Background: In the underdeveloped world, microbial infections constitute a serious public health concern. About half of all deaths in tropical nations are thought to be caused by infectious diseases. In addition, some well-known pathogens have assumed new epidemiologic importance by acquiring antimicrobial resistance. Some plants are known as medicinal because they contain active substances that cause specific reactions relating to the cure of human disease. Acacia nilotica, commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt, has many medicinal uses. Objectives: This study used the agar diffusion method to study the antibacterial activity of the different concentrations of ethanolic extract of the medicinal plant Acacia nilotica pods against selected gram-negative bacteria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in Shendi Town, River Nile State, at the microbiology laboratory at Shendi University. Eighty-five wound swabs and urine specimens were collected from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection and wound infection who attended Shendi Teaching Hospital and Almek Nimir University Hospital from February to March 2023; bacteria were isolated and identified using colonial morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Using the agar well diffusion method, we tested the Acacia nilotica extract at 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% w/v concentrations. Results: This study found infection was persistent in patients aged 26–34. Escherichia coli was a primary isolate. According to gender, out of 85 specimens, 26 (30.6%) were males, whereas 59 (69.4%) were females. The ethanolic extract of Acacia nilotica pods was screened for their antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Providencia, and Proteus vulgaris. The antimicrobial effect of the extract was compared with the standard drugs. Crude extracts of Acacia nilotica inhibited the growth of various bacteria and showed its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential, which may be employed in managing microbial infections. Conclusion: The fruits of Acacia nilotica were the subject of these investigations, demonstrating its potent in vitro activity against clinically isolated bacteria and its potential as a treatment for various bacterial and viral infections.

Background: Desmoid fibromatosis is a locally aggressive benign fibroblastic soft tissue tumor representing nearly 0.03% of all neoplasms. They can be sporadic or may be associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). Around 50% of fibromatosis are intrabdominal or arise in the abdominal wall. Rarely, these tumors can arise from the intestinal wall. Appendix and mesoappendix are extremely rare sites of presentation with only 3 reported cases. Case Presentation: A healthy 43-year-old male presented with abdomen distension. CECT scan showed a well-defined enhancing mass in the lower abdomen attached to the appendix with no surrounding infiltration, fat stranding, or evidence of distant metastasis. A wide resection was performed, and gross examination showed a well-circumscribed mass measuring 8 cm attached to the appendix. Histological examination revealed a well-circumscribed cellular spindle cell neoplasm with focal infiltrative borders. The tumor cells showed nuclear immunoreactivity for Beta-catenin and focally for Desmin, while they were negative for DOG1, CD117, CD34, STAT6, S100 & Pan Cytokeratin. The morphology and immunohistochemistry were compatible with Desmoid fibromatosis. CT scans were negative for recurrence or distant metastases after 8 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Appendix and mesoappendix desmoid fibromatosis are extremely rare and can present as an abdominal mass or features of acute appendicitis. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is an important differential diagnosis at this site and is crucial to differentiate from fibromatosis for patient management and follow-up. Identifying beta-Catenin (CTNNB1) mutation is a diagnostic criterion to differentiate from other spindle cell tumors, especially on small biopsies. Multi-disciplinary treatment approach is crucial for management.

Objective: Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), as well as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), are capable of replicating in lymphoid tissues. These infections can lead to chronic antigenic stimulation, which may be linked to the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. This study aims to explore the serological status of Hepatitis B, C, and HIV in lymphoma patients. Methods: In this study, medical records of lymphoma patients diagnosed between 2022 and 2024 were reviewed to record parameters such as HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc IgG, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV. Results: The average age of the 59 patients was 60.6 ± 15.3 years, and 37.3% were women. Of the 59 patients, 41(69.5%) were treated with chemotherapy including Rituximab (rtx). Among the patients, 6 (10.1%) were HBsAg positive, 22 (37.2%) were HBsAg negative with Anti-HBc (+) detected. Of the 28 patients with HBsAg (+) and/or Anti-HBc IgG (+), 24 had received rtx treatment, and antiviral therapy was administered to 20 of them. One of these patients experienced HBV reactivation during follow-up. A false positive result for Anti-HCV was observed in one patient (1.7%). HIV positivity was detected in 3 patients (5%). Conclusıon: These findings indicate that the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and HIV in lymphoma patients in our center is higher than in the general population. Therefore, HBV and HIV tests should be performed before initiating treatment in lymphoma patients. These patients should be evaluated for the risk of HBV reactivation, and appropriate prophylaxis should be planned.

Background: Malaria, caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, continues to be a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly among children and pregnant women, though it affects all age groups. Despite ongoing efforts to curb malaria, the parasite remains a global health issue, posing persistent challenges to people and healthcare systems in endemic regions. Method: This study employed a retrospective descriptive survey to assess malaria prevalence between January 2020 and December 2022. A total of 28,077 hospital records were analysed, encompassing 9,901 from AMAC, 5,394 from Kuje, 5,275 from Abaji, 1,601 from Kwali, 4,793 from Bwari, and 1,113 from Zuba, all within the Federal Capital Territory, over the three-year period. Result: This study revealed a total malaria prevalence of 37.2% from 2020 to 2022 across major hospitals in the six area councils of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The highest prevalence was observed in Wuse (46.2%) and the lowest in Bwari (26.5%). Yearly prevalence peaked in 2021 (41%), followed by 2022 (36%) and 2020 (32%). Malaria prevalence showed seasonal peaks, particularly in June and August, with variations across the regions. Age-dependent analysis indicated the highest prevalence among children aged 0-5 years, while pregnant women exhibited a 58.1% prevalence, with significant regional differences, particularly in Wuse (77.3%) and Kwali (63.7%). Statistical analysis highlighted significant differences in prevalence across regions between 2021 and 2022 (p<0.0347) and in pregnant women across regions (p=0.0035), though yearly trends were not statistically significant (p=0.075). Conclusion: This study underscores malaria's ongoing impact as a critical public health concern in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria, revealing significant variations in prevalence across different regions, age groups, and seasons between 2020 and 2022. This study highlights the continued susceptibility of children under five to malaria and the disease's pronounced seasonal patterns, especially during the rainy months.

The most common known forms of diabetes are type 1, an autoimmune disorder with auto antibodies and type II which is multi-factorial influenced by genetics, environment. Another form of diabetes is MODY (maturity onset diabetes in young), the most common form of monogenic diabetes, seen in non-obese children, adolescents and young adults. MODY a rare condition, accounts for 1–5% of all cases of DM and 1–6% of paediatric diabetes. This is non-ketotic and patients have no antibodies. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1Beta is one of the several genes associated with this disease, causing beta cell dysfunction and extrapancreatic manifestations involving kidney, liver and intestines. In the present case glomerular cystic kidney disease is identified in a young male with diabetes raising clinical strong suspicion of maturity onset diabetes, which later showed Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1Beta mutation. A 17-year-old male, presumed type-1 diabetic who was under regular follow up with an endocrinologist, presented with elevated serum creatinine and protein in urine. On referral to our nephrologist, further evaluation was done when cortical kidney cysts were observed on imaging and on biopsy glomerular cystic kidney disease was identified. Genetic analysis revealed heterozygous missense variant of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1Beta on Exon 4, thereby a final diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes in young-hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta considered. His condition was stable during follow-up, despite the fact that chronic kidney disease is a progressive illness. Interdisciplinary approach helps in accurate typing of diabetes which has a bearing on prognosis and treatment.