Introduction: One of the palliative treatment modalities for advanced prostate cancer (Pca) is bilateral Orchidectomy. Histopathological analysis of submitted Orchidectomy specimens may display normal to various grades of testicular atrophy. Advancing age may be related to testicular atrophy as well as pre-treatment with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist [LHRH(a)], drugs and chronic illnesses. We retrospectively examined results of Orchidectomy specimens submitted for histopathological analysis. Materials and Methods: Bilateral orchidectomy specimen results of twenty seven (27) patients diagnosed with Pca were retrospectively studied. Their clinical information and ancillary laboratory results were retrieved. Of the 27 patients, two (7.4%) patients had no prior treatments for Pca, while twenty patients (74.1%) and five patients (18.5%) had prior exposure to anti-androgens and LHRH(a) respectively. In the histo-analysis, the specimens were graded from normal to various degrees of atrophy. Data collated were analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: The mean age of all patients was 68.52±7.266 years, ranging from 51-87 years. Mean PSA was 59.811+38.84ng/ml, while mean Gleason score was 8.30+8.69. On the whole, 3 patients (11.1%) had normal testes, 16 patients (59.3%) and 8 patients (29.6%) respectively had mild and moderate grades of testicular atrophy. Age correlated positively with the grades of atrophy. Conclusion: Degree of testicular atrophy is widely noted to correlate with age and depends less on pre-treatment in the setting of advanced prostate cancer.

Background: Although most of human life is spent inside, where bacteria are always present on things, little is known about the microbial variety of indoor habitats. Objectives: The major objective of this study was to determine the rate and types of bacterial contaminants in female and male student dormitory of Al-Kufa university campus, and to explore the inhibitory effect of certain disinfectants. This study was conducted for the period from October 2022 to Jun 2023. A total of 400 bacteriological swabs were collected aseptically from different sites of male and female student dormitory of Al-Kufa university. Swabs were streaked as soon as possible on blood agar and MaConkey agar plates and incubated overnight. Identification of bacterial species was based on standard bacteriological criteria. The inhibitory effect of 40% and 60% concentrations of three commercially available disinfectants; dettol (chloroxylenol), Al-Emlaq (Alkyl benzene sulfonate), and the house bleach (sodium hypochlorite) were explored by agar diffusion method. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: The results revealed that the overall bacterial contamination rate in student’s dormitories of Al-Kufa university campus was 78%. Male dormitory unit had significantly higher contamination rate compared to female dormitory unit (57.5% vs 42.5%). Bacillus spp. Was the most predominant contaminant in both male and female units. Al-Emlaq super gel (Alkyl benzene sulfonate) was found as the most effective disinfectant against the majority of bacterial isolates. Conclusion: Authorized and public awareness toward bacterial contamination in student's dormitories is recommended. The selection of an effective disinfectant should be based on its active ingredient and concentration.