The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of viral load on Tenofovir (TDF)+Lamivudine (3TC) +Dolutegravir (DTG) (TLD) in PLVAs newly initiated on ART. The study took place at the Psycho Medico-Social Support Center (APMS) in N’Djamena over a period of 12 months. Sociodemographic data and viral load (VL) data were collected using a pre-established form. The VC examination was performed using the BIOCENTRIC molecular biology platform. A total of 120 patients were included in this study. Analyses showed a highly significant decrease in CVs during TLD follow-up (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with a suppressed viral load (CV <1000 copies/m) was 20,8% at M0, 98.3% at M3, 93.3% at M6 and 95% at M12. These results show that the Dolutegravir-based therapeutic line is remains an essential pillar in HIV ART.

Introduction: Patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis face an increased risk of urinary tract infections due to impaired immunity and altered physiology. Distinguishing asymptomatic bacteriuria from clinically significant infection is vital to combat rising antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and microbial profiles of bacteriuria in hemodialysis dependent patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Gujarat, India. Data was collected from electronic medical record of patients along with urine culture finding and other clinical details to study further for the duration of April 2021 and March 2025. Clinically significant isolates were reviewed while excluding duplicate isolates from same patients. Study was approved by institutional ethics committee. Results: Out of total 17755 various culture samples received from dialysis-patients, 3022 urine cultures were received and from those total 772 urine cultures reported with bacterial growth during the studied duration. The cohort had a mean age of 55.1 years with a female predominance (58.7%). Gram-negative bacteria (≈80%) dominated, primarily Escherichia coli (57.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%). High resistance was observed against cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Enterococcus faecium exhibited significant resistance to vancomycin (20.8%). Prior antibiotic exposure was high at 76.9%. Resistance was more frequently associated with patients having no fixed dialysis schedule and those receiving antibiotics within 24 hours of enrolment. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients frequently harbor multidrug-resistant pathogens. The high prevalence of ESBL producing and MDR strains necessitates robust antibiotic stewardship and reliance on local antibiograms to guide therapy and minimize unnecessary treatment of asymptomatic cases.

Introduction: Miliary tuberculosis represents one of the most severe and life-threatening forms of tuberculosis. It is characterized by widespread hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological, therapeutic, and outcome characteristics of miliary tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over a two-year period, from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. Medical records of patients hospitalized for miliary tuberculosis in the Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology at Moulay Youssef University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 43 years, with a male predominance (64%). A history of tuberculosis was found in 2 patients, and recent close contact with a tuberculosis case was identified in 5 patients. Four cases of miliary tuberculosis occurred following immunosuppressive therapy, including 3 patients who had previously received preventive anti-tuberculosis treatment. The clinical presentation was dominated by fever, night sweats, general condition deterioration, dyspnea, and cough. Extra-respiratory manifestations were observed in 17% of cases. Typical radiological findings were present in 91% of patients, while sputum smear microscopy was positive in 15%. Anti-tuberculosis treatment based on a four-drug regimen (ERIPK4) was initiated urgently in most cases. Complications occurred in 11 patients, including disease-related and treatment-related complications. The in-hospital case fatality rate was 17.7%. Conclusion: Miliary tuberculosis remains a severe and potentially life-threatening condition. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate anti-tuberculosis therapy are essential to improve patient outcomes.

Background: Actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, granulomatous disease that can be mistaken for a malignant tumor. Abdominopelvic actinomycosis constitutes about 20% of all actinomycosis cases and may mimic malignancy, tuberculosis, or other abdominopelvic inflammatory diseases. This condition is more prevalent in women who use an intrauterine device. We report the case of a 38 year old female, known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a down 3 year history of right sided abdominal pain and discomfort, weight loss with a previous history of intrauterine device for 5 years she has undergone evaluation for her complaints at multiple times in a peripheral health care centers with colonoscopy and mucosal biopsies and treated for inflammatory bowel disease. CECT Enterogram showed wall thickening involving the IC junction and medial wall of caecum and she undergone laprotomy and right hemicolectomy. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens showed actinomycosis in the caecal wall. The findings were immediately informed to the clinician and advised for a prompt further evaluation and management.