Acute myeloid leukemia has been classified on the basis of morphology, cytochemistry and genetic profile. IDH gene is an epigenetic modifier whose mutation is involved in pathogenesis of various malignancies. This study was planned to study the prevalence of IDH1/2 mutation in denovo AML cases at a tertiary care Centre in North India and also to study its clinicopathological effect in these cases. We evaluated 60 patients registered at our Centre for diagnosis and treatment of AML. Routine investigations, bone marrow examination, flow cytometry were done followed by PCR and sequencing. Out of the total 60 patients of AML 4(6.7%) patients had IDH1R312 mutation and 5(8.3%) Patients had IDH2R172 mutation. IDH2 R140 mutation was not detected in any sample. IDH mutation was significantly associated with high risk AML group. No significant clinicopathological correlation was seen. In this study significant association was observed between IDH mutation and high risk AML cases. There was no paediatric case with IDH mutation. IDH mutation and AML might have an age related association.

Background: Dairy food products constitute a major part of our routine diets and it is fundamental to the food industry globally. However, the need for quality control cannot be over-emphasized. A microbiological guideline must be used to define the differences between unacceptable and acceptable food products as food-borne related diseases have been associated with milk and dairy products. Aim of Study: The study aims to evaluate the growth kinetics of cheese prepared in the laboratory from different milk types over a 96 hour period in order to determine its bacteriological quality and assess the effect of storage time on the pH of the various cheeses. Methods: The laboratory cheese was prepared from fresh Goat, cow, sheep and soybeans using the traditional method. Thereafter, 10g of the cheese samples were stored in sterile 250 ml conical flasks at temperature of 28±2 oC for duration of 96 h. The samples were analyzed every 12-24 h interval using Nutrient Agar, MacConkey Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar and De Mann Rogosa and Sharpe Agar for their bacterial, coliform, staphylococcal and lactobacilli load respectively. Results: At 96 h the highest heterotrophic bacterial load, coliform, staphylococcal and lactic acid bacteria counts were observed in sheep milk cheese (8.27 ± 0.02 Log10cfu/g), (7.10 ± 0.33 Log10cfu/g), (7.40 ± 0.34 Log10cfu/g) and cow milk cheese (8.19 ± 0.05 Log10cfu/g) respectively. At 0 h the highest pH was recorded in Soybean milk cheese (5.76±0.01) while the least was cow milk cheese (4.97±0.11). The highest pH at 96 h was Soybean milk cheese (6.96±0.01) while the least pH was recorded in sheep milk cheese (6.12±0.00). Comparing results of this present study with that of the European Union microbiological regulations (EUMR) and the Gulf Standards Organization (GSO) for foods, the bacteria load of all cheese samples at 12 h was within the acceptable or permissible limit. Conclusion: The present study indicates that laboratory prepared cheese contains a repertoire of significant public health microorganisms in numbers above the permissible limit. It is recommended that appropriate aseptic procedures should be strictly upheld by dairy handlers across the entire cheese production value chain.

Background: The E-test involves using a predefined antibiotic gradient on a strip, which is then placed on an agar plate containing the bacterial culture. The point at which the antibiotic concentration on the strip causes inhibition of bacterial growth is taken as the MIC. This method allows for the rapid and accurate determination of the MIC of antibiotics against specific bacterial strains and can aid in selecting appropriate antibiotics for treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was also to include a comparison of the results with those of previous studies and an evaluation of the study's limitations. Method: A cross-sectional microbiological study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, and the Department of ENT Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh, from January to December 2019. This section will provide a detailed description of the methods used in the study, including the study design, sampling methods, and procedures for collecting and analyzing the data. The methods section will also explain the E-test method used to determine MIC, including the procedure for performing the test and the criteria for interpreting the results. Results: A total of 96 samples, among 73 isolates from 68 culture-positive cases, 37 isolates showed intermediate susceptibility towards selected antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones by disc diffusion method. Regarding MIC breakpoint in terms of susceptibility, out of 21 intermediate isolates of S. aureus, 16(76.2%) were susceptible, 01(4.8%) was intermediate, and 04(19%) were resistant to different antibiotics by E-test. Conclusion: In general, the conclusion of such an article would likely summarize the study's findings, such as the MIC values for the different antibiotics tested and how they compare to established MIC breakpoints, and any significant observations or trends noted. It may also discuss the clinical relevance of the results and provide recommendations for future research.