Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the commonest endocrine thyroid malignancy. The concurrent incidence of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent finding. Surgical treatment via excision is the only definitive management approach. Here in we present a case report of intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma with incidental papillary micro carcinoma in a 36 year-old-female who initially presented with osteoporosis.

Although present since historic times, cell blocks have still been on a back seat when it comes to diagnostics, despite having immense potential. Cell block preparations made from sedimented cells can be a useful adjunct to routine cytological methods. We, thus, present a case of a 76-year-old female who would have not been treated on time, if a cell block hadn’t been attempted.

Granulomatous mastitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with unknown etiology mostly seen in parous women shortly after their last pregnancy. It is crucial to differentiate granulomatous mastitis from cancer and definite diagnosis is established by histopathological examination. Its treatment is variable and the most appropriate treatment protocol is yet to be identified. Aim of the study was to compare the performances of fine needle aspiration and Core biopsy of breast lump verified by histopathological examination as “Gold standard”. 227 women presenting with breast lump were included in this study. After selection, fine needle aspiration and core biopsy were done at same sitting and follow-up resection histopathology with 122 cases (53.74%) were performed in the laboratory. 40(17.62%) cases were diagnosed granulomatous mastitis by either fine needle aspiration or core biopsy, the reports of 23 cases (57.5%) were concordant in both the procedures and discrepancy was observed in reporting of 17 cases (42.5%). 36 cases (90%) were resected for histopathology and 33 (82.5%) breast lumps were diagnosed granulomatous mastitis. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of fine needle aspiration cytology and Core biopsy were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of core biopsy was 97.54% and that of fine needle aspiration cytology was 89.34%. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of core biopsy were 97.77%, 97.29%, 94.73% and 98.87% respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of fine needle aspiration were 97.77%, 70.27%, 92.85% and 88.88% respectively. The accuracy of core biopsy was much higher than that of fine needle aspiration and also the performances of the combination of two procedures were superior to the individual test alone.

Breast cancers constitutes a significant health problem globally, and the pursuit of powerful early detection techniques remains paramount. This study investigates the potential for early prediction of breast cancer among younger females inside the Najran place of Southern Saudi Arabia through the use of genetic screening profiles. The study aims to elucidate genetic markers related to breast cancer susceptibility in this precise demographic, imparting insights into the disorder's early detection and potential preventive measures. A complete literature assessment establishes the modern-day know-how of breast cancer etiology, genetic factors, and screening techniques, highlighting gaps in know-how concerning the genetic profile of young females in Najran. Methodologically, a cohort of younger females will go through genetic screening protocols, coupled with designated clinical checks, enabling the identity and analysis of genetic markers related to breast cancer predisposition. Statistical evaluation may be hired to correlate recognized genetic variants with the threat of growing breast cancer, bearing in mind the construction of predictive fashions. Findings from this research keep massive promise in advancing personalized medicinal drugs and informing focused screening packages, thereby contributing to the early detection and prevention techniques precise to the young girl population within the Najran place of Southern Saudi Arabia.

Bacillus spp. and related bacteria such as Lysinibacillus spp. are commonly regarded as contaminants if isolated in the laboratory primarily due to their ubiquitous nature and perceived lack of pathogenicity. There are no reports of ocular infection by this agent in the literature. This article describes an unusual case of corneal abscess caused by Lysinibacillus sphaericus, which developed after corneal trauma.

Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) / Osseous metaplasia of endometrium is a very rare pathological entity which can cause infertility and menorrhagia in females. We present a 30 year old female presenting to the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department with chief complaints of infertility. Her menstrual history was normal. She did not have any other significant complaints. Her laboratory investigations were within normal limits. A pelvic ultrasound was performed which showed a significantly thickened endometrium. Following which an endometrial curretting was done and the same was sent to histopathological department. Grossly the specimen was received in multiple fragments aggregating to 2cc. Among the soft tissue fragments, bits of hard and gritty fragments were also noted. Microscopy showed tubular endometrial glands admixed with endometrial stroma and numerous mature lamellar and woven bony trabeculae. No evidence of granuloma/ hyperplasia/ malignancy noted in the multiple sections examined.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of biological treatments administered after an initial treatment with Rituximab. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the baseline data of the Moroccan biotherapy registry for RBSMR. Demographics and disease features were compared using descriptive statistics. The study evaluated the effectiveness of switching to a new biological by measuring DAS28 and ΔDAS28 at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of follow-up. Adverse effects were also assessed. The study compared the switcher and non-switcher groups, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 165 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with Rituximab as their first biologic. The mean age of patients was 51.79 ± 11.27 years with a majority of females (87.9%). The mean duration of the disease was 13.84 ± 9.07 years. In 21.81% of cases, 36 patients required at least one switch due to ineffectiveness. After 1 year of follow-up, switchers had a greater ΔDAS 28-ESR (-0.31 ± 2.22) compared to non-switchers (-0.17 ± 1.72). At 1-year follow-up, 53.6% of switchers were in remission/LDA compared to 43.8% of non-switchers. Adverse effects to biotherapy were more common in switchers (44.4%) than non-switchers (31%), with infections being the most common adverse effect in both groups (22.2% and 13.2%, respectively). Conclusion: Switching after Rituximab in RA patients may be as effective and tolerable as switching after TNF inhibitors.