Background: Difference between the benign and malignant counterparts of mesenchymal tumours is significant due to the differences in the clinical outcome and the role of the surgical pathologist in making this distinction (especially in difficult cases) cannot be underestimated.2 The aim of the current study is to evaluate the histomorphological features of mesenchymal tumours of uterine corpus. Materials and methods: was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, JJM Medical College, Davangere over a period of two years from July 2010- June 2012. Results: Out of the 492 cases, majority were benign tumours accounting to 485(98.58%) cases, followed by 6(1.22%) cases of malignant tumours and one (0.20%) smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Conclusion: Differentiation between the benign and malignant counterparts of mesenchymal tumours is through the use of multivariate criteria; that is, criteria that involves several microscopic features such as differentiated cell type , presence and type of tumor necrosis, the degree of cytologic atypia, the mitotic index, and the relationship to surrounding normal structures, including extrauterine sites. Morphological features supported by proper usage of IHC markers will help in arriving at the final diagnosis.

Aim: To know the seroprevalence of clinical pattern of dermatophytosis (superficial mycosis) with most common fungal pathogen and association with the occupation in P.D.U. Hospital, Rajkot Gujarat region of the India. Methods: A clinical and mycological study of superficial mycosis was conducted on 250 cases (135 male and 115 female). Direct microscopy by KOH mount and culture was undertaken to isolate the fungal pathogen in each case. Results: 225 out of 250 cases (xxx) were positive by direct microscopy in which 130 (xxx) were positive by culture. The commonest age group involved was 21-30 years.Ladourer were affected in115 case out of 250(47.6%) Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation and Trichopyton rubrum was the most commonfungal pathogen isolated followed by Trichopyton mentagrophyte. Conclusion: It was concluded that dermatophytes, are the most common fungal causes of superficial mycosis.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in India. With the Papanicolaou smear method of screening, the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer has dramatically decreased. Recently the Bethesda System (TBS) 2014 for reporting the results of cervical cytology was developed with introduction of some newer terminology that could provide clear guidance for clinical management. Objectives: To correlate cervical cytology smears with histopathological diagnoses and to emphasize the importance of 2014 Bethesda system. Methods: This is a study done from Jan2017 to Dec2018. The pap smears received were evaluated and reported according to 2014 Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. The corresponding cervical biopsy and hysterectomy specimens received were correlated. RESULTS: In our study, we received 592 pap smears for a period of 2 years, 58-unstatisfactory, 453-NILM, 33-ASCUS, 18-LSIL, 7-ASC-H, 15-HSIL, 6-SCC & 2-AGUS. Histopathology correlation was found in 165 cases. The rate of concordance and discordance was 52.7% and 47.3% respectively. Conclusion: Histopathology is the gold standard in making definitive diagnosis in biopsies. But cervical cytology remains and important component of cancer screening program.

Introduction: Lesions of the head and neck region are routinely encountered by clinicians, in patients across all age groups with diagnosis ranging from reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes to malignancies. FNAC of head and neck is a well accepted technique with high specificity. Aims & Objective: To evaluate the role of FNAC in palpable head and neck lesions and also to study their distribution. To assess the prevalence of different types of palpable head and neck swellings. Materials & Methods: This study is conducted over a period of 5years (2013-2017) retrospectively. Palpable head and neck lesions in all individuals irrespective of age and sex was considered and cases with scanty material was excluded from the study. Results: A total of 2598 cases were studied. There were 1649 females (63.5%) and 949 males (36.5%). In the present study age ranged from 1 year to 88 year. Common age group involved was 30 -39years (513 cases) accounting for 19.8% followed by 501 cases in age group of 40-49 years accounting for 19.2%. Most common site was thyroid (979 cases) constituting 37.7% followed by lymph node (960 cases) constituting 36.9%. Among the thyroid lesions predominant lesions were benign accounting for 25 % (245 cases) [TBSRTC system]. Conclusion: Present study confirmed that FNAC is an excellent first line investigative method, for diagnosis of palpable head and neck swellings.

Background: Rickettsial infections are attributed as one of the important cause of pyrexia of unknown origin and there is a need to be differentiated from other common febrile illness. This study was conducted to know the prevalence of rickettsial disease among febrile patients since scrub typhus is endemic in our district in monsoon season the prevalence of scrub typhus is also studied. Materials & Methods: Clinical data and history collected from all PUO patients. A careful search of eschar was performed in all patients, peripheral smear, rapid test for Malaria, widal, Dengue NS1 done accordingly based on the clinical data. Serum samples collected from all the cases and weil felix test was done. Most of the samples were reactive to OX-K antigen, they were subjected to scrub typhus investigation. IgM ELISA was done for scrub typhus. Results: Out of 180 patients 58 (32.22%) were positive for weil felix test. Among the 58 positives 28 (48.27%) were positive for OXK antigen suggestive of scrub typhus. Out of 28 patients 27 (96.45%) were positive in both ELISA & ICT. Only 1 (3.57%) was negative by ICT but positive in ELISA. Seropositivity of scrub typhus is higher in Males in the age group 30 – 45yrs .Fever with chills was present in all cases & headache followed by rashes was the next common finding in all patients with scrub typhus. Conclusion: In our study the Seroprevalence of scrub typhus throws a light that, this has to be included in the fever panel in differential diagnosis, which will help in timely diagnosis and adequate treatment can be given and avoid complications.

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Gram Negative, capsulated rod shaped Bacilli is responsible for causing life threatening infections in humans and also opportunistic bacterial pathogen of clinical relevance for its association with both nosocomial infections and community acquired infections.Moreover, increased resistance to these antibiotics complicates and limits the available therapeutic drug options for the clinicians. Hence this study was taken to investigate the antimicrobial drug resistance and Prevalence of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. This is a Retrospective study conducted at from JANUARY 2018 to DECEMBER 2018 at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital included Sputum sample of 3125 in patients from various Department, out of which 2154 had growth, from which 1320 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected. Patient’s demographic details, co-morbid conditions other associated risk factors were also collected. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done on Muller Hinton agar by Kirby bauer method as described by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). The result shows 1320 Isolates, resistance to antibiotics like (Amoxicillin intrinsically resistance), Cefepime (70.8%),Ceftriaxone (67.5%), Cefuroxime (58.3%), Gentamycin (43.3%) and 726 ESBL producers (55%) which clearly point towards the multi-drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and ESBL producers were significantly more resistant compared to ESBL nonproducers. Hence, Routine ESBL testing should be done along with antibiogram for the proper treatment of patients and also to prevent the development of multi drug resistance.

The urine is frequently among the sites colonized hospital and Candiduria still poses problems of interpretation. Indeed, the discovery of yeast in the urine can be the witness of contamination, a simple colonization or the first sign of invasive infection. We report the case of an elderly patient de66ans hospitalized in urology for management of bladder cancer who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy more bilateral lymphadenectomy and entérocystoplastie.Le patient was taken to dropping a point of ileo-ileal anastomosis responsible liquidiennes food and leaks then the patient was transferred to intensive care. During his stay he presented a febrile syndrome, ECBU objectified candiduria Candida albicans. The evolution was marked by the installation of a septic shock, blood culture came back positive for Candida albicans. Fluconazole has been started but the patient is décédé48h after. Candiduria may be a marker of dissemination in patients at risk with a high severity score. She was also associated with candidemia in 1.3 to 10% depending on the study. In subjects in ICU Candiduria could predict Candida invasion and should justify antifungal treatment and a close monitoring for mycological diagnosis precocity and better therapeutic management.

Background: The clinical heterogeneity of Rare bleeding Disorders (RBDs) associated with their rarity is a significant barrier to enhancing their deeper knowledge. Diagnosis, classification and adequate treatment of these disorders has been hampered by the variable clinical presentation and difficulty in recognizing affected patients, difficulty in collecting longitudinal clinical data and limits of laboratory assays. The objective this study is to evaluate the distribution of RBDs amongst inherited bleeding disorders and approach to RBDswith clinical evaluation & lab diagnosis. Materials and methods: This is a Retrospective study of rare bleeding disorders obtained from the cases referred from Karnataka Haemophilia Society to the Haematology section of department of Pathology, JJM Medical College, Davangere from June 2006 to June 2011. Results: Out of the total of 400 patients of inherited bleeding disorders referred, 23 were diagnosed of RBDs which included 11 cases of factor XIII deficiency, 4 of Hypofibrinogenemia, 3 of Afibrinogenemia, one each of factor II,V,VII,XI deficiency. Conclusion: RBDs poses significant social problem in our country. Lab diagnosis of these disorders is complex but basic coagulation set up with high clinical suspicion can take up the challenge of diagnosing these disorders.

Dyslipidemia is a common finding in patients with thyroid disease, explained by the adverse effects of thyroid hormones in almost all steps of lipid metabolism. Clinical hypothyroidism, through different mechanisms, are associated with lipid alterations, mainly concerning total and LDL cholesterol and less often HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B. In addition to quantitative, qualitative alterations of lipids have been also reported, including atherogenic and oxidized LDL and HDL particles. In thyroid disease, dyslipidemia coexists with various metabolic abnormalities and induce insulin resistance and oxidative stress via a vice-vicious cycle. The above associations in combination with the thyroid hormone induced hemodynamic alterations, might explain the increased risk of coronary artery disease, cerebral ischemia risk, and angina pectoris in older, and possibly ischemic stroke in younger patients with overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism. This article presents a correlation study between hypothyroidism, Apo B and Apo A. It has been found that the 55 subjects enrolled in this study show a significant correlation between TSH and Apo B.

Lupus podocytopathy is a recently described phenomenon characterized by diffuse foot process effacement without peripheral capillary wall immune deposits and glomerular proliferation. It has been described in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with nephrotic syndrome in case reports and a few series. The term of lupus podocytopathy denotes that it as lupus nephritis-related phenomenon, however, the theory of coexisting minimal change disease is also a possibility. Each theory has its own supporting clinical and pathological facts. This literature review is made for a comprehensive analysis of the available clinical circumstances and histological data of the reported cases. Also, it elaborates on the pathological background for both diseases process. The aim of this review is to reach an optimum categorization of this phenomenon.

Background: Pertussis is a life-threatening type of infection in non-immune infants younger than six months of age. Vaccination of pregnant women with tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine (Tdap) may facilitate the transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus, this method may provide protection against pertussis in these newborns. This study will examine the seroprevelance of Bortedella pertussis antibodies in pregnant Saudi females. Methods: This is a crosssectional study in which 258 pregnant females of different age groups in the second and third trimesters who underwent antenatal checkups at King Saud University Medical city, Riyadh, between April 2017 and March 2018 were enrolled. Serum levels of B. pertussis antibody were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: From 258 blood samples,234(90.69%) females between 28 and 45 years of age were non immune to pertussis,12(4.6%) showed borderline immunity, and 12(4,6%) were immune. Conclusion: The majority of tested pregnant Saudi females were non-immune to B.Pertussis despite the expanded Saudi program of immunization (which recommends that the last dose of DTap be given to preschool-age children). This study emphasizes the importance of implementation of Tdap vaccination program in pregnant Saudi females.