The global climate continues to deteriorate, resulting in excessive carbon emissions, heavy metal pollution possesses serious threats to human life and modern civilization. The concentration of Zn, Fe, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd in soil and rice grown in two locations (A and B) AROUND Edozhigi river were determined using standard methods og analysis. Results obtained for location A, indicate high concentration of Zn 9.75±0.55, 9.61±0.54, 1.03±0.58 and 1.69±0.66 mg/kg in soil, root, stem and seed of rice plant respectively. The order of Zn concentration of Zn metal in location B is 2.07±0.55 (soil) > 1.70±0.54 (root) > 1.67±0.58 (stem) > 1.27±0.66 (seed). Concentration of Fe (mg/kg) in soil (25.50±0.00) and root (26.32±0.00) from location B were significantly higher than those of stem (8.46±0.00 mg/kg) and seed (6.98±0.00 mg/kg) respectively. Concentration of Cu (mg/kg) in soil, root, stem and seed from location A and B were between 0.00±0.00 - 0.03±0.40 mg/kg respectively. The low concentration of these metals in soil around Edozhigi river makes the soil fit for growing crops.

Data shows sudden cardiac arrest is still one of the leading causes of death in Europe and the United States (Berdowski et al., 2010). Healthcare professionals must provide immediate and proper resuscitation, which directly impacts the patient likelihood of survival. Mock code drills play a pivotal role in healthcare education and training, by enhancing the participants' confidence levels. This increased confidence, in turn, contributes to improved clinical performance and patient outcomes. Within the hospital setting, resources and personnel are readily available in the event of a medical emergency, however in the outpatient setting the stakes may be higher due to lessened resources and manpower (Urman, Punwani and Shapiro, 2012). To date, there is very little research surrounding medical emergencies in the outpatient settings, this highlights the need for further investigation as cardiac arrest is a high risk low volume emergency that many healthcare professionals feel unprepared and ill equipped for (Monachino et al., 2019). This Quality Improvement (QI) project explored the impact of mock code blue drills on healthcare professional’s confidence levels in the outpatient setting. Over three months, monthly code blue drills were conducted in two separate outpatient locations. Staff involved in this QI completed a pre and post drill survey consisting of nine statement with five-point Likert scaling assessing their confidence levels. Results in this QI showed an overall improvement in the confidence of clinical staff after taking part in mock code blue drills. There were limitations to this QI including a low response rate, small sample size, as well as external factors such as a faulty public announcement system impacting the drills. Future recommendations include increased frequency of drills, qualitative research to explore staff’s perceptions and high-quality simulation equipment. Code blue drills should be completed every three months to safeguard patient safety and promote staff responsiveness in a true cardiac arrest event.

The halal lifestyle is now widely adopted in Muslims' lives, including medical practice. The study aims to determine the level and correlation of knowledge, perception, and attitude of doctors toward readiness to enter the era of mandatory halal certification of drugs and the demographic factors that influence it. A cross-sectional study was conducted online using a questionnaire validated by experts and previous validation and reliability tests. This study was attended by 400 respondents from five provinces in Java, using purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that doctors had sufficient knowledge (mean 38.50 ± 2.293), sufficient perception (mean 40.92 ± 5.076), and sufficient attitude (mean 39.14 ± 4.523) towards halal drugs. There is a weak correlation between knowledge perception (r=0.306, p<0.05), a very weak correlation between knowledge attitude (r=0.297, p<0.05), and a robust correlation between perception attitude (r=0.828, p<0.05). Doctors' knowledge, perception, and attitudes about halal medicine influence each other (p value<0.05). Factors such as workplace, position, and length of service influence knowledge (p value<0.05), and age, workplace, position, and length of service influence perception and attitude (p value<0.05.) of doctors about halal medicine. It is concluded that doctors have sufficient knowledge, perception, and attitude and influence each other; the correlation between knowledge-perception is weak, knowledge-attitude is very weak, and perception-attitude is very strong. Age has a relationship with knowledge, perception, and attitude, education has a relationship with knowledge, and the workplace has a relationship with doctors' perception of halal medicine.

The civil service played a critical role in fostering socio-economic development, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This paper examined the role of the civil service in driving socio-economic progress, with a focus on Akwa Ibom State. The study assessed how civil service structures and policies influenced key areas such as employment generation, economic growth, infrastructure development, and public service delivery. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher utilized both descriptive and ex post facto research designs to analyze civil service operations and their impact on socio-economic development. The descriptive design provided a detailed overview of the current state of civil service practices, while the ex post facto design allowed for the examination of past policies and their outcomes without manipulating variables. Data were collected from a variety of secondary sources, including textbooks that offered foundational knowledge, journals with empirical studies, civil service information handbooks detailing regulations, and government bulletins providing insights on policies and challenges. The findings revealed that inadequate allocation of resources; bureaucratic delays, corruption, and ineffective human resource management were major factors that hindered the civil service's ability to achieve socio-economic development. The paper concluded with recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of the civil service, including policy reforms, capacity building, and strategic leadership, to better align with national development goals in Akwa Ibom State.

Background: Management of IUFD has immense significance in today’s obstetric practice. To summarize, dinoprostone gel, misoprostol and intra cervical catheter can be used for induction of labour in second and third trimester IUFD. Mechanical methods, i.e. the use of Foley’s catheter balloon, though effective have not gained much popularity because of the fear of infection. Objective: To observed the complications of induction of labor with Foley's catheter in patients with a previous cesarean section. Materials and Methods: The observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 52 patients with singleton pregnancy with IUFD, at ≥28 weeks of gestation was attending in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynae were included in this study. Details of history, general physical and systemic examination, ultrasonography, basic laboratory investigations like haemoglobin level, and DIC profile were recorded. Results: Forty three (82.7%) received augmentation with oxytocin, 3(5.8%) developed scar tenderness and 8(15.4%) had failed induction. Failed ICC was found 8 cases, among them 5(62.5%) had dinoprostone gel used followed by vaginal birth, 2(25.0%) had LUCS and 1(12.5%) had laparotomy. Induction delivery interval was found 16.3±5.5 hours. Regarding maternal outcome 49(94.2%) patients had normal vaginal delivery, 4(7.7%) had PPH, 3(5.8%) had fever, 2(3.8%) were ICU admission, 1(1.9%) had laparotomy and 1(1.9%) had rupture uterus. Conclusion: Common maternal complications were PPH, fever, ICU admission, laparotomy and rupture uterus. Induction can be done safely in carefully selected cases of previous LSCS with Foley’s Balloon.

This article analyzes the famous soliloquies in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet through the concept of ideational function in Halliday’s systemic functional grammar theory. The focus is on how this theory reveals the deep structure of the text and the complex psychology of the characters, particularly through six processes of ideational function. The analysis demonstrates that these processes not only enhance the understanding of Hamlet’s inner conflicts but also highlight the philosophical reflections embedded in the text. The article emphasizes that while systemic functional grammar theory provides rich perspectives and profound insights for literary text analysis. Overall, this theory offers a structured analytical framework for understanding Hamlet and deepens the appreciation of this classic text.

Epilepsy requires a constant medication during pregnancy. Maintaining, monitoring and a stability of pregnant women with epilepsy between restricting seizures and reducing fetal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs are essential. Major and minor malformations were presented in children subjected to the antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. This review article aimed to highlight some of antiepileptic drugs as potential teratogen to understand the associated congenital malformation risks with these drugs, differences in hazards between several selection treatment are essential to safe both mother and fetus.