Salmonella, major food-borne illness among human and animals where poultry being primary source of infection. Current strategies, vaccination, antibiotics, feed additives, help to reduce the infection in poultry but insufficient for long-term protection. This study's aim to compare the efficacy of three antibiotics used for salmonellosis treatment in poultry. Experimentally, rabbits (n=12) 8 weeks old, were divided into four (4) groups (A, B, C and D), three animals in each group. Animals initially kept for five days in their respective wooden cages, fed on commercial diet. The blood samples from typhoid infected human patients (n=5) were collected from Jinnah hospital Lahore to isolate bacteria by culturing on blood agar media. Culture filtrate (5 mL) of salmonella typhi was injected to experimental rabbits except control group. After 48 hours collected blood samples of three antibiotics treated groups were subjected for genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification of flipC gene. For experiment trail, the experimental groups were subjected on three antibiotics treatments with oral dose (50mg/kg) for ten days. Group-A (control) untreated, group-B (ciprofloxacin), group-C (azithromycin) and group-D (cefotaxime). During drug delivery, feces of rabbits were collected on 1st, 4th, and 7th day for comparative analysis of drug efficacy by calculating CFU/mL grown on blood agar medium. Body weight analysis showed an increase in weight of untreated group while gradual decrease for experimental groups, which indicated the effect of infection and poor absorption of nutrients. Salmonella infection was confirmed through PCR gene mapping test which was observed in all infected animals. Lesser CFU/mL (68.33) with grey-white colonies were observed in animal of group-B, 107 CFU/mL with opaque colored colonies (group-C) and 89 CFU/mL with moist, circular, smooth convex surface colonies (group-D). Thus ciprofloxacin (group-B) revealed as most effective antibiotic against Salmonella infection with more efficacy. These findings would be helpful for the farmers to use this antibiotic at poultry flocks against salmonellosis.

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a well-recognized vascular lesion that primarily affects the skin, following the course of three stages; patch, plaque and nodules. It is strongly associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nevertheless, it is a rare presentation in immunocompetent individuals. Case presentation: A seronegative middle-aged Saudi man with history of nasal Kaposi sarcoma, presents with a recurrent dusky brown nodular lesion on the thigh. Histopathologic examination showed a spindle cell lesion with intervening slit-like vascular spaces that are immunoreactive to HHV8. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma can occur and recur in the setting of HIV-seronegative healthy individuals, whom they present with a nodular vascular skin lesion. We recommend the assessment of HHV8 status in such lesions, despite seronegative HIV status.

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Despite its benign histological appearance, rare cases demonstrate metastatic potential without malignant transformation, termed metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA). Case Presentation: Here in we report a case of a 32-year-old female with no comorbidities, presenting with a left parapharyngeal mass. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, lobulated lesion inseparable from the deep lobe of the parotid, with heterogeneous enhancement and cystic/necrotic components. Histo pathological examination of the resected mass revealed pleomorphic adenoma. Interestingly, metastatic deposits with identical histology were identified within the excised cervical lymph node. Conclusion: This case highlights the paradoxical behavior of pleomorphic adenoma, which, although histologically benign, may metastasize. Awareness of MPA is crucial for clinicians to ensure long-term surveillance following the excision of pleomorphic adenomas.