Background: Dengue fever, a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes, significantly increases morbidity and mortality rates, and its incidence has risen rapidly globally over the past two decades, posing severe public health challenges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue fever among patients with clinically suspected acute febrile illness at Kalkaal Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: This retrospective study involved patients who attended outpatient clinics at Kalkaal Hospital in Mogadishu (Somalia) between November 2022 and December 2023 to determine the prevalence of dengue fever among patients with clinically suspected acute febrile illness. Logistic regression data analysis was used. Findings: A total of 199,779 patients attended Kalkaal Hospital outpatient clinics during the study period. Of the 4,507 patients who showed dengue symptoms, 264 (5.9%) were positive. This study showed that patients aged <18 years were three times more likely to have dengue fever when compared with those aged ≥18 years (odds ratio: 3.33, 95% confidence interval: 2.57–4.31, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study reveals a 6% dengue fever burden among study subjects, with males and those under 18 years old showing higher infection susceptibility. However, this is a single-center study, and future research involving more regions and hospitals may yield more conclusive results. Therefore, we recommend promoting dengue vector control surveillance.

The study was performed on 31 blood samples collected from children (14 males and 17 females) from Different governorate they were suspected to infection with visceral leishmaniasis were they visited the central public health laboratories in Baghdad their ages ranged from (6 month – 9 years). All data were collected to each patients which included (name, ages and clinical sign and symptoms. All sera were tested by Immunofluorescent Antibodies Assay (IFAT) while interleukin -40 detected by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results Indicated that (19) patients with fever, (22) patients with Hepatosplenomegally and (9) patients with different sign and Symptoms. only (8) out of 31 patients produced specific antibodies to visceral leishmaniasis by IFAT Assay. Also, the results indicated increase significantly the level of interleukin -40 in patients in comparison with healthy control.

Endometrioid borderline tumours (EBTs) of the ovary are uncommon, comprising about 0.2% of all epithelial ovarian tumours. Here we report a case of ovarian endometrioid borderline adenofibroma because of its rarity, emphasising on its challenging histological diagnosis and the significance of uterine curettage to exclude synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma. A 64-year-old woman presented with post-menopausal bleeding and pan hysterectomy was performed. Uterus showed atrophic endometrium with an adenomyomatous polyp and left ovary showed a nodulocystic mass measuring 7.5 x 5 x 5cm which was diagnosed as a case of endometrioid borderline adenofibroma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) in comparison to those with common mechanical pathologies and to explore the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Methods: This case-control study in Morocco compared patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) and those with degenerative mechanical pathologies. Data were collected via questionnaires from December 2021 to December 2022, assessing demographics, medical history, and vaccine hesitancy. Differences between groups were assessed using chi-square tests and t-tests. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Results: One-hundred-fifteen patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) were included (median age 49 years, 75.7% women). The majority had rheumatoid arthritis (54.9%) and were on biological treatment (63.2%). About 83% were vaccinated against COVID-19, with 70% reporting no post-vaccination adverse events. Vaccine hesitancy was high (68%), primarily due to fear of adverse events (57.1%). Age was negatively associated with reluctance, but no association was found with gender, education, or CIRD type. In the control group (74 patients, median age 59.5 years, 87.8% women), 92% were vaccinated. Vaccine hesitancy was 74.3%, mainly due to fear of adverse events (59.6%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant negative association between age and vaccine hesitancy (OR = 0.905, p = 0.023), with no associations to gender or education. Conclusions: High COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was observed in both patient groups, mainly due to concerns about side effects, worsening conditions, low trust in the healthcare system, and insufficient information. Age was also a factor, with younger individuals showing higher reluctance. Increasing awareness is essential to build trust and promote vaccination for herd immunity.

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is an extremely rare salivary gland-type tumor that arises from submucosal bronchial glands and accounts for less than 1% of lung tumors. Here we describe a very unusual case of high-grade PMEC in a 17-year-old male, in whom low-grade tumors are more common. The clinical course was characterized by extensive mediastinal involvement, ipsilateral hilar lymph node metastasis with extranodal extension, and bronchial margins involved with disease. PET-CT and FNAC was done as part of the diagnostic process followed by chemotherapy, surgical debulking, and left pneumonectomy. Pathology confirmed high-grade tumor with multiple adverse prognostic features. This case demonstrates how difficult it is to diagnose PMEC in adolescents and that even if diagnosed early, high-grade PMEC can have aggressive biological behavior requiring tailored management approaches involving multidisciplinary teams.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections affecting individuals worldwide, often leading to significant morbidity if untreated. Accurate bacteriological profiling of urinary isolates is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from urine samples and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in a tertiary care hospital setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year (January 2024 to December 2024), where urine samples from suspected UTI patients were cultured and bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI -2024) guidelines using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results revealed Escherichia coli as the predominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nitrofurantoin and amikacin showed the highest susceptibility rates, whereas a notable resistance to Fluoroquinolones was observed. These findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance of urinary pathogens and their resistance profiles to guide empirical treatment and combat the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in hospital settings. Implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs is imperative to optimize antibiotic use and improve patient outcomes.

A comparison of Automated and manual methods to determine the hemoglobin concentration and Hematocrit was done using a specified sample size of randomly selected patients. All the samples were subjected to Hb and Hematocrit estimation by using both manual and Automated methods. A significant difference between manual and automated Hct mehods was found. There was a good correlation between Cyanmeth-Hb and Automated method. The Cyanmeth-Hb is a gold standard for Hb estimation and also carries a biotoxic hazard. However, there was a statistically significant difference between Sahli’s and cyanmeth- Hb method, but there was a good correlation. The Hct estimation by manual and automated methods showed an excellent relationship and no significant difference was noted between two methods and that can be used interchangeably.