Most common ovarian germ cell tumors are mature cystic teratomas (MCTs), comprising 10 to 25 percent of all ovarian neoplasms. MCTs are usually benign in nature but have the potential of undergoing malignant transformation, typically in postmenopausal women, with an incidence of 0.17 to 3 percent. The most common malignant tumor arising in MCT is a squamous cell carcinoma. We present an unusual clinical entity in a 56 year old woman of a squamous cell carcinoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma.

Increasing problem of resistance to conventional antibiotics has initiated an alarming situation for entire world and hence there exist an immediate need to explore better alternatives for combating resistance. This exploration of substitutes led to discovery of bacteriocins which are considered as natural antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous substances ribosomally synthesized from certain bacteria. Bacteriocins producing bacteria include both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Bacteriocins have been classified in various classes on the basis of amino acids present, producer bacteria, and molecular masses. There are four classes of bacteriocins produced from gram positive bacteria and two classes produced from gram negative bacteria. Bacteriocins exhibit all four mechanisms of microbial inactivation used by conventional antibiotics which are inhibition of cell wall synthesis, disruption of membrane structure and integrity, interference in protein and DNA synthesis. In addition to these conventional drug targets, bacteriocins show novel mechanism of septum formation which results in termination of cell cycle. Bacteriocins have shown a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical industry as an excellent drug for multidrug resistant bacteria as well as against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They have also displayed inhibitory effects against peptic ulcer causing H.pylori and skin infections causing gram positive bacteria. They possess antimicrobial activity not only against bacteria but viruses and fungi are also susceptible to bacteriocins.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main problems in health systems and a global public health threat that has increased dramatically over the past two decades. According to epidemiological studies, the number of patients with DM increased from about 30 million cases in 1985, 177 million in 2000, 285 million in 2010, and estimated if the situation continues, to be more than 360 million people by 2030. Too many of the nearly 300 million people in the world with diabetes suffer from diabetes related foot complications. The understanding of the bacteriology of the diabetic septic foot is critical for guiding antibiotic selection and correlating culture results with appropriate therapy. This study is aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance among bacteria causing Diabetic Septic Foot patients. Bacterial isolates of diabetic patients with septic foot infection attending Jaber Abolez Diabetic Center from the 1st of February till the 31st of March, 2017 were recruited to the study. Total number of 204 wound swabs has been cultured during the study. Gram negative bacilli predominated as 183 isolates and Gram positive cocci as 30 isolates only. The commonest organism isolated was Proteus mirabilis as 96 isolates (45.07%). Regarding resistance; All Staphylococci identified are resistant to Oxacillin, resistance to Ciprofluxacin, Gentamicin and Amikacin is shown to be 25.7%, 50% and 27.9%, respectively. BlaCTX-M gene was detected in 27 multi-drug resistant Gram negative isolates (64.29%). The preponderance of ESBLs among the isolates from diabetic foot infections as well as tremendous drug resistance is of concern. Further research is needed to support these findings.