with GDM. Consequently, a potential role of visfatin in the pathogenesis and management of GDM is associated with the Bangladeshi population and thus visfatin may represent a novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for GDM. Therefore, further research will be valuable to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the clinical implications of these associations.

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, poses substantial challenges to affected individuals, with plaque psoriasis being the most prevalent form. Despite advancements in treatment, including biologic drugs and oral small molecules, there remains a need for effective, accessible, and safe therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Deucravacitinib, a novel oral small molecule targeting Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2), emerges as a promising option in psoriasis management. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Skin, and Embase, up to February 16, 2023. Manuscripts were selected and analyzed following PRISMA guidelines. Relevant keywords such as "psoriasis," "oral small molecules," "deucravacitinib," "efficacy," and "safety" were used. Various types of manuscripts, including reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and real-life experiences, were considered. Abstracts and full texts of selected articles were reviewed, and references were cross-checked. Results: A total of four completed trials and six ongoing studies were included in the review. Completed studies demonstrated the efficacy of deucravacitinib, with significant improvements in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores compared to placebo and apremilast. Notably, deucravacitinib showed superiority in achieving PASI 75, 90, and 100 responses. Safety profiles were generally favorable, with common adverse events including nasopharyngitis, headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Conclusion: Deucravacitinib emerges as an innovative and valuable option for psoriasis management, offering promising efficacy and safety outcomes in clinical trials. While further research is warranted to validate its efficacy and compare it with existing therapies, deucravacitinib holds potential as a significant addition to the psoriasis treatment armamentarium.

India has a rich diversity of languages, with over 1,600 languages spoken across the nation. Sanskrit, an ancient, classical sacerdotal language of India, has a rich morphosyntactic influence on Bhadarwahi. This study aims to analyze the key linguistic similarities and differences between Bhadarwahi and Sanskrit, elaborating on vocabulary, origin, and word order while also emphasizing the potential contributions of Sanskrit to Bhadarwahi. The paper uses a comparative analysis method, and investigates word order, revealing how Bhadarwahi and Sanskrit use the same word order structures such as subject-object-verb (SOV). This study expands our understanding of linguistic diversity, as languages continually shape and are shaped by one another.