In the moment it is on the market you can meet different types of impression materials differing in their properties and chemical composition. The purpose of the work was to test the cytotoxicity of various types of materials for taking impressions. Material and methods: Samples of 7 different materials (alginates, silicones, impression compound, zinc oxide eugenol, and acrylic) were tested on cell culture Vero CCL-81 in direct contact for a period of 2 hours. Results: One alginate material Elastic Cromo (71.35%) and Impression Compound (80.42%) haven’t negative influence on the cell cultures. Others significantly inhibit the development of cell cultures (Image 34.25%, Zetaplus 11.45%, Stomaflex Putty 8.02%, Repin 10.37%, FITT 28.92%). Conclusion: Most of the impression materials tested have cytotoxic properties.

Background: Radiologic diagnostic methods for internal resorption include conventional periapical radiography (PA radiography), Complementary metal Oxide Semiconductor imaging (CMOS), Photostimulable phosphor (PSP) imaging and Cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). This study aims to examine the sensitivity and specificity of CBCT, PSP, CCD, and PA Radiography for early diagnosis of internal resorption. Material & methods: 72 single-rooted premolars were divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The teeth were split mesiodistally into two parts. Cavities of 0.3 mm depth were created on the buccal half of the root in middle one third in Group A. In Group B cavities of 0.4 mm, Group C cavities of 0.6 mm and in control Group D no cavities were created. Finally, the teeth fragments were fused using glue, fixed in sockets of one human dry mandible and were examined with the four different procedures. Results: The sensitivity of the four imaging procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption of 0.3 mm was 100%, 60%, 73%, and 53% respectively. However, the sensitivity of all four procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption with 0.4mm and 0.6 mm in depth was the same and equal to 100%. The specificity of the four procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption of any depth was100%, 83%, 100%, and 75% respectively. Conclusion: CBCT provides the most accurate information on the depth and location of root resorption followed by the CMOS and PSP respectively. Conventional intraoral periapical radiography was the least accurate procedure.

Aim of study: The purpose of the study is to understand the knowledge of CAD/CAM amongst various prosthodontists and the materials that they use while fabricating restorations considering the features of this technology. Methodology of study: A questionnaire survey was conducted over an year amongst 40 prosthodontists about the CAD/CAM technology, the materials they generally use to fabricate the restorations and how often they use this technology in their daily practice. Results: Mostly feldspathic porcelain was used in inlays and onlays as well as veneers (76%) whereas only a fraction of prosthodontists used lithium disilicate based materials. In anterior three-unit restorations, many options were considered from porcelain fused to metal (54%), lithium disilicate based materials (28%), to others using cubic zirconia also. In multi- unit posterior restorations, full metal was the commonest (63%) as compared to full contour zirconia. Conclusion: With the advancement taking place digital systems and CAD/ CAM has the potential to change the conventional technologies.

Aim of the study: This study was conducted to demonstrate which treatment option was preferable for the endodontists between single sitting versus multiple sitting Root Canal treatment for posterior teeth. Materials and methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 30 Endodontists to understand their knowledge and selection of cases where single or multiple sitting RCTs are preferred over a time period of a year. Results: Single visit therapy is mostly practiced by practically 65.0% of all endodontists interviewed in cases of vital pulp, but when the biological status of the pulp progresses to being necrotic, then very few still choose this treatment type. Anterior teeth were mostly done in a single sitting as compared to posterior teeth RCTs. Conclusion: The practitioner should not routinely apply one technique to all situations, but rather evaluate the circumstances peculiar to each particular case and then choose the technique that best fits those circumstances.

Diagnosis of salivary gland tumours (SGTs) pose a challenge even to the experienced pathologist and immunohistochemistry may be a useful adjunct. Aim of this study is to assess the degree of differential expression of α-SMA among salivary gland tumours, and to evaluate the possible diagnostic benefits. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues blocks obtained from SGTs were stained using α-SMA monoclonal antibody. Immunoreactivity were scored based on Regezi method, with 0 indicating nonreactive, 1+ representing scattered spotty staining, 2+ indicating up to 25% of tumour cells positive, 3+ indicating between 25% to 50% tumour cells positive, and 4+ indicating more than 50%. Scores of 1+ and 2+ were regarded as low reactivity, 3+ was regarded as moderate reactivity, and 4+ was regarded as high reactivity. Data was analyzed and p-value <0.05 was regarded as significant. Out of the 42 cases of SGTs studied, 33 (78.6%) expressed α-SMA. The highest α-SMA score observed in adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma and basal cell adenoma was 4+, followed by peak score of 3+ observed in polymorphous adenocarcinoma, while 2+ was the highest score in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epimyoepithelial carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma did not express α-SMA in all cases studied. There was significant differential expression of α-SMA between acinic cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0.009); mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma (p=0.048); mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0.004). In conclusion, α-SMA may be useful in the exclusion of acinic cell carcinoma and in the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Introduction: Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor is a most common anomaly that needs to be treated orthodontically in patients who does not prefer prosthesis. This case report will explain a novel approach to treat the agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor using skeletal anchorage system. Method: 20 years old female patients reported with a chief complaint of spacing and forwardly placed upper front teeth. On diagnosis, Angle`s class I dentoalveolar malocclusion on a class I skeletal base was evident with congenitally missing 12. Patient preferred for space closure of 12 regions. Bollard plate was surgically placed on left maxillary tuberosity. 2 TADs were inserted between 14, 15 & 22, 23. Initial alignment of teeth, levelling of bracket slots and space closure in 12 regions were achieved. Brass hooks were soldered on 0.021" X 0.025" SS arch wire at 2 spots - between 11, 21; 22, 23. E chain was given from bollard plates to hook between 22, 23. Also force was given from TAD placed on left quadrant to the hook soldered between 11, 21 and another between TAD of the right quadrant to the 2nd molar to achieve complete skewing of the arch and mesialisation of molar on right side to achieve class II molar relation. Result: Angle`s class II subdivision dentoalveolar malocclusion on a class I skeletal base was achieved with complete skewing of the dental arch to the left side using skeletal anchorage system.