Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanomas are rare tumors arise from precursor leptomeningeal melanocytes that are scattered throughout the arachnoid membranes. The nodular form of primary CNS melanoma manifests as a solitary, discrete neoplasm with a predilection for the spinal cord and posterior fossa. Around 100 cases of primary CNS melanoma reported in the literature. Here, we report the first case in Saudi Arabia of a 55-year-old man who presented with nausea, vomiting, and sudden loss of consciousness. CT brain with contrast showed a left temporal lesion, which was resected and histologically proved to be primary CNS melanoma.

A total of 223 pap tests done on women who attended the outpatient ward for follow-up visits after posthystrectomy for malignant and benign indications between the years 2015 to till date in Mamata Medical College, Khammam and Mamata academy of medical sciences, Bachupally Hyderabad. Each woman under investigation had a clinical history, gynecological examination and a sample collected from the vaginal vault by using cytobrush or Ayres’s spatula for preparing the Pap smear in the pathology department to study the vaginal vault cytology. A vaginal biopsy was also taken in possible cases for histopathology. Aims and objectives: Early detection of invasive and pre-invasive lesions in the vaginal vault in post hysterectomy patients by using Pap test as a Primary screening procedure. To determine the use and effectiveness of Pap smears in detecting Recurrent and primary malignant lesions on vaginal vault samples in post-hysterectomy patients.

NS1 antigen, known as Non Structural antigen is an important antigenic component of Dengue Virus. Dengue virus is transmitted by bite of Aedes aegyptii mosquito. Hemorrhagic manifestations and shock syndrome are most dreaded complications of Dengue IgM antibody is produced in acute phase and IgG in later phases of Dengue and may remain for very long periods.

Cytological examination of body fluids enables us to examine and differentiate between inflammatory, benign and malignant effusions. Cell block (CB) technique is method of cytological examination of serous fluids besides conventional smear (CS) technique. The aim of this study was to compare the role of cell block technique over the conventional smear technique in the cytological diagnosis of serous fluids. This was a prospective study done at our medical college and tertiary care hospital between 2017 to 2020. A total of 114 patients were included in the study that underwent paracentesis for effusion cytology. Equal quantities of pleural and peritoneal fluid received and prepared into CS and CB for examination. Cellularity, architecture patterns, morphological features and yield for malignancy were compared, using the two methods. 71 were pleural fluid and 43 were peritoneal fluids. CS and CB comparison for cellularity showed statistically significant (p<0.05) and comparison of malignant effusion done with McNemar’s test for CB showed that CS method was not superior to CB method in pleural, peritoneal and total body effusions. The stastistical analysis of malignant effusions (n=114) for cell block method for sensitivity was 100%, specificity 79.63%, positive predictive value 21.43% and negative predictive value 100%. The CB method provides high cellularity, better architectural patterns, morphological features and an additional yield of malignant cells than CS method. CB method is superior to CS method.

Pigmented skin lesions refer to lesions that are black, brown or blue in color. These lesions include both melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions. A number of pigmented lesions are difficult to classify because of wide spectrum of histological appearances and raise the possibility of melanoma. With this study we intended to evaluate the spectrum of pigmented skin lesions and to correlate the clinical diagnosis with the histological diagnosis. In this retrospective study, 75 cases of pigmented skin lesions were reviewed on hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin embedded tissue sections from June 2017- May 2020 in the Department of Pathology at a Tertiary Care Hospital and analyzed according to age, gender, site of occurrence and histological types. Out of the 75cases evaluated there were 23 melanocytic lesions and 52 non- melanocytic lesions. Overall, benign melanocytic nevi (13 cases) were commonest lesions followed by seborrheic keratosis (11 cases). The lesions presented from 1st -9th decade with slight female predominance. The most common site involved was head and neck. Clinicohistopathological correlation showed positive correlation in 55(73.3%) cases and negative correlation in 20 cases (26.6%). Pigmented skin lesions are common presenting problem, while majority are benign a small minority can be malignant. A histological interpretation by pathologist is essential to correctly diagnose these lesions in order not to miss a small percentage of malignant tumors and to differentiate melanocytic lesions from its nonmelanocytic mimickers.