Mesothelioma of peritoneum is a rare malignancy of serosal membranes. Here we report a case of 55year old female with mass per abdomen reported as epithelioid type of peritoneal mesothelioma. The diagnostic challenge in our cases was due to non specific presentation and the varied histologic morphology of tumor cells for which immunohistochemical studies with markers calretinin, vimentin, cytokeratin 20, cytokeratin5/6, CD34 and HMB34 had to be performed to arrive at the diagnosis. The tumor cells showed positvity for calretinin, vimentin and cytokeratin 20. The final diagnosis was possible due to correlation of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics been consistent with mesothelial origin.

Alkaloids are a secondary metabolite, which are extracted from a wide – array of organisms include Bacteria, Fungi, Plants and Animals. Here in present review mainly focused on the alkaloids derived from endophytic fungi and non – endophytic fungi. Fungi have provided a great source of spirit for novel drug compounds as fungi derived alkaloids have done major boon to human health and well - being. In the present review listed 35 different group of alkaloids from endophytes. In which 12 different alkaloids are kept under derivatives of Indole group, 4 different alkaloids are kept under Quinoline group, 4 different alkaloids kept under amines and amide group, from non-endophytic alkaloid 27 different group of alkaloids are reported. In which 9 different type of alkaloid are mentioned under indole group of alkaloids, 4 alkaloids are reported under diketopiperazine alkaloids, 4 different alkaloids are mentioned under ergot group of alkaloids, 3 alkaloids under prenylated indole alkaloids, 3 alkaloids are mentioned under pyridine classes. The main applications of these alkaloids are antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral Activity Antihelmenthic, Anticancerous, Nutrient Pedaling, Photo stimulation, Endophytes in Tissue Culture Antidiabetic Activity, and Immunosuppressive Activity; hence all the alkaloids should be used as medicines in Ayurvedam. The alkaloids derived from different fungi were reviewed and their uses in medical fields were also report.

Diffuse sclerosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (DS PTC) is a relatively rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. It is characterized by distinct histological features like scattered microscopic tumor islands, diffuse sclerosis, lymphocytic infiltration, numerous psammoma bodies, radiological features like snowstorm appearance and biologically aggressive behavior in the form of invasion and metastasis. A preoperative diagnosis is often challenging in the absence of nodules and scanty fine needle aspiration cytology sample. We describe a case of multifocal diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 29 year old young male who presented with a swelling in the right side of neck of 2 month duration in the absence of a visible thyroid swelling. Neck swelling was non tender, well defined, firm, not moving with deglutition. Laboratory studies showed normal thyroid function, neck ultrasound revealed heteroechoic right lobe with multiple punctate echogenic foci and enlarged right sided cervical nodes with echogenic foci, fine needle aspiration cytology of which was consistent with metastasis from papillary adenocarcinoma. Based on the above investigations, a total thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection and modified radical neck dissection of right side was performed. Histological analysis revealed Multifocal Diffuse Sclerosing variant of papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Clinical and histological challenges usually occur when DS PTC present as diffuse thyroid enlargement, dispersed microscopic tumor islands, extensive fibrosis, abundant lymphocytic infiltration mimicking thyroiditis and when the fine needle aspiration cytology sample is non representative.

Different factors involved in increasing the risk of infectious diseases caused by genetic and environmental changes. Due to high risk of infectious diseases such as chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, advances have been made in the fields of molecular sciences and engineering technology for highly effective tools and high-throughput omics technologies. Ebola virus is the most contagious as compared to the other viruses colds, influenza, or measles. Pathogenic bacteria are involved in causing of infectious diseases. Hib disease is the serious public health concern disease caused by Haemophilus influenza. Norwalk virus also causes serious abnormalities in the digestive system that ultimately leads to muscle cramp. Antimicrobial resistance have been challenging in the fields of biomedical sciences. Sequencing of bacterial genomes helpful for track the different status of fates of mutations that rise and fall through indication of multiple replicates. Genetic engineering based biomedical therapies needed to understand the target microbial cell, protein factory that secreted the variety of products.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), also known as Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare developmental anomaly of lung with unknown etiology. It is seen most commonly in the lungs of infants and has features of both immaturity and malformation of the small airways and distal lung parenchyma. With the increasing use of prenatal ultrasonography, cystic lung lesions are detected more often antenatally, which allows for better neonatal management. We report a case of 3 day old female baby presenting with respiratory distress soon after birth.

Tropical Eosinophilia was first described in 1940 and labelled as “pseudotuberculosis with eosinophilia” [2], the term tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) was first coined by Weingarten in 1943 [3] to a syndrome of wheezing, fever, eosinophilia and bilateral mottling of the lungs. This was followed by a series of reports describing similar conditions from the tropical regions such as the Indian subcontinent [4-6]. Here we present a case of a 12 year old boy who presented with complaints of ear ache and swelling on side of neck bilaterally and on examination multiple neck nodes were palpable. On peripheral smear examination and followed by bone marrow study, Tropical eosinophilia was diagnosed.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of jaw is a rare tumour. It arises from the lining of an odontogenic cyst or de novo from postulated odontogenic cell rests and is rarely diagnosed by FNAC. The primary intraosseous carcinoma of squamous cell origin is very infrequent and only few cases are reported in available literature. The following case report describes a case of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of mandible in a 45 year old male patient with emphasis on cytological features. The main purpose is to highlight diagnostic significance of FNAC for rapid and accurate diagnosis of lesions of mandible and unusual clinical presentation.

Background: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPPT) or Frantz's tumor is a rare exocrine pancreatic tumor, it generally occurs among females within the second or third decade of life. The clinical symptomatology is non-specific, frequently presenting as a slowly growing abdominal mass without any biological abnormalities. The imaging usually shows a well-limited mass with little vascularity. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle aspiration (FNA) helps the diagnosis. The treatment of these tumors is surgical, and the prognosis is excellent after complete resection. We report two new cases of Frantz tumor, detailing the clinicopathological features of this rare neoplasm. Case presentation: Case 1: A 19-year-old woman presented with middle upper abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a solitary encapsulated mass in the pancreatic body. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a regular, well-defined, heterogenous lesion, measuring 50 × 46 cm, in the pancreatic body. endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration was then performed with cytopathological analysis compatible with SPPT. Body computed tomography confirmed the absence of metastases and she underwent a central pancreatectomy. 12 months after the diagnosis, she remains asymptomatic, continuing regular follow-up. Case 2: A 22-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain and weight loss. CT scan revealed a single 5 cm well defined mass in the pancreatic head. EUS showed a well-defined heterogenous hypoechoic encapsulated mass in the pancreatic head, measuring 64 × 44 mm; EUS-FNA was performed and cytopathological analysis was suggestive of SPPT. She underwent conventional cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. She presented septic postoperative complications, with a favorable outcome after medical and surgical therapy. she remains asymptomatic, after 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: Solid pseudo papillary pancreatic tumor is a rare exocrine low-grade neoplasm. EUS is a sensitive tool in the diagnosis of SPPT, identifying and characterizing the pathologic lesions, and allowing EUS-FNA with cytomorphological recognition, making it an invaluable tool for establishing diagnosis, helping clinical management and surgical planning.